Appendix A – Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, SAMHSA, CBHSQ (original) (raw)

1 The 2019 NSDUH questionnaire is available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.

2 Definitions that reflect items added to the questionnaire after 2015 (e.g., in 2018 or 2019) do not include this dagger symbol.

3 See the following reference: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/

4 See the following reference: American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

5 See footnote 1.

6 See the reference in footnote 4.

7 See the following reference: Office of Management and Budget. (1997). Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Register, 62(210), 58781-58790.

8 See footnote 1.

9 See the reference in footnote 4.

10 See the reference in footnote 4.

11 See the reference in footnote 3.

12 See the reference in footnote 4.

13 See the reference in footnote 3.

14 See the reference in footnote 4.

15 These codes are updated approximately every 10 years and are available at https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-classifications.aspx by clicking on that page's link to the "Rural/Urban Continuum Codes."

16 Definitions of MSAs and micropolitan statistical areas as defined by the OMB are available by conducting a search at the following webpage: https://www.census.gov/.

17 See the reference in footnote 4.

18 Respondents in 2002 to 2015 were asked specifically about driving under the influence of "illegal" drugs. However, respondents' perceptions of what constitutes an "illegal" drug may differ depending on the marijuana laws in the states where respondents are living. Therefore, these questions were revised starting with the 2016 NSDUH as indicated in the definition above.

19 See the following reference: Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. L., Fleiss, J. L., & Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012

20 See footnote 1 for the location of the 2019 NSDUH questionnaire.

21 For more information, see the following webpage: https://www.census.gov/.

22 See the reference in footnote 4.

23 In the recency-of-use question, "any hallucinogen" is the default wording except in special situations. For more information, see the link for the 2019 NSDUH questionnaire in footnote 1.

24 See the reference in footnote 4.

25 See the reference in footnote 4.

26 See the reference in footnote 7.

27 See the reference in footnote 4.

28 See the following reference: Drug Enforcement Administration. (2017). Drugs of concern. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/

29 See the reference in footnote 28.

30 See the reference in footnote 4.

31 For prescription psychotherapeutic drugs, substance use initiation refers to misusing any drug in that category for the first time in the past 12 months. Starting in 2015, respondents were asked about any use of prescription drugs in the past 12 months or in their lifetime (i.e., not necessarily misuse). However, respondents who reported any use of prescription drugs were not asked when they first used these drugs.

32 See the following reference: Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Normand, S. L., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184

33 See the following reference: Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997). Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27(2), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.2190/t8em-c8yh-373n-1uwd

34 See the following reference: Novak, S. P., Colpe, L. J., Barker, P. R., & Gfroerer, J. C. (2010). Development of a brief mental health impairment scale using a nationally representative sample in the USA. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 19(Suppl. 1), 49-60.

35 See the following reference: Rehm, J., Üstün, T. B., Saxena, S., Nelson, C. B., Chatterji, S., Ivis, F., & Adlaf, E. (1999). On the development and psychometric testing of the WHO screening instrument to assess disablement in the general population. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 8, 110-123. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.61

36 See the reference in footnote 28.

37 See the following reference: American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.

38 See the following reference: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2012). Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 12-4713, NSDUH Series H-44). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

39 See the following reference: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2019). National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2018 public use file and codebook. Retrieved from https://datafiles.samhsa.gov/

40 See the reference in footnote 4.

41 See the reference in footnote 4.

42 See the following reference: First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research.

43 See the following reference: Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) Reorganization Act, Pub. L. No. 102-321 (1992).

44 See the reference in footnote 4.

45 See the reference in footnote 4.

46 See the reference in footnote 7.

47 See the following reference: Shiffman, S., Hickcox, M., Gnys, M., Paty, J. A., & Kassel, J. D. (1995, March). The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale: Development of a new measure. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, San Diego, CA.

48 See the following reference: Shiffman, S., Waters, A. J., & Hickcox, M. (2004). The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale: A multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/1462220042000202481

49 See the following reference: Fagerstrom, K.-O. (1978). Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 3-4, 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(78)90024-2

50 See the following reference: Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K.-O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x

51 See the reference in footnote 4.

52 See the reference in footnote 4.

53 See the reference in footnote 3.

54 See the reference in footnote 3.

55 See the reference in footnote 3.

56 See the reference in footnote 3.

57 See the reference in footnote 4.

58 See the reference in footnote 7.

59 Respondents were not asked about treatment for prescription pain relievers, prescription tranquilizers, prescription stimulants, or prescription sedatives if they had not misused these substances in their lifetime.

60 See the reference in footnote 4.

61 See the reference in footnote 3.

62 For a description and properties of the K6 scale, see the reference in footnote 32.

63 More information about the creation of the statistically adjusted SPD variables can be found in the following two references:

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2012). 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological resource book (Section 16b, Analysis of effects of 2008 NSDUH questionnaire changes: Methods to adjust adult MDE and SPD estimates and to estimate SMI in the 2005-2009 surveys). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

Office of Applied Studies. (2009). Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings (HHS Publication No. SMA 09-4434, NSDUH Series H-36). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

64 See the reference in footnote 39.

65 See the first reference in footnote 63.

66 See the reference in footnote 33.

67 See the reference in footnote 3.

68 See the reference in footnote 4.

69 See the reference in footnote 4.

70 See the reference in footnote 3.

71 See the reference in footnote 4.

72 See the reference in footnote 4.

73 Respondents were asked about treatment for depression regardless of whether they were classified as having a major depressive episode (MDE). To produce estimates of treatment for depression among people with MDE, the analysis needs to be restricted to respondents who had a lifetime or past year MDE.

74 See the references in footnotes 34 and 35.