rich bengloff – Techdirt (original) (raw)

SoundExchange & A2IM Sued For Antitrust Violations By Sirius

from the sirius-charges dept

Well, well. Last fall, we discussed how Sirius XM was aiming to cut out SoundExchange and try to do deals directly with labels for performance rights. There’s some history here. SoundExchange was set up and spun out of the RIAA specifically to collect performance royalties from Sirius XM and emerging internet streaming offerings. Radio doesn’t pay performance rights to musicians (they just pay mechanicals to songwriters/publishers), and while the RIAA has wanted that to change for years, it used the “newness” of satellite and the internet to suddenly claim that this extra tax must be paid there, and then set up SoundExchange to collect it. The “rate” was a statutory rate set by the Copyright Royalty Board (CRB), which involved a huge fight, with SoundExchange basically demanding a significant cut of everyone’s revenue. The CRB eventually agreed to a sliding rate starting at 6% and moving up to 8% over time — much, much lower than what SoundExchange wanted (there was an even more intense fight over internet rates, but that is a separate issue).

Even with this “lower” rate, Sirius XM provides a huge chunk of SoundExchange’s revenue — around $200 million last year alone. Realizing that the deal that set up SoundExchange noted that it was “nonexclusive,” Sirius sought to cut SoundExchange out of the loop and go direct to labels. Obviously, Sirius’s goal is to pay less in royalties, and that led some to wonder why a label would want to do it, since the royalty rate would be lower. Except, it’s a little more complex than that.

Sirius notes that in cutting out the middleman, you avoid SoundExchange’s (hefty) administrative fee, as well as its notoriously opaque payment process which has left many labels scratching their heads. SoundExchange provides little information as to why artists get paid what they’re paid, leaving open significant concerns that the money is not being accounted for properly. Similarly, SoundExchange has been notorious for having “difficulty” finding artists — though I will say that they’ve definitely been improving a lot on that front, and really have made a huge effort to reach out to artists. Still, there certainly could be benefits for labels to go direct. Cutting out the middleman, having more relevant and accurate data, as well as more timely payments could certainly be worth it. In fact, Jeff Price at TuneCore explained how indie artists who were their own labels would almost certainly benefit by going direct.

However, the wider industry flipped out and closed ranks, with SoundExchange, the RIAA and A2IM (like the RIAA but for indie labels) all urging labels not to have anything to do with direct deals. Sirius XM looked at all of this and saw a clear antitrust violation as it certainly feels like the entire industry colluding against it. To that end, it has sued SoundExchange and A2IM for antitrust violations — and even gone so far as to ask for SoundExchange to be “dissolved and unwound.” While the actions of other music industry trade groups — including the RIAA, NARAS, AFRTA and AFM — are mentioned in the lawsuit, they are not listed as defendants (yet). The focus is very much on SoundExchange and A2IM, whose boss, Rich Bengloff, sits on the board of SoundExchange (along with a bunch of RIAA folks).

In the filing (embedded below), Sirius reports on multiple attempts it made to sign deals with indie labels, in which it was repeatedly rebuffed with claims about how Rich or A2IM had urged them not to do direct deals.

For example, Sirius XM’s direct license outreach to independent label Bandit Records was short-circuited when a representative of Bandit Records told Sirius XM that“[w]e’re members of A21M and Merlin. I think that prevents a direct license.” Upon information and belief, one or both Defendants communicated with Bandit Records (or through its representative Merlin Network) and pressured them to refuse a direct license.

O. Sirius XM’s effort to engage in direct license discussions with independent label Unitedlnterests was similarly derailed when, on August 30, 2011, a representative of Unitedlnterests wrote: “I heard that XM was making these requests. I will look at the license,**but will also confer with A2IM and other indies.**” Upon information and belief, UnitedInterests pursued those discussions and therefore agreed with A2IM and/or other record companies not to enter into a direct license.

Sirius XM’s approach to independent label CA Management was stopped in its tracks when, on October 27, 2011, a representative of CA Management told Sirius XM that he was “getting mixed reviews about the best way to handle” the direct license offer. Several weeks later, on November 15, 2011, he told Sirius XM that “the RIAA has asked everyone to hold off.”CA Management never entered into a direct license with Sirius XM because, upon information and belief, after CA Management communicated with RIAA, it agreed to participate in the industry boycott.

