Muhammad Hasnain | Bahauddin Zakriya university Multan (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Hasnain

Transactions on internet and information systems, Mar 31, 2024

Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing p... more Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing process comprises of three steps: generation, execution, and evaluation of test cases. Literature claims the usage of single and multiple 'Unified Modeling Language' (UML) diagrams to generate test cases. Using multiple UML diagrams increases test case coverage. However, the existing approaches show limitations in test case generation from UML diagrams. Therefore, in this research study, we propose an approach to generate the test cases using UML State Chart Diagram (SCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and Sequence Diagram (SD). The proposed approach transforms UML diagrams into intermediate forms: SCD Graph, AD Graph, and SD Graph respectively. Furthermore, by integrating these three graphs, a System Testing Graph (STG) is formed. Finally, test cases are identified from STG by using a traversal algorithm such as Depth First Search (DFS) that is an optimization method. The results show that the proposed approach is better compared to existing approaches in terms of coverage and performance. Moreover, the generated test cases have the ability to detect faults at the unit level, integration, and system level testing.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Nov 2, 2023

Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea... more Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea fertilizer thereby delaying its consequent reactions in soil. The use of zinc salt as coating material causes slow dissolution of urea due to physical impact and hence minimizes immediate urea hydrolysis, ammonia (NH 3) volatilization and enhances N utilization in crop production. The current investigation studied the impact of Bioactive Zincated urea on NH 3 losses, yield parameters and quality traits of maize and rice crops grown under field conditions. Treatments included Bioactive zincated urea (ZU) was applied at 100%, 90% and 80% of recommended N rates (RNR) (125 and 160 kg N ha-1 for rice and maize, respectively) having a control (zero N application), conventional urea at RNR (CU 100) without Zn and along with Zn (CU+Zn) treatments. The NH 3 losses were recorded at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after application of each split application of N treatments. The results indicated 117 and 6% increase in maize grain and 167 and 2.7% in total paddy yield as compared to control (no Zn) and CU+Zn, respectively while the corresponding increase in grain Zn concentration was 37 and 15% in maize and 25 and 14% in rice, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding grain N increases were 16 and 22%. Furthermore, ZU 100 application markedly decreased NH 3 volatilization (5 to 14% in maize and 2 to 24% in rice field) as compared to CU 100. The studies clearly elucidates the effectiveness of Bioactive zincated urea in increasing yield and quality of crops (rice and maize); the lower N application

Global social sciences review, Mar 30, 2022

Frontiers in Plant Science, Oct 10, 2022

and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, thi... more and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, this paper reviews current literature regarding adverse climate change impacts on agricultural productivity, associated main issues, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable productivity of agriculture to ensure food security in Asia. Flowing opportunities such as altering sowing time and planting density of crops, crop rotation with legumes, agroforestry, mixed livestock systems, climate resilient plants, livestock and fish breeds, farming of monogastric livestock, early warning systems and decision support systems, carbon sequestration, climate, water, energy, and soil smart technologies, and promotion of biodiversity have the potential to reduce the negative e ects of climate change.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 13, 2020

Hepatitis B is a never-ending infectious disease that poses a challenge to general well-being aro... more Hepatitis B is a never-ending infectious disease that poses a challenge to general well-being around the world, as do tuberculosis, HIV and intestinal diseases. The International Coalition for the Elimination of HBV is an alliance of specialists devoted to accelerating revelation of the cure for hepatitis B on an ongoing basis. After extensive discussions by more than 56 researchers from around world, as well as key partners, counting people influenced by HBV, authors have recognized openings in our information about ebb and flow and the novel methodologies and devices that are needed to accomplish HBV repair. Our current research was conducted at BVH Bahawalpur from April 2018 to March 2019. We accept that the review must emphasis on disclosure of intervention techniques that will cost-effectively decrease sum of contaminated cells forever or silence covalently locked DNA in these cells, and that would reinvigorate invulnerable host responses, explicit for HBV, that reflect the unconstrained goals of HBV disease. Similarly, there is a need to create an archive of institutionalized HBV substances and conventions that may be retrieved by altogether scientists worldwide. Examination of the current HBV situation will make an extraordinary contribution to purpose of abolishing HBV disease globally.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 22, 2019

