Hala A . Sabri | University of Petra (original) (raw)
Papers by Hala A . Sabri
This paper reviews some aspects of cultural interaction within the inter-faith societies of the E... more This paper reviews some aspects of cultural interaction within the inter-faith societies of the Eastern Mediterranean region; a region in which the three monotheistic religions, namely: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, have emanated and prospered achieving a powerful role in defining people’s values and identities, and helping them to coexist and interact together, for centuries, with tolerance and co-operation. By the early seventh century, although Islam had become the most prevalent religion in the Eastern Mediterranean region and throughout Arabia, a few tribes still adhered to their Christian or Jewish faiths, and were free to perform their tradition within a society that encouraged, and still does, multiculturalism and freedom of faith. Thus, the first part of the paper highlights some principles and values of the Islamic religion which affirm tolerance, unity of humanity and fair dealing within multicultural and multi-religious societies. The second part illustrates multicult...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2015
As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural ... more As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural similarities between nations might lead businesses to matched structures arise an important issue. Hence, this study aims to examine the structure of Jordanian and Japanese companies on subjective cultural and the objective structural characteristics. The cultural characteristics of Jordan and Japan were established on their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations, and the structural characteristics were established on the locus of decision making and the degree of structuring of activities. The sample comprised of twelve companies each from Jordan and Japan matched in size, dependence and operation technology. Data of the Jordanian companies were collected through structured interviews and data of Japanese companies were derived from Azumi and McMillan's study (1975) that used the same instrument of measurement. The analysis revealed that on the cultural dimensions a "full bureaucracy" is a preferred structure in Jordan and Japan because it fits the desired 'pyramid form' in the minds of Jordanian and Japanese managers, but on the structural dimensions, results revealed that companies in Jordan and Japan are designed in a "personnel bureaucracy" form of structure. The results have implications for further research in cross-cultural comparative management.
Keywords:
Organizational Structure, Similar Cultures, Japan, Jordan
International journal of social sciences, 2012
This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) adoption and managers‘ political be... more This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) adoption and managers‘ political behavior on employees‘ participation in decision-making. The study draws its findings from a questionnaire survey in which 235 Jordanian managers have participated. Two characteristics are focused on as having an impact on participation in decision making: the role of information in the decision process and the political behavior of individuals. Results revealed that Jordanian managers adopt information technology appropriately as a tool for sharing information and enhancing decision making process. Results also revealed that contrary to what was expected, Jordanian managers do not tend towards large inclination for pursuing political tactics to affect decision-making and withholding information as a mean of control.
The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Management: Annual Review, 2012
This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a cross cul... more This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a cross cultural approach. Specifically, the study examines if relationships between context and structure are stable and transcend national differences, and second it examines if certain configuration of structure is preferred in different cultures according to their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations.
The study first analyzes the structure of twelve Jordanian companies then compares the findings with those reported by Horvath, McMillan, Azumi and Hickson on British, Japanese and Swedish matched samples. Consistent with previous research, the findings confirmed that relationships between context and structure transcend national differences between the four cultures. Yet, the existing structure for companies in Jordan, Japan, Britain and Sweden did not fit well the suggested desired structure
in each culture on its power distance and uncertainty avoidance cultural orientations.
Keywords: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Organizational Structure, Culture Bound, Culture free
International Journal of Business and Management, 2015
As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural ... more As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural similarities between nations might lead businesses to matched structures arise an important issue. Hence, this study aims to examine the structure of Jordanian and Japanese companies on subjective cultural and the objective structural characteristics. The cultural characteristics of Jordan and Japan were established on their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations, and the structural characteristics were established on the locus of decision making and the degree of structuring of activities. The sample comprised of twelve companies each from Jordan and Japan matched in size, dependence and operation technology. Data of the Jordanian companies were collected through structured interviews and data of Japanese companies were derived from Azumi and McMillan's study (1975) that used the same instrument of measurement. The analysis revealed that on the cultural dimensions a "full bureaucracy" is a preferred structure in Jordan and Japan because it fits the desired 'pyramid form' in the minds of Jordanian and Japanese managers, but on the structural dimensions, results revealed that companies in Jordan and Japan are designed in a "personnel bureaucracy" form of structure. The results have implications for further research in cross-cultural comparative management.
This study examines the issue of knowledge management and discusses its obstacles and futuristic ... more This study examines the issue of knowledge management and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance in the Arab business environment. The study adopts an analytical approach and provides different perspectives to knowledge and knowledge management and their relation to information management. The study presents also an analysis of the leadership's role in creating a supporting culture for employees in which they share the management's vision and be aware of their role in achieving it. Finally, the study discusses the situation of knowledge attainment and knowledge transfer in Arab countries and presents futuristic scenarios for prospects of knowledge in Arab societies. Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Society, Arab Societies, and Leadership.
