HTML5: Edition for Web Authors (original) (raw)
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W3C Working Group Note 28 May 2013
This Version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-html5-author-20130528/
Latest Published Version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-author/
Latest Editor's Draft:
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/
Previous Versions:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-html5-author-20121025/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-html5-author-20120329/
http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-author-20110809/
Editors:
Robin Berjon, W3C
Travis Leithead, Microsoft
Erika Doyle Navara, Microsoft
Theresa O'Connor, Apple Inc.
Previous Editor:
Ian Hickson, Google, Inc.
Copyright © 2013 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
Abstract
This document has been discontinued and is only made available for historical purposes. The HTML specification includes a style switcher that will hide implementer-oriented content.
This document is a strict subset of thefull HTML5 specification that omits user-agent (UA) implementation details. It is targeted toward Web authors and others who are not UA implementors and who want a view of the HTML specification that focuses more precisely on details relevant to using the HTML language to create Web documents and Web applications. Because this document does not provide implementation conformance criteria, UA implementors should not rely on it, but should instead refer to thefull HTML5 specification.
This document is an automated redaction of thefull HTML5 specification. As such, the two documents are supposed to agree on normative matters concerning Web authors. However, if the documents disagree, this is a bug in the redaction process and the unredacted full HTML specification takes precedence. Readers are encouraged to report such discrepancies as bugs in the bug tracking system of the HTML Working Group.
Status of This document
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a manner that is tracked by the W3C, please submit them via using our public bug database. If you cannot do this then you can also e-mail feedback to public-html-comments@w3.org(subscribe,archives), and arrangements will be made to transpose the comments to our public bug database. All feedback is welcome.
The bulk of the text of this specification is also available in the WHATWG Web Applications 1.0 specification, under a license that permits reuse of the specification text.
The working groups maintains a list of all bug reports that the editors have not yet tried to address and a list of issues for which the chairs have not yet declared a decision. These bugs and issues apply to multiple HTML-related specifications, not just this one.
Implementors should be aware that this specification is not stable. Implementors who are not taking part in the discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from under them in incompatible ways. Vendors interested in implementing this specification before it eventually reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage should join the aforementioned mailing lists and take part in the discussions.
Publication as a Working Group Note does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
The latest stable version of the editor's draft of this specification is always available on the W3C CVS server. There are various ways to follow the change history for this specification:
Browsable version-control record of all changes:
Github repository (real-time updates): https://github.com/w3c/html/commits/master
CVSWeb interface (hourly updates): http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/html5/spec/
E-mail notifications of changes:
HTML-Commits mailing list (commit notifications for dev.w3.org/html5): http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html-commits/latest
