Aleksandar Grizhev | University Goce Delcev (original) (raw)

Papers by Aleksandar Grizhev

22th International Scientific Conference "The Power of Knowledge", Kavala, Greece, Volume: 34.5, 2019

In the paper authors are using comparative analysis scientific method for analyzing Macedonian an... more In the paper authors are using comparative analysis scientific method for analyzing Macedonian and Slovenian crisis management system. Having in mind that, Republic of Slovenia is a NATO member from beginning of 2009 year and EU member from 2013 year, Slovenian crisis management system used as a base characteristics of Slovenian model for system of crisis management system, with focus on identifying the positive characteristics of Slovenian model for system of crisis management which can be put to practice, portrayed in this thesis as recommendations for improving the Macedonian is management system. Crisis management system on Republic of North Macedonia has a normative and organizational establishment present: suggesting decisions, consultations, coordination, prompt reactions, effective and adequate use of provided resources and abilities in case of a crisis situation. Slovenian crisis management system basically in consists from following state authorities and institutions: Inter-sector analytical group, Ministry of defence (national crisis management center, the protection and rescue administration of Republic of Slovenia, which also has protection and rescue forces and reporting center on Republic of Slovenia – Service 112), other ministries and state authorities on Republic of Slovenia. For this comparative analysis, Slovenian crisis management has been chosen, because is similar to Macedonian model in terms of size and structure. Moreover, Slovenian crisis management system model is designed to manage consequences of possible state of crisis for a certain territory and population which are almost identical to ones on Republic of North Macedonia. This organizational and structural similarity on the crisis management systems on Republic of Slovenia and Republic of North Macedonia are basic prerequisite for a comparative analysis. Obtained result from this comparative analysis can be used as a basis reforming, upgrading and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the Macedonian crisis management system. Comparative analysis between Macedonian and Slovenian crisis management system gives us data that leads to conclusion that there is a need to take action for which will increase its effectiveness, improve its professionalism, economy and for overall improving of crisis management system in terms of prevention department as well as crisis management department. Continued development of Macedonian crisis management system must follow the experiences of NATO and EU mbers, own practices and available resources (forces and funds for prevention and crisis management).
Keywords: Crisis situation, prevention, alarm, functionality, security.

2-nd International Scientific Conference MILCON'19, Skopje , 2019

The essence of heutagogy is that in some learning situations, focus should be on what and how the... more The essence of heutagogy is that in some learning situations, focus should be on what and how the learner wants to learn, not on what is to be taught. This approach is very different from more formal and traditio educational process changes from being one in which the learned person (teacher, tutor, lecturer) pours information into the heads of learners to one in which the learner chooses what is to be learned and even how they might learn it. Heutagogy represents a change from teacher-centred learning to learner-centred learning. Heutagogy is underpinned with assumptions of two key philosophies: humanism and constructivism. As mentioned above, the idea of the learner being central to the educational process is a humanistic concept. Originally, andragogy as a precursor to heutagogy, was identified with adult learning science, so many scientists firstly assumed that this would be updated case for heutagogy. However, as time goes by it becomes clear that heutagogy represents a science approach which should be available for learners of all ages. The purpose of this paper is to review research on historical development of heutagogy as a science and self-determinate learning and to make comparative analysis of heutagogy with andragogy and pedagogy. As time goes by a lot of scientists conclude that web-based learning, new information technologies and long distance learning and education methods lend themselves very well to a heutagogical approach.

