Navigation Timing 2 (original) (raw)

Abstract

This specification defines a unified interface to store and retrieve high resolution performance metric data related to the navigation of a document.

Status of this document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.

This is document is the First Public Working Draft of the Navigation Timing 2 specification.

Please send comments to public-web-perf@w3.org (archived) with [NavigationTiming2] at the start of the subject line.

This document is produced by the Web Performance Working Group. The Web Performance Working Group is part of the Rich Web Clients Activity in the W3C Interaction Domain.

Navigation Timing 2 supplements the first version of Navigation Timing and includes:

Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

Table of Contents

  1. 1Introduction
  2. 2Conformance requirements
  3. 3 Terminology
  4. 4 Navigation Timing
    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 The PerformanceNavigationTiming interface
  5. 5 Process
    1. 5.1 Processing Model
    2. 5.2 Vendor Prefixes
  6. 6 Privacy
    1. 6.1 Information disclosure
    2. 6.2 Cross-directory access
  7. 7 Security
    1. 7.1 Detecting proxy servers
  8. 8 References
    1. 8.1 Normative References
  9. Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

This section is non-normative.

Accurately measuring performance characteristics of web applications is an important aspect of making web applications faster. While JavaScript-based mechanisms, such as the one described in [JSMEASURE], can provide comprehensive instrumentation for user latency measurements within an application, in many cases, they are unable to provide a complete or detailed end-to-end latency picture.

For example, the following JavaScript shows a naive attempt to measure the time it takes to fully load a page:

The script calculates the time it takes to load the page after the first bit of JavaScript in the head is executed, but it does not give any information about the time it takes to get the page from the server.

To address the need for complete and detailed information on the navigation of the document, the Navigation Timingspecification defines the PerformanceTiminginterface. This interface allows JavaScript mechanisms to provide complete client-side latency measurements within applications.

However, the PerformanceTiminginterface was not defined to provide data in sub-millisecond resolution, which can be useful for analysis purposes. Further, the PerformanceTiming interface does not participate in the Performance Timeline, a unifying interface to access and retrieve performance metrics from the performance timeline of a web application.

Additionally, the PerformanceTiminginterface measures the time of its attributes from January 01 1970, leading to very large numbers representing the time values.

For example, if we know that the response end occurs 100ms after the start of navigation, we may find data that the the PerformanceTiming data looks like so:

navigationStart: 1314223489190 responseEnd: 1314223489290

This specification defines the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface which participates in the Performance Timelineto store and retrieve high resolution performance metric data related to the navigation of a document. As the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface uses High Resolution Time, all time values are measured from the start of the navigation.

For example, if we know that the response end occurs 100ms after the start of navigation, we may find data that the the PerformanceNavigationTiming data looks like so:

navigationStart: 0.000 responseEnd: 100.000

The following script shows how a developer can use the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface to obtain accurate timing data related to the navigation of the document.

2 Conformance requirements

All diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. For readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.

Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms (such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and abort these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the algorithm.

Some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on attributes, methods or objects. Such requirements are to be interpreted as requirements on user agents.

Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to be performant.)

The IDL fragments in this specification must be interpreted as required for conforming IDL fragments, as described in the Web IDL specification. [Web IDL]

3 Terminology

The construction "a Foo object", where Foo is actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of the more accurate "an object implementing the interface Foo".

The term "navigation" refers to the act ofnavigating.

The term "JavaScript" is used to refer toECMA-262, rather than the official term ECMAScript, since the term JavaScript is more widely known.

4 Navigation Timing

4.1 Introduction

This section is non-normative.

This specification defines the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface to store and retrieve high resolution performance metric data related to the navigation of a document.

4.2 The PerformanceNavigationTiming interface

interface PerformanceNavigationTiming : PerformanceEntry { readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp navigationStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp unloadEventStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp unloadEventEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp linkNegotiationStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp linkNegotiationEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp redirectStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp redirectEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp fetchStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domainLookupStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domainLookupEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp connectStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp connectEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp secureConnectionStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp requestStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp responseStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp responseEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domLoading; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domInteractive; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domContentLoadedEventStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domContentLoadedEventEnd; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp domComplete; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp loadEventStart; readonly attribute DOMHighResTimeStamp loadEventEnd;

readonly attribute DOMString type; // "navigate", "reload", "back_forward" readonly attribute unsigned short redirectCount; };

The PerformanceNavigationTiming interface participates in the Performance Timeline and extends the following attributes of the PerformanceEntry interface:

The name attribute MUST return the DOMString document.