This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obs... more This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance. It adopts an analytical approach and presents an investigation of Leaders ’ role in creating a supporting culture for human capital in which they share the management's vision and being aware of their role in achieving it. The study sets a proposed framework on how to transform Arab bureaucracies into knowledge creating organizations by means of a transformational leadership that has the ability to create the right culture in which information sharing, learning and knowledge formation should be part of the organizational norm. The topic merits investigation because it takes place at a time when Arab youths are emphasizing democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, a fundamental transformation, which creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, is required in Arab management and leadership styles to keep pa...
This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a crosscult... more This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a crosscultural approach. Specifically, the study examines if relationships between context and structure are stable and transcend national differences, and second it examines if certain configuration of structure is preferred in different cultures according to their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations. The study first analyzes the structure of twelve Jordanian companies then compares the findings with those reported by Horvath, McMillan, Azumi and Hickson on British, Japanese and Swedish matched samples. Consistent with previous research, the findings confirmed that relationships between context and structure transcend national differences between the four cultures. Yet, the existing structure for companies in Jordan, Japan, Britain and Sweden did not fit well the suggested desired structure in each culture on its power distance and uncertainty avoidance cultural orientations.
Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In t... more Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In their enthusiastic quest in the field of knowledge management, organization theorists and information system developers however, mostly discussed knowledge management from one single perspective, overlooking the need to treating it from a multidisciplinary management is not just computer and information systems; it embodies organizational processes that seek to augment the creative, intelligent, and innovative capacity of human beings. Therefore, there are moral and ethical implications of artificial intelligences that need to be raised and discussed.
Abstract: This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private... more Abstract: This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher education institutions in Jordan. The study adopts an analytical approach that incorporates reviewing available literature and conducting interviews and discussions with some shareholders and board of trustees ' members in addition to faculty members and students of private universities. The analysis revealed that although private universities in Jordan are making progress and provide important contributions to the economy, however, they face important strategic and operational risks in addition to other compliance, financial and reputational risks. These risks include educational delivery systems, quality of academic programs, executive management, competition, and utilization of new technologies, compliance with accrediting agencies, financial issues, societal perception, students ' violence, and demographic challenges. The study concludes that private universities ne...
Abstract: The global financial crisis that unfolded in 2008 presents leaders and managers with ma... more Abstract: The global financial crisis that unfolded in 2008 presents leaders and managers with many challenges. Yet, the lessons of this crisis also present opportunities to create more responsive and flexible organizations capable of overcoming the risks and troubles more effectively. However, in the midst of this crisis it is apparent that most of the attention seems to be devoted to changing regulatory structures and rules that affect corporate governance and the financial markets. This paper argues that the root causes of such crisis are deep and unlikely to be addressed through public policy or external means alone. Most of the problems during this financial crisis can be traced to that most CEOs and executives did not actually pay attention to their company's culture as they did with regard to their profits, assets, brands, and quality of products and services. The paper then explores the vulnerability of firms whose executives fail to manage their company's culture ...
Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 2010
This study aims at examining Jordanian managers' leadership styles in light of their cultural... more This study aims at examining Jordanian managers' leadership styles in light of their cultural values. The study considered the cultural orientations of power distance and uncertainty avoidance, as independent variables, and task-people leadership styles as dependent variables. The study expected that, for cultural reasons, Jordanian managers' leadership style will be greater on task than people style. The results of the study sustained this hypothesis and showed that Jordanian managers adopted task style of leadership because they are more concerned in production and performance than people and relationships. The results also revealed that male, non-university graduates, and young managers were specifically more concerned in implementing task than people style of leadership. The study concludes that any change in Jordanian managers' leadership styles, can be achieved through cultural change in managerial values, and can benefit from the prevailing styles in other culture...
The impact of national culture on organizational structure and culture : an examination of the cu... more The impact of national culture on organizational structure and culture : an examination of the culture bound and culture freehypotheses in a Jordanian context، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Abstract: This study investigates the defining characteristics of Arab management and takes into ... more Abstract: This study investigates the defining characteristics of Arab management and takes into account the impact of societal and cultural factors on Arab managerial practices that provoked different opinions in the field of management thought. The proposition merits investigation because it takes place in the wake of the Arab Spring that emphasizes democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, any evaluation of the underlying causes of this turmoil would recognize that a fundamental transformation in Arab management and leadership styles is also required; a transformation that creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, and to keep pace with the rapidly developing societal and cultural environment. To achieve its objective, the study adopts a qualitative content analysis that incorporates the review and analysis of different studies that highlight features of Arab societal culture and the varied perspectives of Arab management styles....
Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In t... more Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In their enthusiastic quest in the field of knowledge management, organization theorists and information system developers however, mostly discussed knowledge management from one single perspective, overlooking the need to treating it from a multidisciplinary perspective, by means of relating it to different factors such as information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI). This study aims to fill this gap. It seeks to examine the interrelationship between knowledge management, information technology and artificial intelligence. It argues that knowledge management is not just computer and information systems; it embodies organizational processes that seek to augment the creative, intelligent, and innovative capacity of human beings. Therefore, there are moral and ethical implications of artificial intelligences that need to be raised and discussed.
This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obs... more This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance. It adopts an analytical approach and presents an investigation of Leaders’ role in creating a supporting culture for human capital in which they share the management's vision and being aware of their role in achieving it. The study sets a proposed framework on how to transform Arab bureaucracies into knowledge creating organizations by means of a transformational leadership that has the ability to create the right culture in which information sharing, learning and knowledge formation should be part of the organizational norm. The topic merits investigation because it takes place at a time when Arab youths are emphasizing democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, a fundamental transformation, which creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, is required in Arab management and leadership styles to keep pace...
Journal of Transnational Management
Journal of Education and Vocational Research
This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher ed... more This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher education institutions in Jordan. The study adopts an analytical approach that incorporates reviewing available literature and conducting interviews and discussions with some shareholders and board of trustees' members in addition to faculty members and students of private universities. The analysis revealed that although private universities in Jordan are making progress and provide important contributions to the economy, however, they face important strategic and operational risks in addition to other compliance, financial and reputational risks. These risks include educational delivery systems, quality of academic programs, executive management, competition, and utilization of new technologies, compliance with accrediting agencies, financial issues, societal perception, students' violence, and demographic challenges. The study concludes that private universities need to place ri...
This paper reviews some aspects of cultural interaction within the inter-faith societies of the E... more This paper reviews some aspects of cultural interaction within the inter-faith societies of the Eastern Mediterranean region; a region in which the three monotheistic religions, namely: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, have emanated and prospered achieving a powerful role in defining people’s values and identities, and helping them to coexist and interact together, for centuries, with tolerance and co-operation. By the early seventh century, although Islam had become the most prevalent religion in the Eastern Mediterranean region and throughout Arabia, a few tribes still adhered to their Christian or Jewish faiths, and were free to perform their tradition within a society that encouraged, and still does, multiculturalism and freedom of faith. Thus, the first part of the paper highlights some principles and values of the Islamic religion which affirm tolerance, unity of humanity and fair dealing within multicultural and multi-religious societies. The second part illustrates multicult...
International Journal of Business and Management, 2015
As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural ... more As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural similarities between nations might lead businesses to matched structures arise an important issue. Hence, this study aims to examine the structure of Jordanian and Japanese companies on subjective cultural and the objective structural characteristics. The cultural characteristics of Jordan and Japan were established on their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations, and the structural characteristics were established on the locus of decision making and the degree of structuring of activities. The sample comprised of twelve companies each from Jordan and Japan matched in size, dependence and operation technology. Data of the Jordanian companies were collected through structured interviews and data of Japanese companies were derived from Azumi and McMillan's study (1975) that used the same instrument of measurement. The analysis revealed that on the cultural dimensions a "full bureaucracy" is a preferred structure in Jordan and Japan because it fits the desired 'pyramid form' in the minds of Jordanian and Japanese managers, but on the structural dimensions, results revealed that companies in Jordan and Japan are designed in a "personnel bureaucracy" form of structure. The results have implications for further research in cross-cultural comparative management.
Keywords:
Organizational Structure, Similar Cultures, Japan, Jordan
International journal of social sciences, 2012
This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) adoption and managers‘ political be... more This paper examines the impact of information technology (IT) adoption and managers‘ political behavior on employees‘ participation in decision-making. The study draws its findings from a questionnaire survey in which 235 Jordanian managers have participated. Two characteristics are focused on as having an impact on participation in decision making: the role of information in the decision process and the political behavior of individuals. Results revealed that Jordanian managers adopt information technology appropriately as a tool for sharing information and enhancing decision making process. Results also revealed that contrary to what was expected, Jordanian managers do not tend towards large inclination for pursuing political tactics to affect decision-making and withholding information as a mean of control.
