Ahmed Ebied | South Valley University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmed Ebied

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

One of the famous religious aspects of private individuals' Ramesside sculptures is the depiction... more One of the famous religious aspects of private individuals' Ramesside sculptures is the depictions of the deities in the statues. The gods were represented in different shapes and figures during the early 19th dynasty. The sculptor started to invent a new style of sculpture known as Naphorous statues and Naphorous block statues that collected between the normal type of block and the shrine or the small niche of the deities. These new types decorated the façade of the statues with the figures of the gods. This kind of new sculpture in the early Ramesside period indicated the relationship between the individuals as worshippers and the local deities. The sculptors of the 19th and 20th dynasties invented some additions for the block statues, such as the small figures of the gods that decorated the front of the block statues. Other private individuals' statues were represented with the small statues of the gods and goddesses, such as the holly tirade of Thebes, or with other gods and goddesses.

The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on ... more The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on the earth so they kept in their tombs food to eat, clothing to wear, boats to sail, weapons for war and sports and games equipment's for their amusement. All the people in Ancient Egypt did many fun things together. All of them enjoyed the Nile River, such as adults and children that they used to swim and fished. People went to their temples together, where they worshipped their gods and watched performances of plays.Sport in ancient Egypt like all other aspects of ancient Egyptian culture was closely linked up with religion. During feasts, the public entered the great temples to see and petition their deities and watch athletes compete in combative sports. This is especially true of certain periods and specific kinds of sport, so the games are an activity of recreation and enjoyment. Boys wrestled, played tug of war and used pretend weapons to imitate warriors. There are depicted in...

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2022

The Ancient Egyptians were surrounded by various manifestations of their many gods. This study de... more The Ancient Egyptians were surrounded by various manifestations of their many gods. This study deals with the representations of God Ash who is one of the minor deities on the jar seals. He was considered the god of the western desert including its oases which gave him dual nature and connected him with God Seth who also had a dual nature. The relation between both gods increased in the reign of king Peribsen who replaced the god Hours on the serekh and put Seth instead. In particular Ash was identified by the Ancient Egyptians as the god of the Tehenu, known as the people of the oasis as well as Lord of the Land of the Olive Tree. Consequently, it is also possible that he was worshiped in Ombos, as their original chief deity before the arrival of Seth as its major God. By the late 2 nd Dynasty his importance had grown and was seen as a protector of the royal estates. He was known from the Early Dynastic period, upon wine jar seals excavated by Petrie in 1923 expedition to Saqqara. The current study aims at discussing the representations of the god Ash on wine jar seals and the potential relation to jar content. In order to achieve the aim a descriptive analytical methodology was employed.

General Union of Arab Archeologist & Federation of Arab University, 2014

The Theban necropolis is located on the western bank of Thebes, covering an area about 5.5 square... more The Theban necropolis is located on the western bank of Thebes, covering an area about 5.5 square miles and it contains not only tomb but also some temple, chapels and palaces. Scenes depicting the deceased receive New Year gifts are in various parts of the Theban private tombs, like Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, El-Khokha. One can wonder why more of these scenes are found in the tombs of individuals at New Kingdom period? The answer is surely not unambiguous. It is probable that the owner of tomb whose functions have a relationship with royal worship, and which did depend economically on a temple of million years, felt less concerned. Maybe he also questioned a sovereign's will to which nothing special had connected him to serve him as an intercessor with the gods? The New Year gifts appears in figures of many and different type in the New Kingdom private tombs at Thebes. The Categories of these figures or scenes are presented by Porter and Moss. 1 All the scenes depicted the New Year gifts before deceased and his wife, or from wife and all of the family, or from a person. This paper hopes to build on that by taking the case of representations of deceased receives New Year gifts, and discussing what they may tell us about the role of the deceased in the lives of the people. This paper will display these entire scenes with the aim of showing if certain scenes were restricted to certain parts of the tombs and also it will be conducted by displaying the scenes in tables, the numbers that I give number '1' to each scene not like P. M Numbers. The research question is: If the New Year gift scenes have been represented in the same area and what does it means? And, the main question is: Who was giving this New Year gifts to the deceased or the owner of the tombs? Why?