The entryType attribute MUST return the DOMString navigation.

The startTime attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStamp with a time value of 0.

The duration attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStamp equal to the difference between loadEventEnd and navigationStart, respectively.

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent finishes prompting to unload the previous document. If there is no previous document, this attribute MUST return the same value as fetchStart.

unloadEventStart attribute

If the previous document and the current document have the sameorigin[IETF RFC 6454], this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent starts the unloadevent of the previous document. If there is no previous document or the previous document has a different origin than the current document, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero.

unloadEventEnd attribute

If the previous document and the current document have the same same origin, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent finishes theunloadevent of the previous document. If there is no previous document or the previous document has a different origin than the current document or the unload is not yet completed, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero.

If there are HTTP redirectsor equivalentwhen navigating and not all the redirects or equivalent are from the same origin, both unloadEventStart andunloadEventEnd MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero.

linkNegotiationStart attribute

This attribute is optional. User agents that don't have this attribute available MUST set it as undefined. If the network interface is not immediately available and must be powered on, or cycled, before a network connection can be made, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStamp with a time value equal to the time immediately before starting that process. If the network interface is immediately available, this attribute MUST return the same value as navigationStart.

linkNegotiationEnd attribute

This attribute is optional. User agents that don't have this attribute available MUST set it as undefined. If the network interface is not immediately available and must be powered on, or cycled, before a network connection can be made, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStamp with a time value equal to the time immediately after the network interface becomes available. If the network interface is immediately available, this attribute MUST return the same value as navigationStart.

redirectStart attribute

If there are HTTP redirectsor equivalentwhen navigating and if all the redirects or equivalent are from the same origin, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the starting time of the fetch that initiates the redirect. Otherwise, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero.

redirectEnd attribute

If there are HTTP redirectsor equivalentwhen navigating and all redirects and equivalents are from the same origin, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after receiving the last byte of the response of the last redirect. Otherwise, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero.

fetchStart attribute

If the new resource is to befetched using HTTP GETor equivalent, fetchStart MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent starts checking any relevant application caches. Otherwise, it MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time when the user agent starts fetching the resource.

domainLookupStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent starts the domain name lookup for the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC 2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute MUST return the same value as fetchStart.

domainLookupEnd attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent finishes the domain name lookup for the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC 2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute MUST return the same value as fetchStart.

This section is non-normative.

Checking and retrieving contents from theHTTP cache [RFC 2616] is part of the fetching process. It's covered by therequestStart, responseStart andresponseEnd attributes.

In case where the user agent already has the domain information in cache, domainLookupStart and domainLookupEnd represent the times when the user agent starts and ends the domain data retrieval from the cache.

connectStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent start establishing the connection to the server to retrieve the document. If a persistent connection [RFC 2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute MUST return value of domainLookupEnd.

connectEnd attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent finishes establishing the connection to the server to retrieve the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC 2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute MUST return the value of domainLookupEnd

If the transport connection fails and the user agent reopens a connection,connectStart andconnectEnd should return the corresponding values of the new connection.

connectEnd MUST include the time interval to establish the transport connection as well as other time interval such as SSL handshake and SOCKS authentication.

secureConnectionStart attribute

This attribute is optional. User agents that don't have this attribute available MUST set it as undefined. When this attribute is available, if thescheme of the current page is HTTPS, this attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent starts the handshake process to secure the current connection. If this attribute is available but HTTPS is not used, this attribute MUST return zero.

requestStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent starts requesting the current document from the server, or fromrelevant application caches or from local resources.

If the transport connection fails after a request is sent and the user agent reopens a connection and resend the request, requestStart SHOULD return the corresponding values of the new request.