The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Management: Annual Review, 2012
This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a cross cul... more This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a cross cultural approach. Specifically, the study examines if relationships between context and structure are stable and transcend national differences, and second it examines if certain configuration of structure is preferred in different cultures according to their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations.
The study first analyzes the structure of twelve Jordanian companies then compares the findings with those reported by Horvath, McMillan, Azumi and Hickson on British, Japanese and Swedish matched samples. Consistent with previous research, the findings confirmed that relationships between context and structure transcend national differences between the four cultures. Yet, the existing structure for companies in Jordan, Japan, Britain and Sweden did not fit well the suggested desired structure
in each culture on its power distance and uncertainty avoidance cultural orientations.
Keywords: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Organizational Structure, Culture Bound, Culture free
International Journal of Business and Management, 2015
As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural ... more As considerable research has examined cultural influences on organizations exploring if cultural similarities between nations might lead businesses to matched structures arise an important issue. Hence, this study aims to examine the structure of Jordanian and Japanese companies on subjective cultural and the objective structural characteristics. The cultural characteristics of Jordan and Japan were established on their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations, and the structural characteristics were established on the locus of decision making and the degree of structuring of activities. The sample comprised of twelve companies each from Jordan and Japan matched in size, dependence and operation technology. Data of the Jordanian companies were collected through structured interviews and data of Japanese companies were derived from Azumi and McMillan's study (1975) that used the same instrument of measurement. The analysis revealed that on the cultural dimensions a "full bureaucracy" is a preferred structure in Jordan and Japan because it fits the desired 'pyramid form' in the minds of Jordanian and Japanese managers, but on the structural dimensions, results revealed that companies in Jordan and Japan are designed in a "personnel bureaucracy" form of structure. The results have implications for further research in cross-cultural comparative management.
This study examines the issue of knowledge management and discusses its obstacles and futuristic ... more This study examines the issue of knowledge management and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance in the Arab business environment. The study adopts an analytical approach and provides different perspectives to knowledge and knowledge management and their relation to information management. The study presents also an analysis of the leadership's role in creating a supporting culture for employees in which they share the management's vision and be aware of their role in achieving it. Finally, the study discusses the situation of knowledge attainment and knowledge transfer in Arab countries and presents futuristic scenarios for prospects of knowledge in Arab societies. Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Society, Arab Societies, and Leadership.
This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obs... more This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance. It adopts an analytical approach and presents an investigation of Leaders ’ role in creating a supporting culture for human capital in which they share the management's vision and being aware of their role in achieving it. The study sets a proposed framework on how to transform Arab bureaucracies into knowledge creating organizations by means of a transformational leadership that has the ability to create the right culture in which information sharing, learning and knowledge formation should be part of the organizational norm. The topic merits investigation because it takes place at a time when Arab youths are emphasizing democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, a fundamental transformation, which creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, is required in Arab management and leadership styles to keep pa...
This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a crosscult... more This study aims to investigate the culture bound and culture free propositions within a crosscultural approach. Specifically, the study examines if relationships between context and structure are stable and transcend national differences, and second it examines if certain configuration of structure is preferred in different cultures according to their power distance and uncertainty avoidance orientations. The study first analyzes the structure of twelve Jordanian companies then compares the findings with those reported by Horvath, McMillan, Azumi and Hickson on British, Japanese and Swedish matched samples. Consistent with previous research, the findings confirmed that relationships between context and structure transcend national differences between the four cultures. Yet, the existing structure for companies in Jordan, Japan, Britain and Sweden did not fit well the suggested desired structure in each culture on its power distance and uncertainty avoidance cultural orientations.
Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In t... more Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In their enthusiastic quest in the field of knowledge management, organization theorists and information system developers however, mostly discussed knowledge management from one single perspective, overlooking the need to treating it from a multidisciplinary management is not just computer and information systems; it embodies organizational processes that seek to augment the creative, intelligent, and innovative capacity of human beings. Therefore, there are moral and ethical implications of artificial intelligences that need to be raised and discussed.
Abstract: This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private... more Abstract: This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher education institutions in Jordan. The study adopts an analytical approach that incorporates reviewing available literature and conducting interviews and discussions with some shareholders and board of trustees ' members in addition to faculty members and students of private universities. The analysis revealed that although private universities in Jordan are making progress and provide important contributions to the economy, however, they face important strategic and operational risks in addition to other compliance, financial and reputational risks. These risks include educational delivery systems, quality of academic programs, executive management, competition, and utilization of new technologies, compliance with accrediting agencies, financial issues, societal perception, students ' violence, and demographic challenges. The study concludes that private universities ne...