Background: Goal of remote bodies (FB) in tracheobronchial tree remains a constant test to otorhi... more Background: Goal of remote bodies (FB) in tracheobronchial tree remains a constant test to otorhinolaryngologists, serious issues being their precise analysis and auspicious just as protected expulsion. Analytic and restorative bronchoscopy remains the highest quality level in their administration. Objective: The target of this investigation was to recognize clinical and statistic highlights of the patients, kinds of remote bodies and the utilization of unbending bronchoscopy in their administration. Patients and Methods: This was a multiyear illustrative investigation which was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from February 2017 to June 2018. All patients experienced physical and radiological appraisal and those with the largest amount of doubt of having remote bodies in tracheobronchial tree, experienced analytic and remedial bronchoscopy. Results: Inflexible bronchoscopy was done in sixty-six patients, of which 52 (78 %) were male. Fifty-two out of sixty-two (82%) patients were under five years old. Forty-two patients were conceded inside twenty-four hours after desire. The most widely recognized clinical discoveries were drawn out termination (42%), decreased air section on the influenced side (24%), sternal withdrawal (20%), strange auscultation (40%), wheezing (62%) and fever (58%). FBs were found in 62 (94%) patients. 42(68%) had FBs in right bronchi and 20 (32%) in left bronchi. Creepy crawly nuts (39%) and peanuts (24%) were the most well-known FBs. Conclusion: Patients particularly youngsters, with safe or repetitive lower respiratory tract contaminations and those with a high level of doubt must experience bronchoscopic assessment. Unbending bronchoscopy is a successful strategy to securely expel FBs from proximal divisions of principle bronchi.

Transactions on internet and information systems, Mar 31, 2024

Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing p... more Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing process comprises of three steps: generation, execution, and evaluation of test cases. Literature claims the usage of single and multiple 'Unified Modeling Language' (UML) diagrams to generate test cases. Using multiple UML diagrams increases test case coverage. However, the existing approaches show limitations in test case generation from UML diagrams. Therefore, in this research study, we propose an approach to generate the test cases using UML State Chart Diagram (SCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and Sequence Diagram (SD). The proposed approach transforms UML diagrams into intermediate forms: SCD Graph, AD Graph, and SD Graph respectively. Furthermore, by integrating these three graphs, a System Testing Graph (STG) is formed. Finally, test cases are identified from STG by using a traversal algorithm such as Depth First Search (DFS) that is an optimization method. The results show that the proposed approach is better compared to existing approaches in terms of coverage and performance. Moreover, the generated test cases have the ability to detect faults at the unit level, integration, and system level testing.

Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most important fodder crop grown worldwide. The present research... more Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most important fodder crop grown worldwide. The present research work was carried out at the research area of MNS university of Agriculture, Multan. Twenty ryegrass accessions were sown in three replications following a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes significant for all traits instead of fresh fodder yield and dry fodder yield. The genotypes 193145 and 196538 showed best results for most of the traits studied. The phenotypic and genotypic positive and significant association of plant height, leaf area and dry weight with fresh fodder yield was observed. Dry fodder yield had a positive and significant association with plant height and leaf area, fresh weight, crude protein and ash contents at genotypic level. So, the dry weight had highest positive direct effect on fresh fodder yield followed by number of tillers. Leaf area and crude protein was negative direct effect on fresh fodder yield. The highest positive indirect effect by crude protein via dry fodder yield followed by number of tillers and leaf area. It was concluded that plant height, number of tilers, plant height, leaf area and dry weight will be used as selection criteria for improving the fodder yield.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Minerva cardiology and angiology, Dec 1, 2022

