Ajay K U M A R Gautam (original) (raw)
Papers by Ajay K U M A R Gautam
Biodiversitas, Jan 31, 2015
occurrence of leaf spot diseases was observed on Aloe vera plants grown in various nurseries of G... more occurrence of leaf spot diseases was observed on Aloe vera plants grown in various nurseries of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The typical disease symptoms were observed on the abaxial surface, tips and spiny margins of leaves. Disease spots were sunken, dry, necrotic, dark maroon to dark brown in color. On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics of the fungus, two species of Curvularia i.e. Curvularia lunata and Curvularia ovoidea, were found to be associated with the leaf spot diseases. Koch's postulate was applied to confirm the causal organisms of the diseases. According to the literature, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on A. vera caused by Curvularia lunata from Madhya Pradesh, and the first report of Curvularia ovoidea from India.
A time series approach to forecast wheat yield in Hisar district of Haryana
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2021
New record of rust disease caused by Puccinia oxalidis on Oxalis latifolia from India
Colletotrichum is one of the most common and unusual plant pathogenic fungal genera causing varie... more Colletotrichum is one of the most common and unusual plant pathogenic fungal genera causing variety of diseases. The genus is primerily responsible for an significant disease; anthracnose inhabiting a wide range of host's worldwide. The objective of this paper is to review various diseases caused by Colletotrichum in India with special reference to plant diseases reported in present century (i.e. 2000-2012). About 25 plant diseases caused by different species of Colletotrichum namely, C. gloeosporioides, C. capsici, C. falcatum, C. truncatum, C. sansevieriae, C. acutatum and C. coccodes were reported in present century, in which C. gloeosporioides found more prevalent antracnose pathogen. The study showed that even a single species of Colletotrichum can affect multiple hosts. Therefore, the present compilation in my openion will not only provide useful information about new plant diseases caused by Colletotrichum, but also be helful for mycologists and plant pathologists in phytopathological research and will initiate new questions for future study.
Leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides. The spots were dark ... more Leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides. The spots were dark red, circular shaped lesions on leaves. The fungus after cultural and microscopic examinations was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To best our knowledge this is the first report from India showing that C. gloeosporioides causes leaf spot disease on P. tithymaloides.
Corrigendum to “Immunological and hemato-biochemical alterations in diarrhoeic buffaloes screened for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection using 'indigenous ELISA kit'” [Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 87 (2022) 101833]
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aug 1, 2022
Journal of Fungi
Puccinia, which comprises 4000 species, is the largest genus of rust fungi and one of the destruc... more Puccinia, which comprises 4000 species, is the largest genus of rust fungi and one of the destructive plant pathogenic rust genera that are reported to infect both agricultural and nonagricultural plants with severe illnesses. The presence of bi-celled teliospores is one of the major features of these rust fungi that differentiated them from Uromyces, which is another largest genus of rust fungi. In the present study, an overview of the current knowledge on the general taxonomy and ecology of the rust genus Puccinia is presented. The status of the molecular identification of this genus along with updated species numbers and their current statuses in the 21st century are also presented, in addition to their threats to both agricultural and nonagricultural plants. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and the published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Puccinia. The obtained results revealed...
International Journal of Phytopathology
Pea is third most important pulse crop of the world which is being cultivated all over the globe ... more Pea is third most important pulse crop of the world which is being cultivated all over the globe over the land area of two million hectares. Despite of its being grown in large area, this crop is infected by numerous pathogens including rust disease. This rust is disease of pea is caused by Uromyces viciae fabae affect the pea crop all over the mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted in mid-hill regions lies in District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh out to know the epidemiology of rust disease on pea (Pisum sativum). A survey of total thirteen study sites was carried out and effects on different plant characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, pods (number of pods and seeds per pod), leaf length and length of pods was evaluated. Results revealed that rust disease on pea crop was observed from seven study areas. Disease symptoms appeared as rust sori of aecia, uredia and telia which poses severe infection on entire plant. Variable deg...
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2020
Present study is based on 24 goats that were located in goat herds endemically infected with Myco... more Present study is based on 24 goats that were located in goat herds endemically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Objective of the study was to access the variations in the lipid profile and acute phase proteins in the serum samples driven from non-infected (negative and physically healthy) and infected (positive and physically weak) goats with MAP infection, cause of incurable Johne's disease (JD) in domestic livestock. Infected goats had significantly higher cholesterol and albumin levels and significantly 'reduced level' of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and 'reduced level' of the density of lipoproteins (LDL) in comparison to non-infected goats. Lipid profile and acute phase proteins could be further explored for their significance in pathogenesis and diagnosis of JD in domestic livestock including goats.