The W3C HTML Working Group is the W3C working group responsible for this specification's progress along the W3C Recommendation track.
Work on this specification is also done at the WHATWG. The W3C HTML working group actively pursues convergence with the WHATWG, as required by theW3C HTML working group charter. There are various ways to follow this work at the WHATWG:
- Commit-Watchers mailing list (complete source diffs): http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org
- Annotated summary with unified diffs: http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker
- Raw Subversion interface:
svn checkout http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/
This document was produced by a group operating under the5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
Table of Contents
- 1Introduction
- 2 Common infrastructure
- 2.1Terminology
- 2.2 Conformance requirements
- 2.3 Case-sensitivity and string comparison
- 2.4Common microsyntaxes
- 2.4.1Boolean attributes
- 2.4.2 Keywords and enumerated attributes
- 2.4.3 Numbers
1. 2.4.3.1Signed integers
2. 2.4.3.2 Non-negative integers
3. 2.4.3.3 Floating-point numbers
4. 2.4.3.4Lists of integers - 2.4.4Dates and times
1. 2.4.4.1Months
2. 2.4.4.2Dates
3. 2.4.4.3Yearless dates
4. 2.4.4.4Times
5. 2.4.4.5 Local dates and times
6. 2.4.4.6 Time zones
7. 2.4.4.7 Global dates and times
8. 2.4.4.8Weeks
9. 2.4.4.9Durations
10. 2.4.4.10 Vaguer moments in time - 2.4.5Colors
- 2.4.6 Space-separated tokens
- 2.4.7 Comma-separated tokens
- 2.4.8References
- 2.4.9 Media queries
- 2.5 URLs
- 2.6Common DOM interfaces
- 2.7Namespaces
- 3 Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents
- 3.1Documents
- 3.2 Elements
- 3.2.1Semantics
- 3.2.2Elements in the DOM
- 3.2.3 Global attributes
1. 3.2.3.1 Theid attribute
2. 3.2.3.2 The titleattribute
3. 3.2.3.3 The lang andxml:lang attributes
4. 3.2.3.4 The translate attribute
5. 3.2.3.5 The xml:base attribute (XML only)
6. 3.2.3.6 Thedir attribute
7. 3.2.3.7The class attribute
8. 3.2.3.8The style attribute
9. 3.2.3.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-*attributes - 3.2.4Element definitions
1. 3.2.4.1Attributes - 3.2.5 Content models
1. 3.2.5.1Kinds of content
1. 3.2.5.1.1 Metadata content
2. 3.2.5.1.2Flow content
3. 3.2.5.1.3 Sectioning content
4. 3.2.5.1.4Heading content
5. 3.2.5.1.5 Phrasing content
6. 3.2.5.1.6 Embedded content
7. 3.2.5.1.7 Interactive content
8. 3.2.5.1.8 Palpable content
2. 3.2.5.2 Transparent content models
3. 3.2.5.3Paragraphs - 3.2.6 Requirements relating to bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters
- 3.2.7 WAI-ARIA
1. 3.2.7.1 ARIA Role Attribute
2. 3.2.7.2 State and Property Attributes
3. 3.2.7.3 Strong Native Semantics
4. 3.2.7.4 Implicit ARIA Semantics
- 3.3Dynamic markup insertion
- 4 The elements of HTML
- 4.1 The root element
- 4.2Document metadata
- 4.2.1 Thehead element
- 4.2.2 Thetitle element
- 4.2.3 Thebase element
- 4.2.4 Thelink element
- 4.2.5The meta element
1. 4.2.5.1 Standard metadata names
2. 4.2.5.2 Other metadata names
3. 4.2.5.3Pragma directives
4. 4.2.5.4 Other pragma directives
5. 4.2.5.5Specifying the document's character encoding - 4.2.6 Thestyle element
- 4.2.7 Styling
- 4.3Scripting
- 4.4 Sections
- 4.4.1 Thebody element
- 4.4.2 Thesection element
- 4.4.3 Thenav element
- 4.4.4 Thearticle element
- 4.4.5 Theaside element
- 4.4.6 The h1, h2,h3, h4, h5, andh6 elements
- 4.4.7 Thehgroup element
- 4.4.8 Theheader element
- 4.4.9 Thefooter element
- 4.4.10 Theaddress element
- 4.4.11Headings and sections
1. 4.4.11.1Creating an outline
- 4.5Grouping content
- 4.6Text-level semantics
- 4.6.1 The a element
- 4.6.2 Theem element
- 4.6.3 Thestrong element
- 4.6.4 Thesmall element
- 4.6.5 The s element
- 4.6.6 Thecite element
- 4.6.7 The q element