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2023

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

The realms of the gods have been described in the writings, and the highlands of Punt can be expl... more The realms of the gods have been described in the writings, and the highlands of Punt can be explored. Punt was considered very important place in ancient Egypt. Virtually no interest was expressed in the land of Punt during the early years of Egyptology. The word Punt is used to denote a foreign land from which the Egyptian produced exotic produce and known as "God's land" and it covered a large area. The location of Punt has not yet to be firmly established on the ground. This research tries to answer some questions: Why the location of Punt and the routes from Egypt have been debated for over a century? How the ancient Egyptians went there? Why they didn't represent the desert traveling on Punt scenes? And why we didn't found military campaigns with Punt? This paper aims to know some new remarks about the land of Punt and its location and how the ancient Egyptian gets there. The research was developed using analytical and comparative approaches based on document and picture analysis. It is concluded that, we still consider that the picture of Punt is a "physiognomic portraits" of that land and its inhabitants. Representation of Punt can be considered one of the most original and it isn't a travel-reportage but a compendium of what the Egyptians expected of finding in the far and rich countries, to which they were linked by trade interests. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation-Having been first sought in South Arabia till the discovery of the Punt-reliefs of Queen Hatshepsut, which showed the African flora and fauna (Kitchen 2001). "fig 9"-It is described as a coastal, hilly country, where the frankincense trees grow on terraces very near to the seashore; on the northern coast of Somaliland (Hepper 1969; Ward 1999). This opinion not has been confirmed (Ruiz 2001). Mariette said: it was located in the north side of Somalia or on the northeast side (Marriette 1877); he said that because (Maspero 1900); he found the giraffes in the reliefs of Punt "fig 6", and this animal is an African animal and not found in Asia, and the form Puntites houses looks like the African houses "fig 1", the representation of the wife of the chief of

International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management

The ancient Egyptians have done their best to preserve mummy corpses from decay and corruption. T... more The ancient Egyptians have done their best to preserve mummy corpses from decay and corruption. They have taken all measures from the Pre-dynastic period till the end of history aiming at the resurrection. One of these measures was the shroud. It was typically wrapped around the mummy after the mummification process and became important during the Late Period to Graeco-Roman because it has replaced the coffin itself. The authors aim to study in-depth this unpublished shroud of Djedhor's coffin "TR 1.11.16.5(b), SR 4/ 11332(b)" by taking scenes, comparing it to other shrouds, and analyzing the performance. This paper also illuminates the religious significances which were behind the decorations and texts on this shroud in the shade of the coffin to introduce a complete image of the role of the shroud. The decorations of the shroud have been executed based on the plan for the whole coffin. All decorations were organized well aiming to resurrection. On the conservation side of the Djedhor's shroud, the authors used multidisciplinary methodologies for description, documentation, and conservation of archaeological shroud at Hurghada Museum. Finally, we'll discuss some new explanations for the shroud's decorations in relation to other shrouds from the same time period.

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

The importance of visitors and guests can be overstated. To stay competitive, museums must contin... more The importance of visitors and guests can be overstated. To stay competitive, museums must continue to please their visitors in order to increase profitability and market share. They need to figure out what their consumers require, want, and value. This research paper's aim is to assess the visitors' views related to tourism services quality in Upper Egypt museums. It attempts to measure the extent to which the tourism business environment is creative and innovative as necessary conditions for guests' satisfaction. Throughout the previous few decades, many research projects have focused on service quality. It was discovered in recent decades that the quality of services has a major impact on satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to investigate the visitors in their satisfaction for service and facilities regarding five service quality dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy in Upper Egypt museums. Results have revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the five dimensions of SERVQUAL and the level of satisfaction for the museums' visitors.

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2021

This article is dedicated to the publication of a statue of non-royal Wrirny, who served as the s... more This article is dedicated to the publication of a statue of non-royal Wrirny, who served as the sun temple priest for both King Userkaf and Neferirkare during the Fifth Dynasty. He was a great high official whose Userkaf permitted him to carve two tombs, one of them at Saqqara D20 and the other at Sheikh Said No. 25. He subsequently became the overseer of both kings Userkaf and Neferirkare's solar temples. Wrirny had worked as supervisor of the king's treasury in addition to his job as priest of the solar-temple, according to some inscription on the front of his right leg. Mariette discovered the statue in tomb D20 in Saqqara necropolis and he had pointed out that Wrirny had had four statues but only two are known: one in standing stance, which the authors will publish, and the other in EG CG172. All of them are sculpted between the mid-half and end of the Fifth Dynasty. All of these statutes will aid authors in publishing and clarifying the statue style that was followed to...

