richard burger | Yale University (original) (raw)

Papers by richard burger

Latin American Antiquity, 2000

In 1999, the Quispisisa Source of obsidian was located in the Province of Huanca Sancos in centra... more In 1999, the Quispisisa Source of obsidian was located in the Province of Huanca Sancos in central Ayacucho near the village of Sacsamarca. This discovery has been confirmed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) by comparing the neautron activation analyses of source samples with artifacts. The Quispisisa source of volcanic glass provided the raw material for most of the obsidian artifacts utilized in central and northern Peru throughout prehispanic times.

Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization , 1992

Synthesis of the origins of Andean civilization.

Archaeological Research Facility, Jun 1, 1977

... From The Andes: New Perspectives On Pre-Hispanic Economic Interaction In Peru And Bolivia Ric... more ... From The Andes: New Perspectives On Pre-Hispanic Economic Interaction In Peru And Bolivia Richard Burger and Frank Asaro ... tools were used as early as Preceramic times and continued to be popular through the Middle Horizon. The techniques of neutron activation ...

... Anthropology in the Margins of the State. Veena Das and Deborah Poole, eds. ... Three chapter... more ... Anthropology in the Margins of the State. Veena Das and Deborah Poole, eds. ... Three chapters deal with populations labeled “indigenous” and, thus, seen as subjects to be man-aged, in Guatemala (Diane Nelson), Peru (Deborah Poole), and South Africa (Adam Ashforth). ...

Latin American Antiquity, 2007

Journal of Field Archaeology, 1991

The 1987/1988 field season at the U-shaped civic ceremonial center of Cardal in the Lurin Valley,... more The 1987/1988 field season at the U-shaped civic ceremonial center of Cardal in the Lurin Valley, Peru, included mapping and excavation ofpublic and domestic architecture. Occu-pied from 1150 to 800 bc, Cardal provides evidence of a more elaborate ground plan than was ...

American Anthropologist, 1989

tions of international relations and ethnic movements in first millennium B.C. (Iron Age and Acha... more tions of international relations and ethnic movements in first millennium B.C. (Iron Age and Achaemenid) north and central Iran are comprehensively reviewed (Levine), and a greatly transformed Khuzistan is revisited for a discussion of the late pre-Islamic imperial adaptations of the Parthian and Sasanian periods (Wenke).

The Handbook of South American Archaeology, 2008

... Ernst Middendorf, a German physician, visited Chavín de Huántar and identified it as the capi... more ... Ernst Middendorf, a German physician, visited Chavín de Huántar and identified it as the capital of an early empire that included sites in the Casma Valley such as Moxeke and Chankillo as well as other coastal and highland sites the high-lands (Middendorf 1974, Vol. ...

Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, 2012

Journal of Field Archaeology, 2002

Journal of Archaeological Science, 2001

Ceramics from Ancó n and Garagay, two early sites on the central coast of Peru, are analysed to v... more Ceramics from Ancó n and Garagay, two early sites on the central coast of Peru, are analysed to verify the existence of ceramic exchange. The analysis technique are petrography, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). The results are compared to a larger data bank including ceramics from the sites of Chavín de Huántar, Pallka, Huaricoto and smaller sites in the Nepeñ a valley. The analyses yield interesting information on ceramic production, which is mostly local, and unexpected results regarding the lack of compositional similarities between the ceramics analysed from Ancó n and Garagay. The results suggest that, although the sites are close to each other, interactions and ceramic exchange should be sought for among communities within the same drainage.