- 4.6.8 Thedfn element
- 4.6.9 Theabbr element
- 4.6.10 Thetime element
- 4.6.11 Thecode element
- 4.6.12 Thevar element
- 4.6.13 Thesamp element
- 4.6.14 Thekbd element
- 4.6.15 The sub and supelements
- 4.6.16 The i element
- 4.6.17 The b element
- 4.6.18 The u element
- 4.6.19 Themark element
- 4.6.20 Theruby element
- 4.6.21 Thert element
- 4.6.22 Therp element
- 4.6.23 Thebdi element
- 4.6.24 Thebdo element
- 4.6.25 Thespan element
- 4.6.26 Thebr element
- 4.6.27 Thewbr element
- 4.6.28Usage summary
- 4.7 Edits
- 4.8Embedded content
- 4.8.1 Theimg element
1. 4.8.1.1 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images
1. 4.8.1.1.1 General guidelines
2. 4.8.1.1.2 A link or button containing nothing but the image
3. 4.8.1.1.3 A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations
4. 4.8.1.1.4 A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos
5. 4.8.1.1.5 Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect
6. 4.8.1.1.6 A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text
7. 4.8.1.1.7 A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information
8. 4.8.1.1.8 A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links
9. 4.8.1.1.9 A group of images that form a single larger picture with links
10. 4.8.1.1.10 A key part of the content
11. 4.8.1.1.11 An image not intended for the user - 4.8.2 Theiframe element
- 4.8.3 Theembed element
- 4.8.4 Theobject element
- 4.8.5 Theparam element
- 4.8.6The video element
- 4.8.7The audio element
- 4.8.8 Thesource element
- 4.8.9 Thetrack element
- 4.8.10Media elements
1. 4.8.10.1Error codes
2. 4.8.10.2 Location of the media resource
3. 4.8.10.3 MIME types
4. 4.8.10.4Network states
5. 4.8.10.5 Loading the media resource
6. 4.8.10.6 Offsets into the media resource
7. 4.8.10.7Ready states
8. 4.8.10.8 Playing the media resource
9. 4.8.10.9Seeking
10. 4.8.10.10 Media resources with multiple media tracks
1. 4.8.10.10.1 AudioTrackList andVideoTrackList objects
2. 4.8.10.10.2 Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively
11. 4.8.10.11 Synchronising multiple media elements
1. 4.8.10.11.1 Introduction
2. 4.8.10.11.2 Media controllers
3. 4.8.10.11.3 Assigning a media controller declaratively
12. 4.8.10.12 Timed text tracks
1. 4.8.10.12.1 Text track model
2. 4.8.10.12.2 Sourcing in-band text tracks
3. 4.8.10.12.3 Text track API
4. 4.8.10.12.4 Text tracks describing chapters
13. 4.8.10.13User interface
14. 4.8.10.14Time ranges
15. 4.8.10.15 Event definitions
16. 4.8.10.16Event summary
17. 4.8.10.17 Best practices for authors using media elements - 4.8.11The canvas element
- 4.8.12 Themap element
- 4.8.13 Thearea element
- 4.8.14 Image maps
- 4.8.15MathML
- 4.8.16 SVG
- 4.8.17Dimension attributes
- 4.8.1 Theimg element
- 4.9 Tabular data
- 4.9.1 Thetable element
1. 4.9.1.1 Techniques for describing tables
2. 4.9.1.2 Techniques for table layout - 4.9.2 Thecaption element
- 4.9.3 Thecolgroup element
- 4.9.4 Thecol element
- 4.9.5 Thetbody element
- 4.9.6 Thethead element
- 4.9.7 Thetfoot element
- 4.9.8 Thetr element
- 4.9.9 Thetd element
- 4.9.10 Theth element
- 4.9.11 Attributes common to td andth elements
- 4.9.12Examples
- 4.9.1 Thetable element
- 4.10 Forms
- 4.10.1Introduction
1. 4.10.1.1 Writing a form's user interface
2. 4.10.1.2 Implementing the server-side processing for a form
3. 4.10.1.3 Configuring a form to communicate with a server
4. 4.10.1.4 Client-side form validation
5. 4.10.1.5 Date, time, and number formats - 4.10.2Categories
- 4.10.3 Theform element
- 4.10.4 Thefieldset element
- 4.10.5 Thelegend element
- 4.10.6 Thelabel element
- 4.10.7 Theinput element
1. 4.10.7.1 States of the type attribute
1. 4.10.7.1.1 Hidden state (type=hidden)
2. 4.10.7.1.2 Text (type=text) state and Search state (type=search)
3. 4.10.7.1.3 Telephone state (type=tel)
4. 4.10.7.1.4 URL state (type=url)
5. 4.10.7.1.5 E-mail state (type=email)