Acharya Balkrishna: Dhanwantari of Modern Era, Father of Evidence-Based Ayurveda Revolution with a Multifaceted Research Perspective
Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries
Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The experiments on Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor... more The experiments on Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju were conducted during October–November 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in Completely Randomized Design at Mushroom Research and Development Centre, Department of Plant Pathology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Among all the treatments, minimum 11 days required for spawn running in the combination of Wheat straw+NPK 5 mg+CaCO3 6 mg. Similarly, the minimum number of days required for pin head formation and harvesting days were also noticed in T5 treatment (wheat straw+5 g NPK+6 g CaCO3), representing 15 and 20 days respectively. The treatment T5 produced maximum number of fruiting bodies where combinations were given as wheat straw+5 g NPK+6 g CaCO3.The maximum stipe length and width of pileus were also recorded maximum in treatment T5, showing 7.9 cm and 13.5 cm against 2.8 cm and 6.6 cm respectively in case of control. Yield pot...
Wood decaying fungi possess considerable ability to decompose lignified cells of coarse woody mat... more Wood decaying fungi possess considerable ability to decompose lignified cells of coarse woody materials using enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. These fungi also cause serious damage to roots and standing tree trunks and finally destroying the mechanical strength of wood. The present paper is the first of this series describing wood rotting fungus i.e. Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd. The information is provided with illustrations, description and notes on symptoms. T. versicolor, a colorful cap shaped white-rot basidiomycete, found throughout temperate and subtropical zones of all continents to infect and infest a variety of species in nearly all hardwood tree genera and many conifer species. Caps are sessile normally 1.6 - 6.8 cm wide and 1-3mm in thickness, grows singly, sometimes overlapping either in a row or a rosette, with multicolored concentric zoning on the upper surface. Hyphae are trimitic: generative hyphae are thin-walled with clamps, 1.5-2.5 um in diameter; skeleta...
Cheiromycella indica sp. nov. and new records of microfungi from North-Western India
Vegetos, 2021
Neosporidesmium himachalense sp. nov. from India and Neosporidesmina gen. nov. to accommodate N. micheliae
Mycotaxon, 2021
A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified an... more A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified angiosperm in Mandi Himachal Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by macronematous, laterally and terminally diverging conidiophores, terminal, doliiform, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and obclavate 7–18-distoseptate, pale brown conidia. A new genus Neosporidesmina is proposed for Neosporidesmium micheliae, which has euseptate conidia.
In vivo kinetics of peripheral cellular immune responses in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infected and vaccinated goats
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2021
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis ... more Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB) also known as Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants, which is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. A similar counterpart has been observed in the form of Crohn's disease in humans. The present study is the first trail in goats to understand the peripheral cellular immune responses following experimental MAP infection and vaccination. Fifteen apparently healthy male kids (3-6 months old) of Barbari breed were included in this study. In the experimental study, 5 kids were infected with 'S 5' strain of MAP ("Indian Bison Type"), 5 were vaccinated (Indigenous Vaccine) against MAP infection (Singh et al., 2007) and the remaining 5 kids were uninfected and non-vaccinated controls. Kids were observed for a period of 180 days post exposure (infection and vaccination) and were tested for development of infection. Cellular immune responses (in blood) were recorded post-exposure by three assays. We measured the frequencies of CD4 and CD8T cells, estimated plasma IFNγ and TNα and in the third assay, in vitro cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vaccinated, infected and controls were examined in response to polyclonal stimulation. The frequencies of peripheral CD4 and CD8T cells were comparable in control, infected and vaccinated animals except around day 49 post-infection where MAP infected animals showed a trend towards significantly reduced frequencies of CD4 T cells compared to apparently healthy controls. Significantly reduced plasma TNFα levels were also observed in infected animals compared to vaccinated animals,during the course of infection. Diminished levels (although non significant) of TNFα were observed in the supernatants from polyclonally stimulated PBMCs at around day 49 post infection. It is conceivable that the diminished cellular immune responses may coincide with an impairment (immune exhaustion) of perhaps antigen-specific CD4T cells that might, in the course of infection, contribute to the progressive nature of caprine paratuberculosis.