Abstract: The global financial crisis that unfolded in 2008 presents leaders and managers with ma... more Abstract: The global financial crisis that unfolded in 2008 presents leaders and managers with many challenges. Yet, the lessons of this crisis also present opportunities to create more responsive and flexible organizations capable of overcoming the risks and troubles more effectively. However, in the midst of this crisis it is apparent that most of the attention seems to be devoted to changing regulatory structures and rules that affect corporate governance and the financial markets. This paper argues that the root causes of such crisis are deep and unlikely to be addressed through public policy or external means alone. Most of the problems during this financial crisis can be traced to that most CEOs and executives did not actually pay attention to their company's culture as they did with regard to their profits, assets, brands, and quality of products and services. The paper then explores the vulnerability of firms whose executives fail to manage their company's culture ...
Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 2010
This study aims at examining Jordanian managers' leadership styles in light of their cultural... more This study aims at examining Jordanian managers' leadership styles in light of their cultural values. The study considered the cultural orientations of power distance and uncertainty avoidance, as independent variables, and task-people leadership styles as dependent variables. The study expected that, for cultural reasons, Jordanian managers' leadership style will be greater on task than people style. The results of the study sustained this hypothesis and showed that Jordanian managers adopted task style of leadership because they are more concerned in production and performance than people and relationships. The results also revealed that male, non-university graduates, and young managers were specifically more concerned in implementing task than people style of leadership. The study concludes that any change in Jordanian managers' leadership styles, can be achieved through cultural change in managerial values, and can benefit from the prevailing styles in other culture...
The impact of national culture on organizational structure and culture : an examination of the cu... more The impact of national culture on organizational structure and culture : an examination of the culture bound and culture freehypotheses in a Jordanian context، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Abstract: This study investigates the defining characteristics of Arab management and takes into ... more Abstract: This study investigates the defining characteristics of Arab management and takes into account the impact of societal and cultural factors on Arab managerial practices that provoked different opinions in the field of management thought. The proposition merits investigation because it takes place in the wake of the Arab Spring that emphasizes democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, any evaluation of the underlying causes of this turmoil would recognize that a fundamental transformation in Arab management and leadership styles is also required; a transformation that creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, and to keep pace with the rapidly developing societal and cultural environment. To achieve its objective, the study adopts a qualitative content analysis that incorporates the review and analysis of different studies that highlight features of Arab societal culture and the varied perspectives of Arab management styles....
Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In t... more Knowledge management (KM) has become well established in organization and management theory. In their enthusiastic quest in the field of knowledge management, organization theorists and information system developers however, mostly discussed knowledge management from one single perspective, overlooking the need to treating it from a multidisciplinary perspective, by means of relating it to different factors such as information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI). This study aims to fill this gap. It seeks to examine the interrelationship between knowledge management, information technology and artificial intelligence. It argues that knowledge management is not just computer and information systems; it embodies organizational processes that seek to augment the creative, intelligent, and innovative capacity of human beings. Therefore, there are moral and ethical implications of artificial intelligences that need to be raised and discussed.
This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obs... more This study explores state of human capital in the Arab business environment and discusses its obstacles and futuristic stance. It adopts an analytical approach and presents an investigation of Leaders’ role in creating a supporting culture for human capital in which they share the management's vision and being aware of their role in achieving it. The study sets a proposed framework on how to transform Arab bureaucracies into knowledge creating organizations by means of a transformational leadership that has the ability to create the right culture in which information sharing, learning and knowledge formation should be part of the organizational norm. The topic merits investigation because it takes place at a time when Arab youths are emphasizing democratic change in Arab leadership styles and political systems. Hence, a fundamental transformation, which creates an acceptance and eagerness to do things differently, is required in Arab management and leadership styles to keep pace...
Journal of Transnational Management
Journal of Education and Vocational Research
This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher ed... more This study provides an in depth assessment of the main drivers of risk impeding private higher education institutions in Jordan. The study adopts an analytical approach that incorporates reviewing available literature and conducting interviews and discussions with some shareholders and board of trustees' members in addition to faculty members and students of private universities. The analysis revealed that although private universities in Jordan are making progress and provide important contributions to the economy, however, they face important strategic and operational risks in addition to other compliance, financial and reputational risks. These risks include educational delivery systems, quality of academic programs, executive management, competition, and utilization of new technologies, compliance with accrediting agencies, financial issues, societal perception, students' violence, and demographic challenges. The study concludes that private universities need to place ri...