This interface does not include an attribute to represent the completion of sending the request, e.g., requestEnd.

responseStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent receives the first byte of the response from the server, or fromrelevant application caches or from local resources.

responseEnd attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the user agent receives the last byte of the current document or immediately before the transport connection is closed, whichever comes first. The document here can be received either from the server,relevant application caches or from local resources.

domLoading attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent sets thecurrent document readiness to "loading".

domInteractive attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent sets thecurrent document readiness to"interactive".

domContentLoadedEventStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent fires the DOMContentLoaded event at the Document.

domContentLoadedEventEnd attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately after the document's DOMContentLoaded event completes.

domComplete attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the user agent sets thecurrent document readiness to "complete".

If the current document readiness changes to the same state multiple times,domLoading,domInteractive,domContentLoadedEventStart,domContentLoadedEventEnd anddomComplete MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time of the first occurrence of the correspondingdocument readinesschange.

loadEventStart attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time immediately before the load event of the current document is fired. It MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero when the load event is not fired yet.

loadEventEnd attribute

This attribute MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to the time when the load event of the current document is completed. It MUST return a DOMHighResTimeStampwith a time value equal to zero when the load event is not fired or is not completed.

type attribute

This attribute MUST return the a DOMString describing the type of the last non-redirect navigationin the current browsing context. It MUST have one of the following DOMString navigation type values.

navigate

Navigation started by clicking on a link, or entering the URL in the user agent's address bar, or form submission, or initializing through a script operation other than the ones used by reload and back_forward as listed below.

reload

Navigation through the reload operation or thelocation.reload() method.

back_forward

Navigation through a history traversal operation.

Client-side redirects, such as those using the Refresh pragma directive, are not considered HTTP redirects or equivalent by this spec. In those cases, the type attribute should return appropriate value, such as reload if reloading the current page, ornavigate if navigating to a new URL.

redirectCount attribute

This attribute MUST return the number of redirects since the last non-redirect navigation under the current browsing context. If there is no redirect or there is any redirect that is not from the sameorigin as the destination document, this attribute MUST return zero.

5 Process

5.1 Processing Model

This illustration is non-normative.

The following graph illustrates the timing attributes defined by the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface with or without redirect, respectively. Attributes underlined may not be available in navigation involving documents from different origins. User agents may perform internal processing in between timings, which allow for non-normative intervals between timings.

Promptforunload Negotiatelink redirect Appcache DNS TCP Request Response Processing load DOMContentLoaded unload (linkNegotiationStart) navigationStart (linkNegotiationEnd) redirectStart fetchStart redirectEnd domainLookupStart domainLookupEnd connectStart (secureConnectionStart) connectEnd requestStart responseStart responseEnd domComplete loadEventEnd loadEventStart domLoading domInteractive domContentLoadedEventStart domContentLoadedEventEnd unloadEventStart unloadEventEnd