Techniques for the Detection, Identification, and Diagnosis of Agricultural Pathogens and Diseases
Natural Remedies for Pest, Disease and Weed Control, 2020
Abstract This chapter describes the recent techniques used for diagnosis of diseases in plants. R... more Abstract This chapter describes the recent techniques used for diagnosis of diseases in plants. Recently, more sophisticated techniques for the identification and detection of plant pathogens and disease diagnosis have evolved. Techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction, immunological, and spectroscopy have advanced this field of science. This chapter provides comprehensive review of the major techniques and their variants, employed in the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases.
Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis: Combining Cytology, Immunology and Molecular Techniques - A Study From Central India
American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009
Co-crystal Structure of KRAS (G12C) covalently bound with Quinazoline based inhibitor JBI739
Maximizing the utilization of Fe–NxC/CNx centres for an air-cathode material and practical demonstration of metal–air batteries
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017
Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartm... more Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartments for excellent overall oxygen electrochemistry and practical viability in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Molecular Therapy, 2001
Gene therapy targeted at the respiratory epithelium holds therapeutic potential for diseases such... more Gene therapy targeted at the respiratory epithelium holds therapeutic potential for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and ␣-1 anti-trypsin deficiency. A variety of approaches such as intranasal or intratracheal instillation and aerosol delivery have been utilized to target genes to the airways. Polyethylenimine (PEI), a linear or branched polycationic polymer, has been used for delivery of genes to various organs. In this study, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled branched PEI, we initially examined the localization of PEI in the lungs after aerosol delivery to Balb/C mice. Further, after aerosol delivery of PEI-CAT DNA, in situ immunostaining for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein was used to localize the transgene expression within the lungs. Immunohistochemistry for CAT, as well as localization of FITC-labeled PEI, revealed that after aerosol delivery, the PEI-DNA complexes deposit and subsequently transfect most of the epithelial cells in the conducting airways (including the peripheral airways). High levels of CAT were detected at 24 h after aerosol exposure and significant CAT expression was detected in the lungs up to 28 days after a single aerosol exposure. The data suggest that aerosol delivery of PEI-DNA complexes could be effective for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and ␣-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
Biodiversitas, Jan 31, 2015
occurrence of leaf spot diseases was observed on Aloe vera plants grown in various nurseries of G... more occurrence of leaf spot diseases was observed on Aloe vera plants grown in various nurseries of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The typical disease symptoms were observed on the abaxial surface, tips and spiny margins of leaves. Disease spots were sunken, dry, necrotic, dark maroon to dark brown in color. On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics of the fungus, two species of Curvularia i.e. Curvularia lunata and Curvularia ovoidea, were found to be associated with the leaf spot diseases. Koch's postulate was applied to confirm the causal organisms of the diseases. According to the literature, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on A. vera caused by Curvularia lunata from Madhya Pradesh, and the first report of Curvularia ovoidea from India.
A time series approach to forecast wheat yield in Hisar district of Haryana
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2021
New record of rust disease caused by Puccinia oxalidis on Oxalis latifolia from India
Colletotrichum is one of the most common and unusual plant pathogenic fungal genera causing varie... more Colletotrichum is one of the most common and unusual plant pathogenic fungal genera causing variety of diseases. The genus is primerily responsible for an significant disease; anthracnose inhabiting a wide range of host's worldwide. The objective of this paper is to review various diseases caused by Colletotrichum in India with special reference to plant diseases reported in present century (i.e. 2000-2012). About 25 plant diseases caused by different species of Colletotrichum namely, C. gloeosporioides, C. capsici, C. falcatum, C. truncatum, C. sansevieriae, C. acutatum and C. coccodes were reported in present century, in which C. gloeosporioides found more prevalent antracnose pathogen. The study showed that even a single species of Colletotrichum can affect multiple hosts. Therefore, the present compilation in my openion will not only provide useful information about new plant diseases caused by Colletotrichum, but also be helful for mycologists and plant pathologists in phytopathological research and will initiate new questions for future study.
Leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides. The spots were dark ... more Leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides. The spots were dark red, circular shaped lesions on leaves. The fungus after cultural and microscopic examinations was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. To best our knowledge this is the first report from India showing that C. gloeosporioides causes leaf spot disease on P. tithymaloides.