Knowledge - International Journal, Scientific and Applicative Papers, 2019

The end of XIX-th century is filled with struggles of Balkan nations against Ottoman rule, with t... more The end of XIX-th century is filled with struggles of Balkan nations against Ottoman rule, with the greatest benefits for: Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia as the most powerful Balkan countries in this period. On the other hand, rebel activities of Balkan nations were supported by powerful Russia and Austro-Hungary 209. Britain, on the other side, as a powerful European country balanced the levels of power for gaining a dominant role for trading in Balkans. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was born in a period of decline and decay of Ottoman Empire power. This period in world historiography was known with the term Great Eastern Crisis 1875-1878, which in Macedonia and neighboring Balkan countries continues untill 1881 year with mass uprisings and revolts of Macedonian population against Ottoman authorities 210. During entire period of its existence, Ottoman Empire remains a multinational and multi-religious state. Religious communities which existed in Empire are defined as different nations, from which the most dominant role played: Armenian, Greek and Jewish religious community. Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) was an army officer, revolutionary leader and first president on Republic of Turkey. Ataturk was born in the 1881 year in Solun when Macedonia was under the rule of Ottoman empire. Main point of this paper are the historical and social aspects of military-political activity of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk died. He spends some time on a farm of his uncle and then he returns in Bitola to finish the military high school. He finished military high school in the period 1895-1899 and then he continuoued on military academy in Istanbul which he finished in 1902 year when he is promoted in rank of a second lieutenant, ranked as eight cadet of totally 459 cadets in his generation. In 1905, as a captain, he finished General staff college in which he was ranked fifth from a total of 57 officers. In the rank of captain first class is promoted in 1907 when he was sent on military service in Third Army which was stationed in Macedonia. Ataturk actively took place in Young Turk revolution from 1908, in which the young Turk has members from the General staff of Ottoman army: Kemal Ataturk, Ismet Inonu, M.Fevzi Cakmak, Kazim Karabekir, Fuat Cebesoj and others. With using authentic archive documentation taken from the military-diplomatic archives and museums in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia and other countries we will do our best to explain the historical and social activity of Ataturk in Macedonia.

XXIII Scientific international conference “Knowledge in practice”, 2019

The term radicalization is wide spread today, but the search for what exactly radicalization is, ... more The term radicalization is wide spread today, but the search for what exactly radicalization is, and how to de-radicalize those who are considered violent extremists or terrorists is still a challenge for the academic and professional community. In this paper, the key terms and literature focusing on radicalization will be explored in more detail. Political violence encompasses a wide range of political action-persuasive politics, pressure politics and violent politics-by those with state power, as well as by non-state militant actors. With this in mind, it should also be recognized that radicalization is not necessarily a one-sided phenomenon, as it is equally important to explore the role of state actors and their potential for radicalization. There are a number of factors that can lead to radicalization, as well as factors that may influence de-radicalization. It is a complex phenomenon, where particularly vulnerable category are young people with incomplete education, mostly from unstable social environments, who are easily susceptible to manipulation. Stimulated by political, economic or socio-cultural factors, these individuals find themselves and identify with the ideologies of extreme and radical structures. In the past, this problem of security has been of interest primarily to the intelligence services, which by their nature deal with the consequences, but not with the causes of radicalization. However, experience has indicated that repression is not the only solution. The growing trend of this phenomenon and the challenge of early prevention have emphasized the need for increasingly inclusive community engagement. Considering the complexity of radicalization and violent extremism leading to terrorism, these phenomena are among the top security priorities of contemporary democratic states. Nevertheless, without a clear definition of radicalization, intelligence security agencies will not be able to cope successfully and have a realistic perception of the driving force that lead the individual to extremism and terrorism.