  1. If the navigation is aborted for any of the following reasons, abort these steps.
    1. The navigation is aborted due to thesandboxed navigation browsing context flag or thesandboxed top-level navigation browsing context flag, or a preexist attempt to navigate the browsing context.
    2. The navigation is caused by fragment identifiers within the page.
    3. The new resource is to be handled by some sort of inline content.
    4. The new resource is to be handled using a mechanism that does not affect the browsing context.
    5. The user refuses to allow the document to be unloaded.
  2. Create a new PerformanceNavigationTiming object.
  3. Set name to the DOMString document.
  4. Set entryType to the DOMString navigation.
  5. Set startTime to a DOMHighResTimeStamp with a time value of zero.
  6. Immediately after the user agent prompts to unload the previous document, record the current time as navigationStart.
  7. Record the current navigation type in type if it has not been set:
    1. If the navigation was started by clicking on a link, or entering the URL in the user agent's address bar, or form submission, or initializing through a script operation other than thelocation.reload() method, let the navigation type be the DOMSTring navigate.
    2. If the navigation was started either as a result of ameta refresh, or the location.reload() method, or other equivalent actions, let the navigation type be the DOMString reload.
    3. If the navigation was started as a result ofhistory traversal, let the navigation type be the DOMString back_forward.
  8. If the current document and the previous document are from different origins, set both unloadEventStart and unloadEventEnd to 0 then go to step10. Otherwise, record unloadEventStart as the time immediately before the unload event.
  9. Immediately after the unload event is completed, record the current time as unloadEventEnd.
  10. If the navigation requires the network interface to be powered on or cycled, record the time immediately before doing that as linkNegotiationStart, and record the time immediately after the network interface becomes available as linkNegotiationEnd. If the network interface was immediately available, let linkNegotiationStart and linkNegotiationEnd be the same value as navigationStart.
  11. If the new resource is to be fetched using HTTP GETor equivalent, immediately before a user agent checks with the relevant application caches, record the current time asfetchStart. Otherwise, immediately before a user agent starts the fetching process, record the current time as fetchStart.
  12. Let domainLookupStart, domainLookupEnd, connectStart and connectEnd be the same value as fetchStart.
  13. If the resource is fetched from the relevant application cache or local resources, including theHTTP cache, go to step 18.
  14. If no domain lookup is required, go to step 16. Otherwise, immediately before a user agent starts the domain name lookup, record the time as domainLookupStart.
  15. Record the time as domainLookupEnd immediately after the domain name lookup is successfully done. A user agent may need multiple retries before that. If the domain lookup fails, abort the rest of the steps.
  16. If a persistent transport connection is used to fetch the resource, let connectStart andconnectEnd be the same value ofdomainLookupEnd. Otherwise, record the time as connectStart immediately before initiating the connection to the server and record the time asconnectEnd immediately after the connection to the server or the proxy is established. A user agent may need multiple retries before this time. If a connection can not be established, abort the rest of the steps.
  17. In step 16, a user agent should also carry out these additional steps if it supports thesecureConnectionStart attribute:
  18. If the scheme of the current document is HTTPS, the user agent must record the time as secureConnectionStart immediately before the handshake process to secure the connection.
  19. If the scheme of the current document is not HTTPS, the user agent must set the value of secureConnectionStart to 0.
  20. Immediately before a user agent starts sending request for the document, record the current time as requestStart.
  21. Record the time as responseStart immediately after the user agent receives the first byte of the response.
  22. Record the time as responseEnd immediately after receiving the last byte of the response.
    Return to step 16 if the user agent fails to send the request or receive the entire response, and needs to reopen the connection.
    When persistent connection [RFC 2616] is enabled, a user agent may first try to re-use an open connect to send the request while the connection can be asynchronously closed. In such case, connectStart, connectEnd and requestStart should represent timing information collected over the re-open connection.
  23. If the fetched resource results in an HTTP redirector equivalent, then
  24. if the current document and the document that is redirected to are not from the same origin, set redirectStart,redirectEnd,unloadEventStart,unloadEventEnd and redirectCount to 0. Then, return to step 10 with the new resource.
  25. if there is previous redirect involving documents that are not from the same origin, set redirectStart,redirectEnd,unloadEventStart,unloadEventStart and redirectCount to 0. Then, return to step 10 with the new resource.
  26. Increment redirectCount by 1.
  27. If the value of redirectStart is 0, let it be the value of fetchStart.
  28. Let redirectEnd be the value ofresponseEnd.
  29. Set all the attributes in window.performance.timing to 0 exceptnavigationStart,redirectStart,redirectEnd, unloadEventStart andunloadEventEnd.
  30. Return to step 10 with the new resource.
  31. Record the time as domLoading immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "loading".
  32. Record the time as domInteractive immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "interactive".
  33. Record the time as domContentLoadedEventStart immediately before the user agent fires the DOMContentLoaded event at the document.
  34. Record the time as domContentLoadedEventEnd immediately afterthe DOMContentLoaded event completes.
  35. Record the time as domComplete immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "complete".
  36. Record the time as loadEventStart immediately before the user agent fires the load event.
  37. Record the time as loadEventEnd immediately after the user agent completes the load event.
  38. Set the duration to a DOMHighResTimeStamp equal to the difference between loadEventEnd and navigationStart, respectively.