Corrigendum to “Immunological and hemato-biochemical alterations in diarrhoeic buffaloes screened for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection using 'indigenous ELISA kit'” [Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 87 (2022) 101833]
Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aug 1, 2022
Journal of Fungi
Puccinia, which comprises 4000 species, is the largest genus of rust fungi and one of the destruc... more Puccinia, which comprises 4000 species, is the largest genus of rust fungi and one of the destructive plant pathogenic rust genera that are reported to infect both agricultural and nonagricultural plants with severe illnesses. The presence of bi-celled teliospores is one of the major features of these rust fungi that differentiated them from Uromyces, which is another largest genus of rust fungi. In the present study, an overview of the current knowledge on the general taxonomy and ecology of the rust genus Puccinia is presented. The status of the molecular identification of this genus along with updated species numbers and their current statuses in the 21st century are also presented, in addition to their threats to both agricultural and nonagricultural plants. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and the published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Puccinia. The obtained results revealed...
International Journal of Phytopathology
Pea is third most important pulse crop of the world which is being cultivated all over the globe ... more Pea is third most important pulse crop of the world which is being cultivated all over the globe over the land area of two million hectares. Despite of its being grown in large area, this crop is infected by numerous pathogens including rust disease. This rust is disease of pea is caused by Uromyces viciae fabae affect the pea crop all over the mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Therefore, the present study was conducted in mid-hill regions lies in District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh out to know the epidemiology of rust disease on pea (Pisum sativum). A survey of total thirteen study sites was carried out and effects on different plant characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, pods (number of pods and seeds per pod), leaf length and length of pods was evaluated. Results revealed that rust disease on pea crop was observed from seven study areas. Disease symptoms appeared as rust sori of aecia, uredia and telia which poses severe infection on entire plant. Variable deg...
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2020
Present study is based on 24 goats that were located in goat herds endemically infected with Myco... more Present study is based on 24 goats that were located in goat herds endemically infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Objective of the study was to access the variations in the lipid profile and acute phase proteins in the serum samples driven from non-infected (negative and physically healthy) and infected (positive and physically weak) goats with MAP infection, cause of incurable Johne's disease (JD) in domestic livestock. Infected goats had significantly higher cholesterol and albumin levels and significantly 'reduced level' of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and 'reduced level' of the density of lipoproteins (LDL) in comparison to non-infected goats. Lipid profile and acute phase proteins could be further explored for their significance in pathogenesis and diagnosis of JD in domestic livestock including goats.
Acharya Balkrishna: Dhanwantari of Modern Era, Father of Evidence-Based Ayurveda Revolution with a Multifaceted Research Perspective
Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries
Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The experiments on Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor... more The experiments on Impact of Inorganic Chemicals on Growth and Yield Potential of Pleurotus sajor-caju were conducted during October–November 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in Completely Randomized Design at Mushroom Research and Development Centre, Department of Plant Pathology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Among all the treatments, minimum 11 days required for spawn running in the combination of Wheat straw+NPK 5 mg+CaCO3 6 mg. Similarly, the minimum number of days required for pin head formation and harvesting days were also noticed in T5 treatment (wheat straw+5 g NPK+6 g CaCO3), representing 15 and 20 days respectively. The treatment T5 produced maximum number of fruiting bodies where combinations were given as wheat straw+5 g NPK+6 g CaCO3.The maximum stipe length and width of pileus were also recorded maximum in treatment T5, showing 7.9 cm and 13.5 cm against 2.8 cm and 6.6 cm respectively in case of control. Yield pot...
Wood decaying fungi possess considerable ability to decompose lignified cells of coarse woody mat... more Wood decaying fungi possess considerable ability to decompose lignified cells of coarse woody materials using enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. These fungi also cause serious damage to roots and standing tree trunks and finally destroying the mechanical strength of wood. The present paper is the first of this series describing wood rotting fungus i.e. Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd. The information is provided with illustrations, description and notes on symptoms. T. versicolor, a colorful cap shaped white-rot basidiomycete, found throughout temperate and subtropical zones of all continents to infect and infest a variety of species in nearly all hardwood tree genera and many conifer species. Caps are sessile normally 1.6 - 6.8 cm wide and 1-3mm in thickness, grows singly, sometimes overlapping either in a row or a rosette, with multicolored concentric zoning on the upper surface. Hyphae are trimitic: generative hyphae are thin-walled with clamps, 1.5-2.5 um in diameter; skeleta...