There are more, similar, examples in the filing. There’s also a discussion of some indie labels who did sign on, but then backed out, claiming pressure from A2IM. From the filing:

Defendants’ unlawful efforts have also extended to extracting agreements from labels that have already signed direct licenses to attempt to back out of them. By way of example. on November 28. 2011. Sirius XM entered into a direct license with Paracadute, TMB Productions, Michael Doughtv. and Michael Viola. On February 9, 2012, Paracadute and TMB Productions requested that they be released from the deal. Surprised by this request, Sirius XM’s agent asked Darren Paltrowitz, the person with whom they had negotiated the deal, for an explanation. Mr. Paltrowitz’s, response was an e-mail with talking points strikingly similar to the Defendants’ press release, which Mr. Paltrowitz indicated were supplied by the bands’ business manager. That business manager is Perry Resnick, an artist manager with RZO LLC, and a longtime member of the SoundExchange Board. After further discussions, on February 22, 2012, Mr. Paltrowitz wrote that he “relayed [Sirius XM’s] feedback to RZO, and they — per conversations with A2IM and other folks beyond SoundExehange — stand their ground about wanting us to opt out” of the direct license. That same day. Mr. Paltrowity cut and pasted an email he received from Mr. Resinick that stated: “I know for a fact that Rich Bengloff, the head of A2IM … is against this. Rich and I have had this exact conversation, and are both in agreement that SoundExchange is the better way to go.”

Of course, there are a few reasons why SoundExchange and its board members would be so against this. As noted earlier, they still think that the royalty rates should be much higher, and have indicated multiple times that in the next round of ratesetting at the CRB, they are going to push for royalty rates double to triple of what Sirius XM is already paying. That’s certainly part of why Sirius would like to cut them out of the picture. But, as some have noted, doing direct deals outside of SoundExchange doesn’t just let Sirius avoid whatever crazy rates the judges at the CRB choose out of thin air, but it allows them to argue that the actual market rate is lower. You see… the way the CRB works is that it’s supposed to try to set a statutory rate that is effectively what the market would choose on its own. Historically, since there were no market-based deals, it had nothing concrete to base its decision on, other than what SoundExchange or Sirius told the judges. However, if Sirius is able to cut direct deals (and do them at an even lower rate) then when the CRB hearing comes around, Sirius now has empirical evidence of a lower market rate. That’s a pretty big deal.

Honestly, I’m not sure either side in this fight comes out looking good. It’s really just a fight about who pays how much, and who gets a cut. This is the kind of messy thing that happens when a clueless Congress decides that a clueless judicial board should magically “set rates” based on nothing in particular. Sirius XM is hardly an angel in this fight, but based on some of the quotes in the filing, there may be something of a case here — though proving full on antitrust violations are not easy.

The real issue, it seems, is that groups like A2IM are supposed to represent the industry, but are not supposed to be a central point of collusion for the industry, driving policy decisions back to the labels. That’s coordinated effort among competitors that could very well cross the line. The close-knit nature of the SoundExchange board makes all of this even more complicated (and again raises serious questions why Congress ever allowed SoundExchange to be birthed from the RIAA, rather than being truly independent in the first place). I can’t image a court would actually dissolve SoundExchange, but if it turns out that this lawsuit has legs, things could get very, very messy in the industry (and it certainly could shake up A2IM in a big way as well). This is one worth paying attention to.

Filed Under: antitrust, collusion, copyright, direct license, performance rights, rich bengloff, royalties, satellite radio
Companies: a2im, riaa, sirius xm, soundexchange

from the hide-ya-kids dept

I attended that excellent Digital Music Forum: East conference yesterday in Manhattan, where I appeared on stage to interview Gary Shapiro, the head of the Consumer Electronics Association and the author of the (really excellent) new book The Comeback. It’s really worth reading, and I think a ton of Techdirt readers would enjoy it, as it hits on a ton of points we regularly discuss, concerning innovation, policy and intellectual property. That discussion was fun, and Gary made some great points about trying to look towards the future, and avoiding mistakes like the recording industry suing its own customers.

