Ocean Carbon and Acidification Dataset: NCEI Accession 0304549 (original) (raw)

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2025 (SOCATv2025) (NCEI Accession 0304549)

INVESTIGATORS:

Dorothee C. E. Bakker - University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UNITED KINGDOM

Simone R. Alin - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, UNITED STATES

Takafumi Aramaki - National Institute for Environmental Studies, Earth System Division, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

Leticia Barbero - Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, UNITED STATES

Nicholas Bates - Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), 17 Biological Lane, Ferry Reach, St. Georges, ST GEORGES WEST, GE01, BERMUDA

Thanos Gkritzalis - VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai, Ostend, 8400, BELGIUM

Steve D. Jones - VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, Wandelaarkaai, Ostend, Belgium

Alex Kozyr - Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, UNITED STATES

Siv K. Lauvset - NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, P.O.B 22 Nygårdstangen, Bergen, Bergen, 5007, NORWAY

Vlad A. Macovei - Hereon Helmholtz Centre, Max Planck Str.1, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany

Nicolas Metzl - Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, Boite 100 - 4, place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, 75252, FRANCE

David R. Munro - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 216 UCB, Rm 318, Boulder, CO, 80309-0216, UNITED STATES

Shin-ichiro Nakaoka - National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, JAPAN

Kevin M. O'Brien - University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), ERL MRRD 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 32, SEATTLE, WA, 98115-0070, UNITED STATES

Are Olsen - Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, MINDE, 5032, NORWAY

Denis Pierrot - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida, 33149, UNITED STATES

Tobias Steinhoff - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, D-24105, Germany

Kevin F. Sullivan - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, UNITED STATES

Adrienne J. Sutton - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115-6349, UNITED STATES

Colm Sweeney - NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, UNITED STATES

Chisato Wada - National Institute for Environmental Studies, Earth System Division, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, ONAGAWA, Ibaraki, 305-8506, JAPAN

Rik Wanninkhof - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149-1026, UNITED STATES

John Akl - CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Lisandro A. Arbilla - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Kumiko Azetsu-Scott - Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Ocean and Ecosystem Sciences Division, P O BOX 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, CANADA

Roman Battisti - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington, 98115-6349, UNITED STATES

Cory M. Beatty - University of Montana, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missoula, MT, 59812, UNITED STATES

Meike Becker - University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 24105, Germany

Alice Benoit-Cattin - Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, Reykjavik, 101, ICELAND

Carla F. Berghoff - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo Nº1, B7602HSA, Mar del Plata, B7602HSA, ARGENTINA

Henry C. Bittig - Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, Rostock, D-18119, Germany

Jennifer A. Bonin - University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, Florida, UNITED STATES

Randy Bott - University of Washington, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES

Roberto Bozzano - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 7, Roma, 00185, ITALY

Eugene F. Burger - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, UNITED STATES

Fabio Brunetti - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Borgo Grotta Gigante, Italy

Carolina Cantoni - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Roma, Italy

Giuliano Castelli - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy

Don P. Chambers - University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, UNITED STATES

Melissa Chierici - Institute of Marine Research - Norway, Oceanography and Climate, Fram Centre, Department of Arctic Geophysics, Tromsø, Norway

Andrea Corbo - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy

Margot Cronin - Marine Institute, Ireland

Jessica N. Cross - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, ERL MRRD 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 32, Seattle, WA, 98115-0070, UNITED STATES

Kim I. Currie - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited (NIWA), PO Box 56, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND

Carlotta Dentico - Ca' Foscari University Dorsoduro, Venice, Italy

Steven R. Emerson - University of Washington School of Oceanography, MARINE SCIENCES BUILDING, SEATTLE, WA, 98195, UNITED STATES

Ian C. Enochs - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Key Biscayne, FL, 33149, UNITED STATES

Matt P. Enright - Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Lane, St. Georges, ST GEORGES WEST, GE01, BERMUDA

Kazutaka Enyo - Japan Meteorological Agency, Global Environment and Marine Department, Nagasaki, Japan

Ylva Ericson - Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway

Wiley Evans - Hakai Institute, 1713 Hyacinthe Bay Road, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, CANADA

Amanda R. Fay - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York, 10964, UNITED STATES

Richard A. Feely - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, ERL MRRD 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 32, Seattle, WA, 98115-0070, UNITED STATES

Elena Fragiacomo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy

Agneta Fransson - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromso, NO-9296, NORWAY

Martina Gehrung - Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany

Michele Giani - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy

Michael Glockzin - Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany

Siyabulela Hamnca - Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lower Hope Rd, Rosebank., Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA

Nikola Holodkov - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy

Mario Hoppema - Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 12 01 61, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany

J. Severino P. Ibánhez - Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Vigo, Spain

Koji Kadono - Japan Meteorological Agency, Atmosphere and Ocean Department, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8122, JAPAN

Linus Kamb - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, ERL MRRD 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 32, Seattle, WA, 98115-0070, UNITED STATES

Martina Kralj - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy

Torstein Kristensen - Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

V. Alessandro Laudicella - Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Sgonico, Italy

Nathalie Lefèvre - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, 4 place Jussieu, T. 45-46 5ème étage, UMR 7159 Case 100, Paris, 75252, FRANCE

Coraline Leseurre - VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, Oostende, BELGIUM

Claire Lo Monaco - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Boite 100 - 4, place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, 75252, FRANCE

Anna Luchetta - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy

Stacy Maenner Jones - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, ERL MRRD 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BLDG 32, SEATTLE, WA, 98115-0070, UNITED STATES

Reinaldo A. Maenza - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Mar del Plata, Argentina

Anna M. McAuliffe - University of Colorado Cooperative Institute for Research and Environmental Sciences, NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, UNITED STATES

Baxolele Mdokwana - Oceans and Coastal Research, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE), Cape Town, South Africa

Natalie M. Monacci - School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, 2150 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775-7220, UNITED STATES

Sylvia Musielewicz - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES

Craig Neill - CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Tim Newberger - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 216 UCB, Rm 318, Boulder, CO, 80309-0216, UNITED STATES

Yukihiro Nojiri - National Institute for Environmental Studies, Earth System Division, Center for Global Environment Research (CGER), ONAGAWA, Ibaraki, JAPAN

Mark D. Ohman - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0955, UNITED STATES

Sólveig Rósa Ólafsdóttir - Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, Reykjavik, 101, ICELAND

Léa Olivier - Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, P.O. Box 12 01 61, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany

Abdirahman M. Omar - NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygardsgaten 112-114, Bergen, Bergen, 5008, NORWAY

John Osborne - Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, UNITED STATES

Sara Pensieri - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy

Wilhelm Petersen - Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany

Albert J. Plueddemann - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WOODS HOLE, MA, 02543, UNITED STATES

Gregor Rehder - Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany

Nicholas P. Roden - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway

Anna Rutgersson - Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Jean-Baptiste Sallée - IPSL; Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Paris, France

Richard Sanders - NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygardsgaten 112-114, Bergen, Bergen, 5008, NORWAY

Dirk Sarpe - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany

Carsten Schirnick - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany

Reiner Schlitzer - Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

Uwe Send - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, Nierenberg Hall 446, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0955, UNITED STATES

Ingunn Skjelvan - NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygardsgaten 112-114, Bergen, Bergen, 5008, NORWAY

Stewart C. Sutherland - Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, UNITED STATES

Michiel T'Jampens - Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Oostende, Belgium

Veronica Tamsitt - Submarine Scientific LLC, San Francisco, California, UNITED STATES

Maciej Telszewski - International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland

Hannelore Theetaert - Flanders Marine Institute, InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, Ostend, BELGIUM

Bronte Tilbrook - Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, CSIRO Environment, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, AUSTRALIA

Tom Trull - CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CASTRAY ESPLANADE GPO BOX 1538, HOBART, TASMANIA, 7001, AUSTRALIA

Mutshutshu Tsanwani - Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA

Sebastiaan van de Velde - University of Otago, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 56, Dunedin, NEW ZEALAND

Steven M. A. C. van Heuven - Energy and Sustainability Research Institute, Centre for Isotope Research, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen, NETHERLANDS

Martín H. Veccia - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo, Mar del Plata, Argentina

Yoana G. Voynova - Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany

Robert A. Weller - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WOODS HOLE, MA, 02543, UNITED STATES

Nancy L. Williams - University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, UNITED STATES

PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2025 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, sailing yachts, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global ocean and coastal seas from 1957 to 2025. The main SOCAT synthesis and gridded products contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 μatm are separately available. During secondary quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flag of C (and D) for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used from SOCAT version 3 onward. SOCAT quality control cookbooks provide quality control updates (www.socat.info), with (Gkritzalis et al., 2024) used for version 2025. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 µatm (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution without gap filling. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. It also asks users to cite the relevant SOCAT data set, the relevant methods paper(s), and to use acknowledgement text (https://socat.info/index.php/citing-socat/). The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on SOCAT and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks have allowed annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. Automation of metadata upload is ongoing. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of earth system models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform on ocean CO2 uptake in the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. SOCAT is a key element of the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Greenhouse Gas Watch (G3W) program and is a key resource for Copernicus’ evaluations. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community contribute to United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. However, since 2022 SOCAT critically relies on support provided by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the US. This has been sufficient to keep the basic operation running, however this limited support has resulted in SOCAT data architecture not being updated, leading to a system with limited resilience that is highly vulnerable to external factors. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ surface ocean carbon measurements, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake for policy makers. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations and their synthesis imperative.