Egypt Is Known All Over The World By Its Unique Heritage. Though, Utilizing This Heritage As A To... more Egypt Is Known All Over The World By Its Unique Heritage. Though, Utilizing This Heritage As A Tourism Attraction Without Using Scientific Visit Management Influences It Negatively. Visitor Management Methods And Techniques Such As, Limit Of Acceptable Change, Visitor Impact Management, Carrying Capacity, And Visitor Activity Management Process Are Some Of The Conservation Tools That Are Used To Reduce The Negative Impacts And Protect The Heritage Sites. The Current Study Attempts To Gain A Deep Sight On The Visitor Management Framework That Could Be Used In The Heritage Sites Particularly The Archeological Replica Models. The Replica Model Of King Tutantutankhamen Khamen Tomb In Luxor City Is Used As A Case Study. Many Research Methods Are Used In This Study Such As; Questionnaires Targeted The Tour Guides And The Archeological Inspectors In The City Of Luxor. Moreover Observation Checklist Applied On The Replica Of Tutankhamen Tomb. The Main Results Of The Study Showed That Repli...

International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality

The ancient Egyptian considered the king the only priest in ancient Egypt. He is the link between... more The ancient Egyptian considered the king the only priest in ancient Egypt. He is the link between the deities and human beings. Therefore, the priests were the substitutes that replace the king in performing the rituals. By consequence there is no place for the common people inside worship buildings. Therefore, their chapels are one of the most important manifestations of personal piousness in ancient Egypt. Although the common people did not enter the temples during the performance of the rituals, they were known for their extreme piety and endless religiosity. Based on the foregoing, the study explores the rituals of worship of the common people and the places of this worship away from the temple, which wasn't accessible area for them. The study attempts to answer the following questions: If the temple is the house of God and to which many people take refuge, then what is the case with the inhabitants of far villages and the workers of the desert? Where was the cult of the common people practiced? Did the Egyptian state at that time seek to establish private places or chapels for the common people? If they existed, did the ancient Egyptian satisfied with these places, or they had alternative places of worship for himself and his family? What were their characteristics? Was it restricted to certain people?

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

According to ancient Egyptian beliefs, the false door is a part of funerary furniture. It is serv... more According to ancient Egyptian beliefs, the false door is a part of funerary furniture. It is served as an offering's stela; it is placed on the west wall in the tomb, which netherworlds exist. The author will introduce new interpretations for two unpublished false doors in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo according to epithets and titles of deceased, also through architectural and decoration features. A descriptive approach will be used to explain the scenes on two false doors and then picture analyses, finally, the philology approach also is used to linguistic study, and texts are translated. This paper aims to republish and shed light on two limestones false doors discovered at the north of Saqqara that dated back to the Fifth Dynasty, the paper aims to narrow down the dating of these doors and explore new interpretations and what the doors might say about the social standing of their deceased. It can be concluded that the two false doors which are dated back to Fifth Dynasty, but not for the same period; kA=I pw PtH false door dated back to the beginning of fifth Dynasty and Nykawre's false door dated back to end of fifth Dynasty; the authors set this date based on their architectural and textual features reflected social and religious aspects to non-royal Egyptian elite during the Old Kingdom.

