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Citation: Roberta Perego (2016) First Experience with Photobiomodulation (Pbm) in Post-Surgical W... more Citation: Roberta Perego (2016) First Experience with Photobiomodulation (Pbm) in Post-Surgical Wound Healing In Dogs. J Vet Clin Pract petCare 1: 1-6.

Citation: Eva Spada (2016) Screening Feline Blood Donors for Bartonella henselae Infection: Compa... more Citation: Eva Spada (2016) Screening Feline Blood Donors for Bartonella henselae Infection: Comparison between Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Results. J Vet Clin Pract Pet Care 1: 1-9. Abstract In order to minimize pathogen transmission, all blood donors should be appropriately screened for infectious agents. Screening for Bartonella spp. infection in feline blood donors is a recommended practice in veterinary blood banks across the world. The aim of this study was to compare results of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in identifying Bar-tonella henselae antibodies with the results of PCR amplification of Bartonella spp. DNA to establish the best IFAT cut off to identify non-bacteremic cats. A secondary aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinicopathologic factors that may be associated with Bartonella henselae infection status. From a population of stray cats in Milan city, 82 serum samples were evaluated by IFAT for Bartonella henselae anti-bodies and PCR was performed on 90 whole blood samples for amplification of Bartonella spp. DNA. A total of 14/82 (17.1%) samples were seropositive with an IFAT titer ≥1:64 (cutoff for infection). Bartonella spp. DNA was identified in 11/90 (12.2%) samples by PCR. Overall 20/90 (22.2%) infected cats were identified by either IFAT ≥1:64 and/or PCR-positive results. Hyperbetaglobu-linemia (P=0.02) and originating from zone 2 of Milan city (P=0.03) were statistically associated with positive Bartonella infection status. The overall IFAT sensitivity was 50.0%, specificity 87.5%, positive predictive value 35.7% and negative predictive value was 92.65%. The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.747 (P=0.0032) and that an IFAT cut off<1:32 had the highest sensitivity in identifying Bartonella PCR-negative cats. When feline blood donors undergo serological screening for Bartonella henselae infection an IFAT cut off <1:32 has the highest sensitivity for identifying non-bacteremic cats. However some serologically negative cats could be bacteremic and therefore screening of a feline blood donor using a combination of IFAT and PCR is recommended. Protein electrophore-sis should be performed in all potential donor cats.

Citation: D. Proverbio(2016) The Use of Two Clinical Staging Systems of Canine Leishmaniasis in A... more Citation: D. Proverbio(2016) The Use of Two Clinical Staging Systems of Canine Leishmaniasis in A Clinical Setting: A Critical Evaluation. J Vet Clin Pract petCare 1: 1-7. Abstract Objective: To evaluate the use in practice and agreement between , two classification systems: Solano-Gallego (LEISH-VET SYSTEM) and Canine Leishmaniasis Working Group (CLWG) clinical staging systems in a population of dogs with leishmaniasis. Methods: Clinicopathological data extracted from medical records of dogs previously diagnosed with leishmaniasis was evaluated using the two staging systems. Dogs that did not meet the criteria for classification were defined as unclassi-fied. The agreement between the two staging methods was evaluated using unweighted K statistic (k) and Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation (rho). Statistical significance was P < 0.05. Results: Eighty dogs met the inclusion criteria. There were 3 dogs in LEISHVET SYSTEM stage I, 52 dogs in LEISHVET SYSTEM stage II, 12 dogs in LEISHVET SYSTEM stage III, 6 dogs in LEISHVET SYSTEM stage IV and 7 dogs unclassified. No dog was in CLWG stage A or B, 56 dogs were in CLWG stage C, 23 dogs in CLWG stage D and 1 dog unclassified. k value: 0.669, rho: 0.558, with P<0.0001. Clinic significance: Despite the different number of clinical stages between the two systems, the classification of dogs with or without proteinuria and renal involvement was possible with both methods. LEISHVET SYSTEM distinguishes among the different levels of proteinuria and serum creati-nine concentration in the staging. CLWG system identifies a cut off value for these parameters only to formulate a prognosis. Despite the presence of discordances, there was good agreement between the two systems in the staging of CanL.

Citation: M. Masucci (2016) Serum Phenobarbital Concentrations and Timing of Blood Collection in ... more Citation: M. Masucci (2016) Serum Phenobarbital Concentrations and Timing of Blood Collection in Epileptic Dogs on Chronic Treatment. J Vet Clin Pract PetCare 1: 1-6. Abstract Aims: To assess whether there are significant changes in serum phenobarbital concentrations (SPC) within a dosing interval in epileptic dogs on chronic treatment and whether higher doses, prolonged duration of phenobarbital treatment, body weight, age, gender and concurrent treatment with potassium bromide are associated with significant changes between SPC at two (T2) and twelve (T12) hours after drug administration. Methods : Medical records of epileptic dogs on phenobarbital treatment were retrospectively analyzed. SPC were measured at T2 and T12 in 42 pairs of blood samples of dogs treated with a twice daily stable oral dose of phenobarbital for a minimum of three weeks. Results: SPC were significantly higher at T2 compared to T12 samples. There was no significant correlation between drug dosage and SPC at T2 nor at T12. The difference between T2 and T12 SPC were positively correlated with the drug dosage but not with duration of treatment, weight and age of the dogs. Significant differences in variations of SPC were not detected between males and female and between dogs receiving phenobarbital alone and those under concomitant treatment with potassium bromide. Conclusions: Timing of blood collection is important to measure SPC in dogs under long-term treatment with phe-nobarbital and peak and trough values should be evaluated, mainly in animals on higher doses of the drug. Further studies would be useful to detect the optimum interval between drug administration and peak sampling in dogs which have reached the steady state with therapeutic doses as happens in clinical practice.

Citation: Remo Lobetti (2016) Retrospective Studyof Adrenal Gland Ultrasonography in Dogs with No... more Citation: Remo Lobetti (2016) Retrospective Studyof Adrenal Gland Ultrasonography in Dogs with Normal and Abnormal ACTH Stimulation Test. J Vet Clin Pract petCare 1: 1-6. Abstract Objective: To identify adrenal ultrasonography parameters that can be used to identify dogs with hypoadrenocorticism. Design: Retrospective review of adrenal gland measurements and morphology in 56 client-owned dogs presented for a variety of medical reasons suspicious for possible hypoadreno-corticism. Setting : Private veterinary practice. Animals: 81 client-owned dogs. Interventions: Based on adrenal gland measurements and morphology and an ACTH stimulation test, dogs were divided into two groups: hypoadrenocorticism (Group 1,37 dogs) and a non-hypoadrenocorticism (Group 2, 19 dogs). In addition there was a control group of healthy dogs (Group 3, 25 dogs). Measurements and Main Results: The median right adrenal length in Group 1-3 was 1.75 cm, 1.8 cm, and 2.03 cm, respectively. Median left adrenal length in Group 1-3 was 1.77 cm, 2.08 cm, and 2.1 cm, respectively. There was no statistically difference between the right and left adrenal gland and within groups. Median right adrenal thickness in Group 1-3 was 0.34 cm, 0.37 cm, and 0.6 cm, respectively. Median left adrenal thickness in Group 1-3 was 0.31 cm, 0.4 cm, and 0.6 cm, respectively. In both right and left measurements, groups 1 and 2 were statistically different from group 3 but there was no statistical difference between groups 1 and 2. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Although not a specific finding, the ultrasound detection of small, flattened, isoec-hoic adrenal glands should be an alert for possible hypoad-renocorticism, prompting further testingand therapeutic intervention .