XXII Scientific international conference “Knowledge”, 2019

In this paper authors are using comparative analysis scientific method for analyzing Macedonian a... more In this paper authors are using comparative analysis scientific method for analyzing Macedonian and Slovenian crisis management system. Having in mind that, Republic of Slovenia is a NATO member from beginning of 2009 year and EU member from 2013 year, Slovenian crisis management system is used as a base model for corrections of Macedonian crisis management system, with focus on identifying the positive characteristics of Slovenian model for system of crisis management which can be put to practice, portrayed in this thesis as recommendations for improving the Macedonian crisis management system. Crisis management system on Republic of North Macedonia has a normative and organizational establishment 129. For uninterrupted functionality on the crisis management system in Republic of North Macedonia constantly are present: suggesting decisions, consultations, coordination, prompt reactions, effective and adequate use of provided resources and abilities in case of a crisis situation. Slovenian crisis management system basically is consists from following state authorities and institutions: Inter-sectoral analytical group, Ministry of defense (national crisis management center, the protection and rescue administration of Republic of Slovenia, which also has protection and rescue forces and reporting center on Republic of Slovenia Service 112), other ministries and state authorities on Republic of Slovenia. For this comparative analysis, Slovenian crisis management has been chosen, because is similar to Macedonian model in terms of size and structure. Moreover, Slovenian crisis management system model is designed to manage consequences of possible state of crisis for a certain territory and population which are almost identical to ones on Republic of North Macedonia. This organizational and structural similarity on the crisis management systems on Republic of Slovenia and Republic of North Macedonia are basic prerequisite for a comparative analysis. Obtained results from this comparative analysis can be used as a basis for reforming, upgrading and improving the efficiency and effectiveness on Macedonian crisis management system. Comparative analysis between Macedonian and Slovenian crisis management system gives us data that leads to conclusion that there is a need to take action for improving Macedonian crisis management system through adequate changes of organizational structure on CMC which will increase its effectiveness, improve its professionalism, economy and for overall improving of crisis management system in terms of prevention department as well as crisis management department. Continued development of Macedonian crisis management system must follow the experiences of NATO and EU members, own practices and available resources (forces and funds for prevention and crisis management).

International Scientific Conference “Crisis Management Days”: European Security Environment and Challenges., Apr 12, 2016

Arab Spring that erupted in 2010 in: Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and then like a domin... more Arab Spring that erupted in 2010 in: Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and then like a domino effect has extend to other countries of Central and Southeastern Europe had a character of socio-economic crisis because of dissatisfaction on the people from authoritarian regimes. The extended arm of the global terror organization Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) with his historical beginnings in 2004 and the culmination of its terrorist operations in the Middle East region were registered from 2014 onwards.
This is initial reason for starting the refugee crisis. Since its inception in 2014 until now through every country of the Southeast Europe have transited over 400 000 people. During the identification of the migrants on the border, many of them told that because of the security situation in the Middle East are forced to move out of their countries and that their final destination are the European countries: Germany, France, Sweden, Italy and so on.
On the other hand the European Union knowing this fact intensively is working on preventive measures to mitigate the immigrant wave by determining actual quotas for permanent settlement of the West European countries with immigrants.
But having in mind that the quotas of the strongest European countries are ranging from 500 thousand to 1 million immigrants, the question that will be the main hypothesis of this scientific work is: Where are permanently inhabited other immigrants who will not receive the final destination in Europe ? In this context, the auxiliary hypotheses of this scientific work are: What are bound quota of immigrants which can receive the countries of Southeast Europe and how can Southeast European countries protect themselves from the large immigrant waves that coming daily in order to protect their overall territorial integrity and social development of the societies?
Key words: Historical reasons, Arab Spring, ISIS, Refugee crisis, Southeast Europe