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of an aortic a... more Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of an aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection following fluoroquinolone administration. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for controlled studies including adult patients exposed to fluoroquinolones with a primary outcome of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. Results: The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates of four controlled observational studies (one case-control, one case-crossover and two cohort studies). Fluoroquinolone administration more than doubled the risk to develop aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection within 60 days following fluoroquinolone exposure (adjusted relative risk [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.14 (1.93-2.36); I2 = 15.8%). The quality of the finding was rated as moderate. The risk increase for aortic aneurysm alone was found to be significant (adjusted RR (95% CI) = 2.23 (2.01-2.45); I2 = 0 %) while the risk increase for aortic dissection alone was not found to be significant (adjusted RR = 1.88 (0.11-3.65); I2 = 74 %). In subgroup analysis, the risk increase for aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection appeared to be higher in females compared to males (RR = 1.87 (1.24-2.51); I2 = 0 % versus RR = 1.58 (1.25-1.92); I2 = 0%, respectively) and higher in older patients compared to younger patients (RR = 1.72 (1.37-2.07); I2 = 0% versus RR = 1.47 (0.91-2.04); I2 = 0%, respectively). Subgroup analysis of two studies which measured the duration-response analysis found that as the duration of fluoroquinolone therapy increased from 3 to 14 days to greater than 14 days, there was an increased risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis confirm the positive association between fluoroquinolones and the development of aortic aneurysm or dissection. The data tend to show that this association may be majorly driven by aortic aneurysm. Additionally, some risk factors appear to prevail including prolonged fluoroquinolone treatment and older age.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Nov 2, 2023

Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea... more Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea fertilizer thereby delaying its consequent reactions in soil. The use of zinc salt as coating material causes slow dissolution of urea due to physical impact and hence minimizes immediate urea hydrolysis, ammonia (NH 3) volatilization and enhances N utilization in crop production. The current investigation studied the impact of Bioactive Zincated urea on NH 3 losses, yield parameters and quality traits of maize and rice crops grown under field conditions. Treatments included Bioactive zincated urea (ZU) was applied at 100%, 90% and 80% of recommended N rates (RNR) (125 and 160 kg N ha-1 for rice and maize, respectively) having a control (zero N application), conventional urea at RNR (CU 100) without Zn and along with Zn (CU+Zn) treatments. The NH 3 losses were recorded at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after application of each split application of N treatments. The results indicated 117 and 6% increase in maize grain and 167 and 2.7% in total paddy yield as compared to control (no Zn) and CU+Zn, respectively while the corresponding increase in grain Zn concentration was 37 and 15% in maize and 25 and 14% in rice, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding grain N increases were 16 and 22%. Furthermore, ZU 100 application markedly decreased NH 3 volatilization (5 to 14% in maize and 2 to 24% in rice field) as compared to CU 100. The studies clearly elucidates the effectiveness of Bioactive zincated urea in increasing yield and quality of crops (rice and maize); the lower N application

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Sep 7, 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of cervical ribs on chest radiographs of asymptomatic candi... more Objective: To determine the frequency of cervical ribs on chest radiographs of asymptomatic candidates undergoing medical fitness.

The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) constitute of many programmable modules like Configurati... more The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) constitute of many programmable modules like Configuration Logic Blocks (CLBs), Block Random Access Memories (BRAM), DSP 48 blocks and Input/output (I/O) modules. The CLBs are the main programmable logic units which consist of different number of logic slices and each slice contains different number of LUTs and flips flops depending upon the FPGA device family. The CLBs and DSP 48 blocks are the most expensive resources on the FPGA and are used wisely in the design of FPGA based system. In most of FPGA based DSP applications, CLB's and DSP 48 blocks are utilized in implementing algorithmic logic and digital filters whereas the BRAM remains unutilized. The non utilization of FPGA resources like BRAM motivates to implement various DSP module like filters (FIR or IIR) using BRAM. The Distributed Arithmetic (DA) is a technique which can be used to implement digital FIR and IIR filters. The DA logic replaces the MAC operation of convolution summation of any digital filter (IIR or FIR) into a bit serial look up table read and addition operation. Hence by implementation of digital filters using DA, expansive FPGA resources like DSP 48 block can be saved and used to implement the algorithmic logic for DSP algorithms. The research paper presents an efficient method for hardware implementation of digital filters (IIR and FIR) of any order by exploiting Distributed Arithmetic (DA). This paper presents critical analysis and optimization provided by the purposed design with respect to its conventional DA based design.