However, the panel that was the most fascinating was later in the day with a panel called “Lawyers, Guns & Money,” discussing questions around music file sharing and what should be done about it. The lineup of panelists included Rich Bengloff (who later told me that I should have the word “editor” stripped from my badge because it gave me too much credibility — nice guy, that Rich) from A2IM (who represents independent music labels), Michael Petricone from the Consumer Electronics Association, Julie Samuels from the EFF, Mark Eisenberg who has worked at the major labels and is now a consultant, and Bryan Calhoun from SoundExchange. The whole thing was moderated by Jonathan Potter who certainly knows how to make a panel get… lively.

Not surprisingly, there was a fair amount of disagreement on some of the issues, with Bengloff doing the usual song and dance about “piracy” destroying the music industry. Julie Samuels, correctly, pointed out that Bengloff was being misleading, and it was the recording industry that was having trouble adapting, not the music industry. Bengloff insisted this wasn’t true, and insisted (contrary to every single study we’ve seen) that every other aspect of the music business was in massive decline. Petricone then responded by bringing things around to a key point: copyright law was designed for one purpose and one purpose only: to act as an incentive to create content. And, if you look at the market today, you’d have to be delusional to say that the market is having any problem in that area whatsoever. More music is being created today than ever before. More people are spending more money on music and music related goods than ever before. There’s a massive variety of music available today. Basically, the content space is absolutely thriving. So, arguing that there’s a problem in the market seems misguided.

And this is the point where the panel went off the rails a bit. Suddenly, Bengloff decided it was time to directly attack Petricone (with a brief jab thrown at me for some reason). He pulled out some paper, showing that he came prepared specifically to try to do a character assassination on Petricone. What was the piece of paper? Apparently a petition to try to get an independent musician to become the new head of SoundExchange — with Petricone’s signature supporting the petition. Whether or not this particular musician was qualified to be the head of SoundExchange may be a fair question, but Bengloff effectively said that the very act of supporting an actual musician to be head of SoundExchange showed that he didn’t care about musicians and he was just trying to help consumer electronics providers. If someone can explain the logic here, it went over my head. The suggestion that Petricone doesn’t actually care about music or musicians was quickly debunked by other panelists, who point out that he’s a massive supporter of musicians, and the whole attempt to paint Petricone as some anti-musician person just made A2IM and Bengloff look petty and focused on character attacks rather than the key issues at hand.

This resulted in a bit of a meltdown on the panel with people starting to scream back and forth at each other over various issues, and it took a bit of time to get the panel back under control, at which point it went back down the same old road, with one group claiming “woe is me, the industry is dying,” while others pointed out that’s simply not true and there are ways to adapt and change and succeed. Petricone pointed out — as we were just discussing that it’s silly to present the tech companies as being somehow “evil” in all of this, as their interests are very much aligned with the content creators’ interests. This is the same frustration point we’ve reached before.

As the panel wound down Eisenberg tried to make a point about where the industry needed to go, saying “we all know that everybody needs to get paid, and the real question is how do we best bring that about.” I have a problem with this statement, because no one needs to get paid. In a capitalist free market economy, the whole point is that it’s your own responsibility to figure out how to get paid, and if the market shifts, you need to learn to shift with it or perish. That’s the nature of innovation and creative destruction. When the automobile came along, no one said “but the horse buggy creators need to get paid!.” The horse buggy creators figured out how to adapt, or they went out of business. The fact that we have so many people creating music today, and the various research shows musicians making more money than ever before in the past certainly suggests that musicians are adapting. As for the record labels? Well, some are adapting, but it still appears that many are not.

Finally, Julie Samuels pointed out that it took nearly 50 minutes into the panel before anyone mentioned the fans of music, and how to actually respond to what they want. This is another key observation that sort of highlighted the problem. The fans are the people that the industry needs to be paying attention to, listening to and engaging. Instead, they declared war on them. When that backfired, the industry declared war on the tech innovators — the companies who were creating the infrastructure and tools to lead them through this. It’s as if the recording industry can’t help but to attack those it needs the most.

Either way, it was an entertaining panel to watch, if only for the screaming match in the middle. Still, I am hopeful that someday soon, we can have discussions on how to move forward and embrace opportunities, rather than fighting over how do we go back to a past that isn’t coming back.

Filed Under: copyright, debate, julie samuels, michael petricone, rich bengloff
Companies: a2im, cea, eff