CITE AS: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Aramaki, Takafumi; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicholas; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Jones, Steve D.; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Macovei, Vlad A.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Akl, John; Arbilla, Lisandro A.; Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko; Battisti, Roman; Beatty, Cory M.; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Berghoff, Carla F.; Bittig, Henry C.; Bonin, Jennifer A.; Bott, Randy; Bozzano, Roberto; Burger, Eugene F.; Brunetti, Fabio; Cantoni, Carolina; Castelli, Giuliano; Chambers, Don P.; Chierici, Melissa; Corbo, Andrea; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; Currie, Kim I.; Dentico, Carlotta; Emerson, Steven R.; Enochs, Ian C.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Ericson, Ylva; Evans, Wiley; Fay, Amanda R.; Feely, Richard A.; Fragiacomo, Elena; Fransson, Agneta; Gehrung, Martina; Giani, Michele; Glockzin, Michael; Hamnca, Siyabulela; Holodkov, Nikola; Hoppema, Mario; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Kadono, Koji; Kamb, Linus; Kralj, Martina; Kristensen, Torstein; Laudicella, V. Alessandro; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Leseurre, Coraline; Lo Monaco, Claire; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Maenza, Reinaldo A.; McAuliffe, Anna M.; Mdokwana, Baxolele; Monacci, Natalie M.; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Olivier, Léa; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Osborne, John; Pensieri, Sara; Petersen, Wilhelm; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Rehder, Gregor; Roden, Nicholas P.; Rutgersson, Anna; Sallée, Jean-Baptiste; Sanders, Richard; Sarpe, Dirk; Schirnick, Carsten; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sutherland, Stewart C.; T'Jampens, Michiel; Tamsitt, Veronica; Telszewski, Maciej; Theetaert, Hannelore; Tilbrook, Bronte; Trull, Tom; Tsanwani, Mutshutshu; van de Velde, Sebastiaan; van Heuven, Steven M. A. C.; Veccia, Martín H.; Voynova, Yoana G.; Weller, Robert A.; Williams, Nancy L. (2025). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2025 (SOCATv2025) (NCEI Accession 0304549). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/648f-fv35\. Accessed [date].

DATA LICENSE:

This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION FOR THIS DATA PACKAGE:

NCEI ACCESSION: 0304549

NCEI DOI: https://doi.org/10.25921/648f-fv35

EXPOCODE: Multiple;

CRUISE ID: Multiple;

SECTION/LEG: Coastal Carbon Project; Moorings and Time Series project; SOOP;

TYPES OF STUDY:
Data synthesis product;Surface measurement;
DATA LEVEL:
compilation;
MANIPULATION:
natural;

TEMPORAL COVERAGE:

START DATE: 1957-10-22

END DATE: 2025-01-31

SPATIAL COVERAGE:

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:

Atlantic Ocean;Pacific Ocean;Indian Ocean;Arctic Ocean;Southern Ocean;

PLATFORM TYPE:
mooring;
PLATFORMS:

none;

RESEARCH PROJECT(S):

Coastal Carbon Project; Moorings and Time Series Project; Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP);

VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:

PUBLICATIONS DESCRIBING THIS DATASET:

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B. Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O’Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S. R., Balestrini, C. F., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bianchi, A. A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E. F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J. S. P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K. F., Sutherland, S. C., Sutton, A. J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A. J., Xu, S. (2016) A multi-decade record of high quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data 8: 383-413. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016.

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H. (2013) Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 145-153. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013.

Gkritzalis, T., Bakker, D. C. E., Lauvset, S. K. And Steinhoff, T. (2024) SOCAT Quality Control Cookbook – For version 2025 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas. 26 pp. Published on 18/12/2024. Available here: https://socat.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024\_SOCAT\_QC\_Cookbook\_Update.pdf.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

none;

FUNDING:

Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, EU, NSF, Japan Climate Research Programs

PROJECT TITLE: Surface Water pCO2 measurements from ships; High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements

PROJECT ID:

SUBMITTED BY: Kevin M. O'Brien (kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov)

SUBMISSION DATE: 2025-05-28

REVISION DATE: 2025-06-25

PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1