Transactions on internet and information systems, Mar 31, 2024

Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing p... more Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing process comprises of three steps: generation, execution, and evaluation of test cases. Literature claims the usage of single and multiple 'Unified Modeling Language' (UML) diagrams to generate test cases. Using multiple UML diagrams increases test case coverage. However, the existing approaches show limitations in test case generation from UML diagrams. Therefore, in this research study, we propose an approach to generate the test cases using UML State Chart Diagram (SCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and Sequence Diagram (SD). The proposed approach transforms UML diagrams into intermediate forms: SCD Graph, AD Graph, and SD Graph respectively. Furthermore, by integrating these three graphs, a System Testing Graph (STG) is formed. Finally, test cases are identified from STG by using a traversal algorithm such as Depth First Search (DFS) that is an optimization method. The results show that the proposed approach is better compared to existing approaches in terms of coverage and performance. Moreover, the generated test cases have the ability to detect faults at the unit level, integration, and system level testing.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Nov 2, 2023

Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea... more Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea fertilizer thereby delaying its consequent reactions in soil. The use of zinc salt as coating material causes slow dissolution of urea due to physical impact and hence minimizes immediate urea hydrolysis, ammonia (NH 3) volatilization and enhances N utilization in crop production. The current investigation studied the impact of Bioactive Zincated urea on NH 3 losses, yield parameters and quality traits of maize and rice crops grown under field conditions. Treatments included Bioactive zincated urea (ZU) was applied at 100%, 90% and 80% of recommended N rates (RNR) (125 and 160 kg N ha-1 for rice and maize, respectively) having a control (zero N application), conventional urea at RNR (CU 100) without Zn and along with Zn (CU+Zn) treatments. The NH 3 losses were recorded at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after application of each split application of N treatments. The results indicated 117 and 6% increase in maize grain and 167 and 2.7% in total paddy yield as compared to control (no Zn) and CU+Zn, respectively while the corresponding increase in grain Zn concentration was 37 and 15% in maize and 25 and 14% in rice, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding grain N increases were 16 and 22%. Furthermore, ZU 100 application markedly decreased NH 3 volatilization (5 to 14% in maize and 2 to 24% in rice field) as compared to CU 100. The studies clearly elucidates the effectiveness of Bioactive zincated urea in increasing yield and quality of crops (rice and maize); the lower N application

Global social sciences review, Mar 30, 2022

Frontiers in Plant Science, Oct 10, 2022

and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, thi... more and profitability of the rice-wheat cropping system under climate change scenarios. Moreover, this paper reviews current literature regarding adverse climate change impacts on agricultural productivity, associated main issues, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable productivity of agriculture to ensure food security in Asia. Flowing opportunities such as altering sowing time and planting density of crops, crop rotation with legumes, agroforestry, mixed livestock systems, climate resilient plants, livestock and fish breeds, farming of monogastric livestock, early warning systems and decision support systems, carbon sequestration, climate, water, energy, and soil smart technologies, and promotion of biodiversity have the potential to reduce the negative e ects of climate change.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Mar 13, 2020

Hepatitis B is a never-ending infectious disease that poses a challenge to general well-being aro... more Hepatitis B is a never-ending infectious disease that poses a challenge to general well-being around the world, as do tuberculosis, HIV and intestinal diseases. The International Coalition for the Elimination of HBV is an alliance of specialists devoted to accelerating revelation of the cure for hepatitis B on an ongoing basis. After extensive discussions by more than 56 researchers from around world, as well as key partners, counting people influenced by HBV, authors have recognized openings in our information about ebb and flow and the novel methodologies and devices that are needed to accomplish HBV repair. Our current research was conducted at BVH Bahawalpur from April 2018 to March 2019. We accept that the review must emphasis on disclosure of intervention techniques that will cost-effectively decrease sum of contaminated cells forever or silence covalently locked DNA in these cells, and that would reinvigorate invulnerable host responses, explicit for HBV, that reflect the unconstrained goals of HBV disease. Similarly, there is a need to create an archive of institutionalized HBV substances and conventions that may be retrieved by altogether scientists worldwide. Examination of the current HBV situation will make an extraordinary contribution to purpose of abolishing HBV disease globally.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 22, 2019