International Scientific Conference “Ambassadors of the peace”, 2015

From March 24th to June 10th 1999 the NATO conducted an air campaign against the FRY, codenamed O... more From March 24th to June 10th 1999 the NATO conducted an air campaign against the FRY, codenamed Operation “Allied Force”. Yugoslav media have stated that thousands of civilians were killed in NATO air raids. However, the civilian death tolls given in detailed FRY government accounts range from 400 to 600. NATO has not released official estimates of civilians or FRY combatants killed. NATO has claimed that its air campaign against the FRY was the most precise and lowest-collateral damage air campaign in history. However, there has been serious concerns about the extent to which NATO forces participating in Operation Allied Force adhered to the rules of international humanitarian law on the conduct of hostilities, specifically those laid down to protect civilians and civilian objects. On the basis of available evidence, including NATO’s own statements and accounts of specific incidents, there is a belief that NATO forces did commit serious violations of the laws of war leading in a number of cases to the unlawful killings of civilian.
NATO did not always meet its legal obligations in selecting targets and in choosing means and methods of attack. In one instance, the attack on the headquarters of Serbian state radio and television (RTS), NATO launched a direct attack on a civilian object, killing 16 civilians. Such attack breached article 52 (I) of Protocol I (Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts) and therefore constitutes a war crime. In other attacks, including the Grdelica railroad bridge, the automobile bridge in Lužane, and Varvarin bridge, NATO forces failed to suspend their attack after it was evident that they had struck civilians, in contravention of Article 57 (2) (b) of Protocol I. In other cases, including the attacks on displaced civilians in Djakovica and Koriša, insufficient precautions were taken to minimize civilian casualties.
The purpose of the paper is to revise and also analyse the claims that during the NATO bombing of FRY in 1999, there were serious violations of the international humanitarian law. In doing so, two particular cases will be analysed: the attack on Grdelica railroad bridge and the attack on the RTS.
Keywords: International humanitarian law, violation, war crime, civilian, collateral damage

Abstract: In the personal psychology, there has always been a discussion whether the personality ... more Abstract: In the personal psychology, there has always been a discussion whether the personality and its traits//dimensions stay stable across the lifetime or they are being changed as the life goes on. There are psychologists that claim that personality dimensions stay stable for the lifetime, with only minor, almost invisible changes. There are also scientist, however, who claim that the personal traits of the individuals change substantially as the person grows old.
To show that their theory is correct, many of them conduct studies and research. There are studies that show the personal traits are being changed during the lifetime, but there are also studies that show that the dimensions of personality stay stable and are not being changed.
The purpose of the paper is to offer the ones interested in the personal psychology (personality changes) some of the research done in the recent period, trying to investigate whether or not the personality changes with time.
Some of the studies focus on a peace time and some of them focus on combat situations. Combat situation as well as certain extraordinary situations in peace, because they are related to direct danger to life, generate maximum physical and psychological stresses. The harsh reality of the conduct of the war brings the individual in many temptations, placing before him many difficulties and problems. All human mental and physical capabilities, entire life experience and all its potentials are being tested. These are the situations that most probably will cause long-term changes in the personality.
Key words: Stress, trauma, PTSD, combat, personal traits, changes

Abstract: In the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the new millennium, th... more Abstract: In the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the new millennium, there is a kind of revolution within Islam as a religion, which advocates strict adherence to Islam, its purification from the innovations coming from the other cultures. In different parts of the world, in different countries, there are emerging trends, groups and ideologies, which are trying in various ways to point out that Muslims strayed from the path to Allah and do not practice Islam as prescribed by the Koran, the Sunnah and the hadiths.
One of these conservative and fundamental Islamic movements, which had its major impact on many other Islamic movements and which is very popular nowadays is the Wahhabism and its ideology. This relatively new (originated in 18th century in Saudi Arabia) ultraconservative movement within Islam, advocates purifying the Islam of any innovations, its acculturation, a return to the way of practicing Islam the way it has been practiced in the time of prophet Muhammad and his contemporaries.
Even many Muslims consider this relatively new movement within Islam as very controversial. However, the Wahhabism manages to be present in almost all countries with Muslims population. Originating from Saudi Arabia, which is the "cradle of Islam" and the country in which are located the Islam's holiest places, Mecca and Medina, supported by Saudi "petrodollars" and the powerful propaganda of the Wahhabi establishment in Saudi Arabia, the Wahhabi ideology today is widespread worldwide. In the same time, we are witnesses of a kind of paradox situation: outside Saudi Arabia, this ideology is spreading very fast, but it seems that inside the Muslims holiest land, it is getting weaker and it is losing its influence.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the situation regarding the contemporary Wahhabism, in other words, to observe if it is still one of the leading fundamental and radical religious movements inside Islam or it is slowly losing its influence.
Key words: Wahhabism, fundamentalism, Islam,