6. 4.10.7.1.6 Password state (type=password)
7. 4.10.7.1.7 Date and Time state (type=datetime)
8. 4.10.7.1.8 Date state (type=date)
9. 4.10.7.1.9 Month state (type=month)
10. 4.10.7.1.10 Week state (type=week)
11. 4.10.7.1.11 Time state (type=time)
12. 4.10.7.1.12 Local Date and Time state (type=datetime-local)
13. 4.10.7.1.13 Number state (type=number)
14. 4.10.7.1.14 Range state (type=range)
15. 4.10.7.1.15 Color state (type=color)
16. 4.10.7.1.16 Checkbox state (type=checkbox)
17. 4.10.7.1.17 Radio Button state (type=radio)
18. 4.10.7.1.18 File Upload state (type=file)
19. 4.10.7.1.19 Submit Button state (type=submit)
20. 4.10.7.1.20 Image Button state (type=image)
21. 4.10.7.1.21 Reset Button state (type=reset)
22. 4.10.7.1.22 Button state (type=button)
2. 4.10.7.2 Common input element attributes
1. 4.10.7.2.1 The autocomplete attribute
2. 4.10.7.2.2 The dirname attribute
3. 4.10.7.2.3 The list attribute
4. 4.10.7.2.4 The readonly attribute
5. 4.10.7.2.5 The size attribute
6. 4.10.7.2.6 The required attribute
7. 4.10.7.2.7 The multiple attribute
8. 4.10.7.2.8 The maxlength attribute
9. 4.10.7.2.9 The pattern attribute
10. 4.10.7.2.10 The min and max attributes
11. 4.10.7.2.11 The step attribute
12. 4.10.7.2.12 The placeholder attribute
3. 4.10.7.3 Common input element APIs - 4.10.8 Thebutton element
- 4.10.9 Theselect element
- 4.10.10The datalist element
- 4.10.11The optgroup element
- 4.10.12 Theoption element
- 4.10.13The textarea element
- 4.10.14 Thekeygen element
- 4.10.15 Theoutput element
- 4.10.16The progress element
- 4.10.17 Themeter element
- 4.10.18 Association of controls and forms
- 4.10.19 Attributes common to form controls
1. 4.10.19.1 Naming form controls
2. 4.10.19.2 Enabling and disabling form controls
3. 4.10.19.3 Autofocusing a form control
4. 4.10.19.4 Limiting user input length
5. 4.10.19.5Form submission
6. 4.10.19.6 Submitting element directionality - 4.10.20 APIs for the text field selections
- 4.10.21Constraints
1. 4.10.21.1Definitions
2. 4.10.21.2 The constraint validation API
3. 4.10.21.3Security - 4.10.22 Form submission
1. 4.10.22.1 URL-encoded form data
2. 4.10.22.2 Plain text form data
- 4.10.1Introduction
- 4.11Interactive elements
- 4.12 Links
- 4.12.1Introduction
- 4.12.2 Links created by a andarea elements
- 4.12.3 Downloading resources
- 4.12.4 Link types
1. 4.12.4.1Link type "alternate"
2. 4.12.4.3Link type "bookmark"
3. 4.12.4.4 Link type "help"
4. 4.12.4.5 Link type "icon"
5. 4.12.4.6Link type "license"
6. 4.12.4.7Link type "nofollow"
7. 4.12.4.8Link type "noreferrer"
8. 4.12.4.9Link type "prefetch"
9. 4.12.4.10Link type "search"
10. 4.12.4.11 Link type "stylesheet"
11. 4.12.4.12 Link type "tag"
12. 4.12.4.13 Sequential link types
1. 4.12.4.13.1Link type "next"
2. 4.12.4.13.2Link type "prev"
13. 4.12.4.14 Other link types
- 4.13 Common idioms without dedicated elements
- 5 Loading Web pages
- 6 Web application APIs
- 7 User interaction
- 8 The HTML syntax
- 8.1 Writing HTML documents
- 8.1.1 The DOCTYPE
- 8.1.2Elements
1. 8.1.2.1 Start tags
2. 8.1.2.2 End tags
3. 8.1.2.3Attributes
4. 8.1.2.4Optional tags
5. 8.1.2.5 Restrictions on content models
6. 8.1.2.6 Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA elements - 8.1.3 Text
1. 8.1.3.1Newlines - 8.1.4 Character references
- 8.1.5CDATA sections
- 8.1.6Comments
- 8.2Named character references
- 8.1 Writing HTML documents
- 9 The XHTML syntax
- 10 Obsolete features
- 10.1 Obsolete but conforming features
- 10.2 Non-conforming features
- 11 IANA considerations
- 11.1 text/html
- 11.2 multipart/x-mixed-replace
- 11.3 application/xhtml+xml
- 11.4 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- 11.5 text/cache-manifest
- 11.6 web+ scheme prefix
- Index
- Elements
- Element content categories
- Attributes
- Element Interfaces
- All Interfaces
- Events
- Index of terms
- References
- Acknowledgements