Some user agents maintain the DOM structure of the document in memory during navigation operations such as forward and backward. In those cases, the PerformanceNavigationTiming object must not be altered during the navigation. Also note that the while the graph above suggests that link negotiation happens before handling a redirect or checking the local caches, in some situations, it may happen after those steps. For example, if the current navigation results in a redirect which is present in the local cache, but the target of the redirect is not present in the local cache, the user agent may turn on the network interface after processing the redirect and just before it starts to fetch the redirect target from the network.

5.3 Vendor Prefixes

Vendor-specific proprietary user agent extensions are discouraged. If such extensions are needed, e.g., for experimental purposes, vendors MUST use the following extension mechanisms:

6 Privacy

This section is non-normative.

6.1 Information disclosure

There is the potential for disclosing an end-user's browsing and activity history by using carefully crafted timing attacks. For instance, the unloading time reveals how long the previous page takes to execute its unload handler, which could be used to infer the user's login status. These attacks have been mitigated by enforcing the sameorigin policy when timing information involving the previous navigation is accessed.

The relaxed same origin policy doesn't provide sufficient protection against unauthorized visits across documents. In shared hosting, an untrusted third party is able to host an HTTP server at the same IP address but on a different port.

6.2 Cross-directory access

Different pages sharing one host name, for example contents from different authors hosted on sites with user generated content are considered from the same origin because there is no feature to restrict the access by pathname. Navigating between these pages allows a latter page to access timing information of the previous one, such as timing regarding redirection and unload event.

7 Security

This section is non-normative.

7.1 Detecting proxy servers

In case a proxy is deployed between the user agent and the web server, the time interval between the connectStart and theconnectEnd attributes indicates the delay between the user agent and the proxy instead of the web server. With that, web server can potentially infer the existence of the proxy. For SOCKS proxy, this time interval includes the proxy authentication time and time the proxy takes to connect to the web server, which obfuscate the proxy detection. In case of an HTTP proxy, the user agent might not have any knowledge about the proxy server at all so it's not always feasible to mitigate this attack.

8 References

8.1 Normative References

[IETF RFC 2119]

Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels, Scott Bradner, Author. Internet Engineering Task Force, March 1997. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt.

[IETF RFC 2616]

Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1, R. Fielding et al., Authors. Internet Engineering Task Force, June 1999. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt.

[IETF RFC 6454]

The Web Origin Concept, Adam Barth, Author. Internet Engineering Task Force, December 2011. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6454.txt.

[ECMA-262]

ECMAScript Language Specification, 5.1 Edition. ECMA International, Standard ECMA-262, June 2011. This version of the ECMAScript Language is available from http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm.

[High Resolution Time]

High Resolution Time, Jatinder Mann, Editor. World Wide Web Consortium, December 2012. This version of the High Resolution Time Recommendation is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-hr-time-20121217/. The latest version of High Resolution Time is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/hr-time/.

[HTML5]

HTML5, Robin Berjon et al., Editors. World Wide Web Consortium, December 2012. This version of the HTML5 is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/. The latest editor's draft of HTML5 is available at http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/CR/.

[Performance Timeline]

Performance Timeline, Jatinder Mann, et al, Editors. World Wide Web Consortium, July 2012. This version of the Performance Timeline specification is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-performance-timeline-20120726/. The latest version of Performance Timeline is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/performance-timeline/.

[Web IDL]

Web IDL, Cameron McCormack, Editor. World Wide Web Consortium, April 2012. This version of the Web IDL specification is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/. The latest version of Web IDL is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/WebIDL/.

8.2 Informative References

[JSMEASURE]

Measuring Client-Perceived Response Times on the WWW, R. Rajamony and M. Elnozahy, The Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems (USITS), March 2001.

[Navigation Timing]

Navigation Timing, Zhiheng Wang, Editor. World Wide Web Consortium, December 2012. This edition of the Navigation Timing Recommendation is available from http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-navigation-timing-20121217/. The latest version of Navigation Timing is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/navigation-timing/.

Acknowledgements

We would like to offer my sincere thanks to James Simonsen, Tony Gentilcore, Zhiheng Wang, Karen Anderson and Jason Weber for all their contributions to this work.