Cheiromycella indica sp. nov. and new records of microfungi from North-Western India
Vegetos, 2021
Neosporidesmium himachalense sp. nov. from India and Neosporidesmina gen. nov. to accommodate N. micheliae
Mycotaxon, 2021
A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified an... more A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified angiosperm in Mandi Himachal Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by macronematous, laterally and terminally diverging conidiophores, terminal, doliiform, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and obclavate 7–18-distoseptate, pale brown conidia. A new genus Neosporidesmina is proposed for Neosporidesmium micheliae, which has euseptate conidia.
In vivo kinetics of peripheral cellular immune responses in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infected and vaccinated goats
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2021
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis ... more Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB) also known as Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants, which is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. A similar counterpart has been observed in the form of Crohn's disease in humans. The present study is the first trail in goats to understand the peripheral cellular immune responses following experimental MAP infection and vaccination. Fifteen apparently healthy male kids (3-6 months old) of Barbari breed were included in this study. In the experimental study, 5 kids were infected with 'S 5' strain of MAP ("Indian Bison Type"), 5 were vaccinated (Indigenous Vaccine) against MAP infection (Singh et al., 2007) and the remaining 5 kids were uninfected and non-vaccinated controls. Kids were observed for a period of 180 days post exposure (infection and vaccination) and were tested for development of infection. Cellular immune responses (in blood) were recorded post-exposure by three assays. We measured the frequencies of CD4 and CD8T cells, estimated plasma IFNγ and TNα and in the third assay, in vitro cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vaccinated, infected and controls were examined in response to polyclonal stimulation. The frequencies of peripheral CD4 and CD8T cells were comparable in control, infected and vaccinated animals except around day 49 post-infection where MAP infected animals showed a trend towards significantly reduced frequencies of CD4 T cells compared to apparently healthy controls. Significantly reduced plasma TNFα levels were also observed in infected animals compared to vaccinated animals,during the course of infection. Diminished levels (although non significant) of TNFα were observed in the supernatants from polyclonally stimulated PBMCs at around day 49 post infection. It is conceivable that the diminished cellular immune responses may coincide with an impairment (immune exhaustion) of perhaps antigen-specific CD4T cells that might, in the course of infection, contribute to the progressive nature of caprine paratuberculosis.
Techniques for the Detection, Identification, and Diagnosis of Agricultural Pathogens and Diseases
Natural Remedies for Pest, Disease and Weed Control, 2020
Abstract This chapter describes the recent techniques used for diagnosis of diseases in plants. R... more Abstract This chapter describes the recent techniques used for diagnosis of diseases in plants. Recently, more sophisticated techniques for the identification and detection of plant pathogens and disease diagnosis have evolved. Techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction, immunological, and spectroscopy have advanced this field of science. This chapter provides comprehensive review of the major techniques and their variants, employed in the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases.
Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis: Combining Cytology, Immunology and Molecular Techniques - A Study From Central India
American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009
Co-crystal Structure of KRAS (G12C) covalently bound with Quinazoline based inhibitor JBI739
Maximizing the utilization of Fe–NxC/CNx centres for an air-cathode material and practical demonstration of metal–air batteries
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017
Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartm... more Maximum exposure of electroactive sites in NCNTs via opening of nitrogen-enriched bamboo compartments for excellent overall oxygen electrochemistry and practical viability in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Molecular Therapy, 2001
Gene therapy targeted at the respiratory epithelium holds therapeutic potential for diseases such... more Gene therapy targeted at the respiratory epithelium holds therapeutic potential for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and ␣-1 anti-trypsin deficiency. A variety of approaches such as intranasal or intratracheal instillation and aerosol delivery have been utilized to target genes to the airways. Polyethylenimine (PEI), a linear or branched polycationic polymer, has been used for delivery of genes to various organs. In this study, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled branched PEI, we initially examined the localization of PEI in the lungs after aerosol delivery to Balb/C mice. Further, after aerosol delivery of PEI-CAT DNA, in situ immunostaining for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein was used to localize the transgene expression within the lungs. Immunohistochemistry for CAT, as well as localization of FITC-labeled PEI, revealed that after aerosol delivery, the PEI-DNA complexes deposit and subsequently transfect most of the epithelial cells in the conducting airways (including the peripheral airways). High levels of CAT were detected at 24 h after aerosol exposure and significant CAT expression was detected in the lungs up to 28 days after a single aerosol exposure. The data suggest that aerosol delivery of PEI-DNA complexes could be effective for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and ␣-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.