Environmental Science & Technology, 2013

Both cinnabar (HgS) and metallic mercury (Hg 0 ) were important resources throughout Andean prehi... more Both cinnabar (HgS) and metallic mercury (Hg 0 ) were important resources throughout Andean prehistory. Cinnabar was used for millennia to make vermillion, a red pigment that was highly valued in pre-Hispanic Peru; metallic Hg 0 has been used since the mid-16th century to conduct mercury amalgamation, an efficient process of extracting precious metals from ores. However, little is known about which cinnabar deposits were exploited by pre-Hispanic cultures, and the environmental consequences of Hg mining and amalgamation remain enigmatic. Here we use Hg isotopes to source archeological cinnabar and to fingerprint Hg pollution preserved in lake sediment cores from Peru and the Galaṕagos Islands. Both pre-Inca (pre-1400 AD) and Colonial (1532−1821 AD) archeological artifacts contain cinnabar that matches isotopically with cinnabar ores from Huancavelica, Peru, the largest cinnabar-bearing district in Central and South America. In contrast, the Inca (1400−1532 AD) artifacts sampled are characterized by a unique Hg isotopic composition. In addition, preindustrial (i.e., pre-1900 AD) Hg pollution preserved in lake sediments matches closely the isotopic composition of cinnabar from the Peruvian Andes. Industrial-era Hg pollution, in contrast, is distinct isotopically from preindustrial emissions, suggesting that pre-and postindustrial Hg emissions may be distinguished isotopically in lake sediment cores.

Science, 1998

Excavations at Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) (16°30'S) in south coastal Peru demonstrated that Pal... more Excavations at Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) (16°30'S) in south coastal Peru demonstrated that Paleoindian-age people of the Terminal Pleistocene (about 11,100 to 10,000 carbon-14 years before the present or about 13,000 to 11,000 calibrated years before the present) in South America relied on marine resources while resident on the coast, which extends the South American record of maritime exploitation by a millennium. This site supports recent evidence that Paleoindian-age people had diverse subsistence systems. The presence of obsidian at QJ-280 shows that the inhabitants had contact with the adjacent Andean highlands during the Terminal Pleistocene.

Latin American Antiquity, 2000

In 1999, the Quispisisa Source of obsidian was located in the Province of Huanca Sancos in centra... more In 1999, the Quispisisa Source of obsidian was located in the Province of Huanca Sancos in central Ayacucho near the village of Sacsamarca. This discovery has been confirmed at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) by comparing the neautron activation analyses of source samples with artifacts. The Quispisisa source of volcanic glass provided the raw material for most of the obsidian artifacts utilized in central and northern Peru throughout prehispanic times.

Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization , 1992

Synthesis of the origins of Andean civilization.

Archaeological Research Facility, Jun 1, 1977

... From The Andes: New Perspectives On Pre-Hispanic Economic Interaction In Peru And Bolivia Ric... more ... From The Andes: New Perspectives On Pre-Hispanic Economic Interaction In Peru And Bolivia Richard Burger and Frank Asaro ... tools were used as early as Preceramic times and continued to be popular through the Middle Horizon. The techniques of neutron activation ...

... Anthropology in the Margins of the State. Veena Das and Deborah Poole, eds. ... Three chapter... more ... Anthropology in the Margins of the State. Veena Das and Deborah Poole, eds. ... Three chapters deal with populations labeled “indigenous” and, thus, seen as subjects to be man-aged, in Guatemala (Diane Nelson), Peru (Deborah Poole), and South Africa (Adam Ashforth). ...

Latin American Antiquity, 2007

Journal of Field Archaeology, 1991

The 1987/1988 field season at the U-shaped civic ceremonial center of Cardal in the Lurin Valley,... more The 1987/1988 field season at the U-shaped civic ceremonial center of Cardal in the Lurin Valley, Peru, included mapping and excavation ofpublic and domestic architecture. Occu-pied from 1150 to 800 bc, Cardal provides evidence of a more elaborate ground plan than was ...

American Anthropologist, 1989

tions of international relations and ethnic movements in first millennium B.C. (Iron Age and Acha... more tions of international relations and ethnic movements in first millennium B.C. (Iron Age and Achaemenid) north and central Iran are comprehensively reviewed (Levine), and a greatly transformed Khuzistan is revisited for a discussion of the late pre-Islamic imperial adaptations of the Parthian and Sasanian periods (Wenke).

The Handbook of South American Archaeology, 2008

... Ernst Middendorf, a German physician, visited Chavín de Huántar and identified it as the capi... more ... Ernst Middendorf, a German physician, visited Chavín de Huántar and identified it as the capital of an early empire that included sites in the Casma Valley such as Moxeke and Chankillo as well as other coastal and highland sites the high-lands (Middendorf 1974, Vol. ...

Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, 2012

Journal of Field Archaeology, 2002

Journal of Archaeological Science, 2001

Ceramics from Ancó n and Garagay, two early sites on the central coast of Peru, are analysed to v... more Ceramics from Ancó n and Garagay, two early sites on the central coast of Peru, are analysed to verify the existence of ceramic exchange. The analysis technique are petrography, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). The results are compared to a larger data bank including ceramics from the sites of Chavín de Huántar, Pallka, Huaricoto and smaller sites in the Nepeñ a valley. The analyses yield interesting information on ceramic production, which is mostly local, and unexpected results regarding the lack of compositional similarities between the ceramics analysed from Ancó n and Garagay. The results suggest that, although the sites are close to each other, interactions and ceramic exchange should be sought for among communities within the same drainage.

Environmental Science & Technology, 2013

Both cinnabar (HgS) and metallic mercury (Hg 0 ) were important resources throughout Andean prehi... more Both cinnabar (HgS) and metallic mercury (Hg 0 ) were important resources throughout Andean prehistory. Cinnabar was used for millennia to make vermillion, a red pigment that was highly valued in pre-Hispanic Peru; metallic Hg 0 has been used since the mid-16th century to conduct mercury amalgamation, an efficient process of extracting precious metals from ores. However, little is known about which cinnabar deposits were exploited by pre-Hispanic cultures, and the environmental consequences of Hg mining and amalgamation remain enigmatic. Here we use Hg isotopes to source archeological cinnabar and to fingerprint Hg pollution preserved in lake sediment cores from Peru and the Galaṕagos Islands. Both pre-Inca (pre-1400 AD) and Colonial (1532−1821 AD) archeological artifacts contain cinnabar that matches isotopically with cinnabar ores from Huancavelica, Peru, the largest cinnabar-bearing district in Central and South America. In contrast, the Inca (1400−1532 AD) artifacts sampled are characterized by a unique Hg isotopic composition. In addition, preindustrial (i.e., pre-1900 AD) Hg pollution preserved in lake sediments matches closely the isotopic composition of cinnabar from the Peruvian Andes. Industrial-era Hg pollution, in contrast, is distinct isotopically from preindustrial emissions, suggesting that pre-and postindustrial Hg emissions may be distinguished isotopically in lake sediment cores.

Science, 1998

Excavations at Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) (16°30'S) in south coastal Peru demonstrated that Pal... more Excavations at Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) (16°30'S) in south coastal Peru demonstrated that Paleoindian-age people of the Terminal Pleistocene (about 11,100 to 10,000 carbon-14 years before the present or about 13,000 to 11,000 calibrated years before the present) in South America relied on marine resources while resident on the coast, which extends the South American record of maritime exploitation by a millennium. This site supports recent evidence that Paleoindian-age people had diverse subsistence systems. The presence of obsidian at QJ-280 shows that the inhabitants had contact with the adjacent Andean highlands during the Terminal Pleistocene.

Andean Past 2 includes the following articles: "Chobschi Cave in Retrospect" by Thomas F. Lynch; ... more Andean Past 2 includes the following articles: "Chobschi Cave in Retrospect" by Thomas F. Lynch; "The Sources of Obsidian for Artifacts from Chobschi Cave, Ecuador" by Richard L. Burger, Frank Asaro, and Helen V. Michel; "Settlement Archaeology in the Jauja Region of Peru: Evidence from the Early Intermediate Period through the Late Intermediate Period: A Report on the 1986 Field Season" by Christine A. Hastorf, Timothy K. Earle, H. E. Wright Jr., Lisa LeCount, Glenn Russell, and Elsie Sandefur; Chan Chan: Chronology and Stratigraphic Contents" by Alfredo Navaez V.; and "Charles-Marie de La Condamine's Report on Ingapirca and the Development of Scientific Field Work in the Andes, 1735-1744" by Monica Barnes and David Fleming