Abstract: Current conditions in the global economy, achieving the needed competitive advantage an... more Abstract: Current conditions in the global economy, achieving the needed competitive advantage and achieving goals that do not only mean increased profits, became imperative for every organization. These goals include achieving and maintaining customer satisfaction, employees, and shareholders, whereupon the realization of these goals should be made as much as quality, and the most acceptable way for the organization. In order for employees and the organization to succeed in achieving these goals, it is important that their actions and activities are based on the ethical principles and business policies. Organizations that succeed to comply and strike a balance between the principles of profitability and ethics, can justly expect long-term perspective on growth and development.
Keywords: Ethics, Economics, Management

International Scientific Conference “Knowledge – Capital of the Future”, 2015

Abstract: No other phenomenon activates human emotions as it does the war. During the war virtual... more Abstract: No other phenomenon activates human emotions as it does the war. During the war virtually all human qualities and virtues are put to test, and people experience a huge range of feelings and emotions.
Combat situation as well as certain extraordinary situations in peace, because they are related to direct danger to life, generate maximum physical and psychological stresses. The harsh reality of the conduct of the war brings the individual in many temptations, placing before him many difficulties and problems. All human mental and physical capabilities, entire life experience and all its potentials are being tested. These situations are an excellent opportunity to explore the soldier’s personality and his qualities and virtues. Therefore, the conduct of military personnel before a fight, during the fight (critical conditions and experiences) and after combat represents one of the most important areas of military psychology.
Because of the risk of death and injury, all these stressful situations are threatening to the personal integrity of individuals or soldiers. Combat stress is a major threatening factor during combat. In combat and in such emergencies several factors represent particular threats to the person’s psychological integrity: stress, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). During all these emergencies soldiers use a wide range of defense mechanisms, in the first instance suppression. Combat situations represent border situations in which the ability of the person to prevail them is being tested. None of these experiences is usual life experience. In each of these experiences there is a dispute between the demands of the environment and the ability of the individual to prevail with normal use of standard procedures.
Key words: Stress, trauma, PTSD, combat, changes, psychological self-help

One of the three main monotheistic (Abrahamic) religions, Islam, appeared in the Arabian Peninsul... more One of the three main monotheistic (Abrahamic) religions, Islam, appeared in the Arabian Peninsula, more specifically at the territory of what is nowadays Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Prophet Muhammad was born, lived, and preached Islam at the Arabian Peninsula. After 14 centuries, and undergoing difficulties, as well as many fractions and divisions within, the religion of Islam has changed in great amount from the authentic way of practicing. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the cradle of Islam, among being the holiest Muslim land, is the place where the two most important mosques are located (Mecca and Medina).

The religion existed since the emergence of the humankind. On the other hand, the interest for th... more The religion existed since the emergence of the humankind. On the other hand, the interest for the religious fundamentalism started growing in the last decades. The internet, as one of the most massive media, is also relatively new. However, the relationship and the interaction between innovative information technology (especially the Internet) and religion (especially religious fundamentalism) nowadays is often perceived as contradictory and paradoxical.
Particular interest to religious fundamentalist movements is recorded at the end of 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Most of the terrorist actions in this period are made by members and followers of religious fundamentalist movements and groups. Their presence, actions and beliefs substantially changed international relations, as well as internal constitutions in some countries (Arab Spring).
The main feature of almost all religious fundamentalist movements and groups is their relationship to modernity. Therefore, it would be important to understand their relationship and their use of modern media, primarily the internet. The great monotheistic religions are all missionary religions and their goal is to gain as many supporters. What is seemingly illogical is that all religious fundamentalists advocate for literal interpretation of sacred texts and books, they are all against modernity, but all of them take advantage of the benefits of modernity. They use almost all media to spread their message and win more followers, and certainly in the first place as a medium use the internet to spread their propaganda. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine closely the religious fundamentalism and its interaction with the internet as one of the main benefits of modernity.
Keywords: religious fundamentalism, internet, psychological operations, religion, interaction