International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management

It is known that the present can be the mirror of the past and the heritage of our dress is safeg... more It is known that the present can be the mirror of the past and the heritage of our dress is safeguarded through eras however it needs considerably more care to preserve that heritage for the future generations. It is important that greater part of Ancient Egyptian everyday life attire are of types still been worn by Egyptians these days in various parts of the nation, for example, tunics, shawls, women's scar-vest and dresses. These cases are viewed as essential bits of dress worn in ancient Egypt by both guys and females. This paper aims to authenticate the survival clothing and to compare its usage in our society; the author keen on answering the question whether similar ancient cloths are still in use nowadays? Some of our clothing in the time being has deeply rooted in ancient Egyptian civilization. The author presents this new scope of preserving the tangible heritage of clothing of modern Egypt through artistic description and analysis, and sheds light on some religious implications that the clothing may display. This paper is developed using analytical and comparative approaches based on document-art and art-historical analyses to consider the process of change or development of these clothes through different historical periods in Egypt. The paper concludes that majority of survival clothing in time perhaps has deeply rooted in ancient Egyptian civilization. Although it may differ in their design and decoration today, they are still keeping the main elements of an older Egyptian style.

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

The Study of ancient Egyptian tombs had long been an important source of information regarding ma... more The Study of ancient Egyptian tombs had long been an important source of information regarding many aspects of the Egyptian society. The walls of tombs made for the elite are often extensively decorated with scenes rendered in paint or in colored relief sculpture. While numerous researches have focused on the King"s scenes inscribed on the walls of ancient Egyptian temples, none of them focused on the royal family scenes in the private tombs. Hence, the current research focuses on the depiction of the royal family scenes in the Theban private tombs in the New Kingdom (Qurnet Murai, Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, and Dra Abu el-Naga). This paper aims to introduce some new royal family scenes from unpublished tombs at Thebes and to know new remarks about the reasons of depicting the royal scenes in the private tombs at Thebes.

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

There are interconnections between Egypt and Nubia since the Predynastic Period. The non-royal Nu... more There are interconnections between Egypt and Nubia since the Predynastic Period. The non-royal Nubians-as soldiers, servants, officials-were represented in the art of the New Kingdom in various artistic media. In c.750 BC the Kushites succeeded in invading Egypt and founding the Twenty-fifth Dynasty (c.750-664 BC). The non-royal Kushites adapted traditional non-royal Egyptian clothing and added some new elements to it. The authors here introduce a comparative study between the clothing of these non-royal individuals in the New Kingdom and Kushites Twenty-Fifth Dynasty in art. The New Kingdom art introduces Nubians wearing Egyptian clothing with remarkable Nubian features, while the Twenty-fifth Dynasty art represents Kushites wearing all Egyptian clothing from the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms as a kind of revivalism and adapting some Kushites elements; that misleads scholars to identify this new trend. The authors conclude that New Kingdom Egyptian artists in all representations marked non-royal Nubians with their own clothing, some of these Nubian clothing continued to be utilized by non-royal Kushites to keep their ethnic identity.

Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte, 2015

The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on ... more The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on the earth so they kept in their tombs food to eat, clothing to wear, boats to sail, weapons for war and sports and games equipment’s for their amusement.
Sport in ancient Egypt like all other aspects of ancient Egyptian culture was closely linked up with religion. During the feasts the public entered the great temples to see and petition their deities and watch athletes compete in combative sports. This is especially true of certain periods and specific kinds of sport, so the games are an activity of recreation and enjoyment.
Sports based in combat are strongly represented in many forms like wrestling, fencing with sticks, boxing, swimming, rowing, horse riding, and hunting in tombs and temples.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the sport and hunting scenes and its position in ancient Egypt.

Key words: Sport, Leisure, Hunting, Ancient Egypt.

Cooking and eating scenes were found in ancient Egyptian temples and tombs but rare. Egyptian foo... more Cooking and eating scenes were found in ancient Egyptian temples and tombs but rare. Egyptian food was cooked in simple clay pots, using wooden utensils and stored in jars and we have many aspects of cooking in ancient Egypt.
In ordinary families cooking was done by the housewife, but larger households employed servants to work in the kitchen and a chef - usually a man - to do the cooking. The Egyptians had ovens, and knew how to boil roast, and fry food. There were few kitchen tools: pestles, mortars, and sieves. Archaeologists have unearthed early mortars with rubbing stones that would probably have been use to separate the chaff from the grain.
This research tries to answer some questions; why the ancient Egyptian noblemen depicting these scenes in their tombs? Is there are any variety of Egyptian recipes is extensive? What are the types of preparing food? Who was depicted as a cooker, men or women? And finally, where is the place of the cooking scene inside the tombs?
This paper aims also to know the similarities and differences between cooking and eating scenes between ancient Egypt and time being. Also, to focus on the ancient Egyptian cuisine and how many meals were eaten? Also, know the foodstuffs. This research was developed using analytical and comparative approaches based on picture analysis.