Background: Goal of remote bodies (FB) in tracheobronchial tree remains a constant test to otorhi... more Background: Goal of remote bodies (FB) in tracheobronchial tree remains a constant test to otorhinolaryngologists, serious issues being their precise analysis and auspicious just as protected expulsion. Analytic and restorative bronchoscopy remains the highest quality level in their administration. Objective: The target of this investigation was to recognize clinical and statistic highlights of the patients, kinds of remote bodies and the utilization of unbending bronchoscopy in their administration. Patients and Methods: This was a multiyear illustrative investigation which was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from February 2017 to June 2018. All patients experienced physical and radiological appraisal and those with the largest amount of doubt of having remote bodies in tracheobronchial tree, experienced analytic and remedial bronchoscopy. Results: Inflexible bronchoscopy was done in sixty-six patients, of which 52 (78 %) were male. Fifty-two out of sixty-two (82%) patients were under five years old. Forty-two patients were conceded inside twenty-four hours after desire. The most widely recognized clinical discoveries were drawn out termination (42%), decreased air section on the influenced side (24%), sternal withdrawal (20%), strange auscultation (40%), wheezing (62%) and fever (58%). FBs were found in 62 (94%) patients. 42(68%) had FBs in right bronchi and 20 (32%) in left bronchi. Creepy crawly nuts (39%) and peanuts (24%) were the most well-known FBs. Conclusion: Patients particularly youngsters, with safe or repetitive lower respiratory tract contaminations and those with a high level of doubt must experience bronchoscopic assessment. Unbending bronchoscopy is a successful strategy to securely expel FBs from proximal divisions of principle bronchi.

Transactions on internet and information systems, Mar 31, 2024

Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing p... more Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing process comprises of three steps: generation, execution, and evaluation of test cases. Literature claims the usage of single and multiple 'Unified Modeling Language' (UML) diagrams to generate test cases. Using multiple UML diagrams increases test case coverage. However, the existing approaches show limitations in test case generation from UML diagrams. Therefore, in this research study, we propose an approach to generate the test cases using UML State Chart Diagram (SCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and Sequence Diagram (SD). The proposed approach transforms UML diagrams into intermediate forms: SCD Graph, AD Graph, and SD Graph respectively. Furthermore, by integrating these three graphs, a System Testing Graph (STG) is formed. Finally, test cases are identified from STG by using a traversal algorithm such as Depth First Search (DFS) that is an optimization method. The results show that the proposed approach is better compared to existing approaches in terms of coverage and performance. Moreover, the generated test cases have the ability to detect faults at the unit level, integration, and system level testing.

Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most important fodder crop grown worldwide. The present research... more Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most important fodder crop grown worldwide. The present research work was carried out at the research area of MNS university of Agriculture, Multan. Twenty ryegrass accessions were sown in three replications following a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes significant for all traits instead of fresh fodder yield and dry fodder yield. The genotypes 193145 and 196538 showed best results for most of the traits studied. The phenotypic and genotypic positive and significant association of plant height, leaf area and dry weight with fresh fodder yield was observed. Dry fodder yield had a positive and significant association with plant height and leaf area, fresh weight, crude protein and ash contents at genotypic level. So, the dry weight had highest positive direct effect on fresh fodder yield followed by number of tillers. Leaf area and crude protein was negative direct effect on fresh fodder yield. The highest positive indirect effect by crude protein via dry fodder yield followed by number of tillers and leaf area. It was concluded that plant height, number of tilers, plant height, leaf area and dry weight will be used as selection criteria for improving the fodder yield.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Minerva cardiology and angiology, Dec 1, 2022

Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of an aortic a... more Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the risk of an aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection following fluoroquinolone administration. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase and Google Scholar were systematically reviewed for controlled studies including adult patients exposed to fluoroquinolones with a primary outcome of aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. Results: The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates of four controlled observational studies (one case-control, one case-crossover and two cohort studies). Fluoroquinolone administration more than doubled the risk to develop aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection within 60 days following fluoroquinolone exposure (adjusted relative risk [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.14 (1.93-2.36); I2 = 15.8%). The quality of the finding was rated as moderate. The risk increase for aortic aneurysm alone was found to be significant (adjusted RR (95% CI) = 2.23 (2.01-2.45); I2 = 0 %) while the risk increase for aortic dissection alone was not found to be significant (adjusted RR = 1.88 (0.11-3.65); I2 = 74 %). In subgroup analysis, the risk increase for aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection appeared to be higher in females compared to males (RR = 1.87 (1.24-2.51); I2 = 0 % versus RR = 1.58 (1.25-1.92); I2 = 0%, respectively) and higher in older patients compared to younger patients (RR = 1.72 (1.37-2.07); I2 = 0% versus RR = 1.47 (0.91-2.04); I2 = 0%, respectively). Subgroup analysis of two studies which measured the duration-response analysis found that as the duration of fluoroquinolone therapy increased from 3 to 14 days to greater than 14 days, there was an increased risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis confirm the positive association between fluoroquinolones and the development of aortic aneurysm or dissection. The data tend to show that this association may be majorly driven by aortic aneurysm. Additionally, some risk factors appear to prevail including prolonged fluoroquinolone treatment and older age.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, Nov 2, 2023

Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea... more Coating materials generally a provide physical barrier to control instant dissolution of the urea fertilizer thereby delaying its consequent reactions in soil. The use of zinc salt as coating material causes slow dissolution of urea due to physical impact and hence minimizes immediate urea hydrolysis, ammonia (NH 3) volatilization and enhances N utilization in crop production. The current investigation studied the impact of Bioactive Zincated urea on NH 3 losses, yield parameters and quality traits of maize and rice crops grown under field conditions. Treatments included Bioactive zincated urea (ZU) was applied at 100%, 90% and 80% of recommended N rates (RNR) (125 and 160 kg N ha-1 for rice and maize, respectively) having a control (zero N application), conventional urea at RNR (CU 100) without Zn and along with Zn (CU+Zn) treatments. The NH 3 losses were recorded at 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after application of each split application of N treatments. The results indicated 117 and 6% increase in maize grain and 167 and 2.7% in total paddy yield as compared to control (no Zn) and CU+Zn, respectively while the corresponding increase in grain Zn concentration was 37 and 15% in maize and 25 and 14% in rice, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding grain N increases were 16 and 22%. Furthermore, ZU 100 application markedly decreased NH 3 volatilization (5 to 14% in maize and 2 to 24% in rice field) as compared to CU 100. The studies clearly elucidates the effectiveness of Bioactive zincated urea in increasing yield and quality of crops (rice and maize); the lower N application

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Sep 7, 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of cervical ribs on chest radiographs of asymptomatic candi... more Objective: To determine the frequency of cervical ribs on chest radiographs of asymptomatic candidates undergoing medical fitness.

The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) constitute of many programmable modules like Configurati... more The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) constitute of many programmable modules like Configuration Logic Blocks (CLBs), Block Random Access Memories (BRAM), DSP 48 blocks and Input/output (I/O) modules. The CLBs are the main programmable logic units which consist of different number of logic slices and each slice contains different number of LUTs and flips flops depending upon the FPGA device family. The CLBs and DSP 48 blocks are the most expensive resources on the FPGA and are used wisely in the design of FPGA based system. In most of FPGA based DSP applications, CLB's and DSP 48 blocks are utilized in implementing algorithmic logic and digital filters whereas the BRAM remains unutilized. The non utilization of FPGA resources like BRAM motivates to implement various DSP module like filters (FIR or IIR) using BRAM. The Distributed Arithmetic (DA) is a technique which can be used to implement digital FIR and IIR filters. The DA logic replaces the MAC operation of convolution summation of any digital filter (IIR or FIR) into a bit serial look up table read and addition operation. Hence by implementation of digital filters using DA, expansive FPGA resources like DSP 48 block can be saved and used to implement the algorithmic logic for DSP algorithms. The research paper presents an efficient method for hardware implementation of digital filters (IIR and FIR) of any order by exploiting Distributed Arithmetic (DA). This paper presents critical analysis and optimization provided by the purposed design with respect to its conventional DA based design.