Keyword: Cooking, Eating, Noble, Old Kingdom, Tomb, Cuisine, Meal, Ancient Egypt.

غدت التنمية السياحية منهجاً وأسلوباً تقوم عليه العديد من المؤسسات السياحية العالمية، وعلى غير ما ... more غدت التنمية السياحية منهجاً وأسلوباً تقوم عليه العديد من المؤسسات السياحية العالمية، وعلى غير ما يعتقد الكثيرون، فإن تطبيق هذا المفهوم لا يعد مكلفاً من الناحية المادية، وله عائده المعنوي أيضاً، ويعود بالربح والفائدة على المؤسسات السياحية، ولذلك تعد السياحة مورداً اقتصادياً هاماً ، وأحد موارد التنمية التي تساهم بشكل أو بأخر في رفع النمو الاقتصادي العالمي وزيادة دخل الفرد الحقيقي.
ولما كانت التنمية السياحية بمثابة المرآة التي تعكس ما يستجد على ساحات الحياة ومجالاتها المختلفة من تطورات وتفاعلات تحدث تأثيراتها مباشرة وغير مباشرة على المجتمع، فكان من الضروري وضع خطط للتنمية السياحية في محافظتي أسيوط وسوهاج، لأن التنمية السياحية ما هي إلا نهوض بالخدمات السياحية وإبرازها وإعطاءها الدور الكامل بهدف اقتصادي، والارتقاء والتوسع بالخدمات السياحية واحتياجاتها. والجدير بالذكر أن هذا التغير لابد له من المحافظة على جمال البيئة الطبيعية وانسجامها.
لذا كانت هذا الدراسة والتي نسعى من خلالها جاهدين لإلقاء الضوء علي المقومات السياحية في محافظتي أسيوط وسوهاج ومحاولة وضع رؤية استراتيجية للتنمية السياحية بهما، وفي سبيل تحقيق ذلك، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والذي تضمن جمع البيانات من خلال استمارات استبيان وزعت على عينة من المبحوثين، وتحليلها، واستخلاص أهم النتائج والمقترحات منها.

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2022

General Union of Arab Archeologist & Federation of Arab University, 2014

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2023

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 2021

International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

International Academic Journal Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality

International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management

Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte, 2015

The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on ... more The ancient Egyptians expected that life after death would follow the general pattern of life on the earth so they kept in their tombs food to eat, clothing to wear, boats to sail, weapons for war and sports and games equipment’s for their amusement.
Sport in ancient Egypt like all other aspects of ancient Egyptian culture was closely linked up with religion. During the feasts the public entered the great temples to see and petition their deities and watch athletes compete in combative sports. This is especially true of certain periods and specific kinds of sport, so the games are an activity of recreation and enjoyment.
Sports based in combat are strongly represented in many forms like wrestling, fencing with sticks, boxing, swimming, rowing, horse riding, and hunting in tombs and temples.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the sport and hunting scenes and its position in ancient Egypt.

Key words: Sport, Leisure, Hunting, Ancient Egypt.

Keyword: Cooking, Eating, Noble, Old Kingdom, Tomb, Cuisine, Meal, Ancient Egypt.

The Egyptians undertook major journeys from very ancient times. To get the timber for building th... more The Egyptians undertook major journeys from very ancient times. To get the timber for building their great ships they had to sail to the North-East (Lebanon, Syria,..)while the closest they could find incense indispensible to their divine services was in Punt reached by sailing South-East through the Red Sea along the East African coast. The scenes of commercial or Military campaign/ trips, like the expedition to the Land of Punt are displayed. These scenes depict many aspects of everyday life, portrayed in details on the walls of Hatshepsut’s temple Deir el Bahri and another kind of trips represented on the walls of Tuthmosis III’s festival hall at Karnak temple. This book was divided into two chapters, the first one focus on the expedition to the Land of Punt during the reign of Queen Hatshepsut, while the other one speak about the botanical garden of king Tuthmosis III at Karnak temple as another kind of expeditions.