Hamid Ghafarian | Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (original) (raw)

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Suicide is one of the major social and mental health problems throughout the world. Suicide is th... more Suicide is one of the major social and mental health problems throughout the world. Suicide is the third cause of death in adolescents and seventh in youth's death. Regarding young population of country and increase in the suicide rate in recent years it is necessary to study suicide effective factors. This study aims to determine influence of effective factors on suicide in study area. Materials and methods: In this evidence-based case study all suicide committers were investigated who were randomly selected in each day of a weak during one year in emergency ward or hospitals of Yasuj and were consented to participate. 157 suicide and two subjects for each attempt were studied which were matched by gender and age as control. Chance and confidence interval 95% were estimated for effective factors in committing suicide. Suicide committing model was calculated and reported based on various factors using multivariate logistic regression and SPSS software. Findings: the widely used way for committing suicide was consuming drugs and self-immolation and the highest mortality was related to self-immolation. Suicide committing chance in individuals suffering from mental disorder, physical disorder, death of relatives, history of committing suicide, weakness in religious beliefs increases 12, 11.70, 10.75, 7.48 and 6.50 times, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: the most common cause of suicide as family struggles and emotional problems, so it is necessary to investigate and operate suitable and continuous solutions for prevention and care. [Marziyeh Hosseini, Reza Ghafarian Shirazi, Abasali Karimi, Mohamad Taher Rezanejad, Hamid Reza Ghafarian Shirazi, The study of committing suicide and its related factors in a control case study. J Am Sci 2013; 9(8s):9-14]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 3

Introduction: Nowadays, suicide is one of the main social and mental health problems in the world... more Introduction: Nowadays, suicide is one of the main social and mental health problems in the world. It is the third death factor among adolescents and the seventh among the youth. As Iran's population is young, paying attention to the problem is necessary. The objective of the study was epidemiological investigation of suicide and the associating factors in Boyer-Ahmad County. Materials and methodology: In this descriptive-analytical study, all cases of attempting suicide, which were on randomly selected days in one year (2008-2009), were reviewed and finally 157 cases participated in the project. They had turned to the emergency department every week over one year or had been admitted to the hospitals in Yasuj and had been willing to cooperate with the project. Through the use of SPSS statistical software and reporting the central and dispersion indicators, frequency distribution table and chi-square test, the data was analyzed. Findings: Fifty two percent of the population under study was female and %51 was residing in urban areas. The highest grades of the cases attempting suicide were related to Saturdays and Thursdays with %20 and May. June, February. March with %12. Suicide has been attempted most among the age group of 19-25. Sixty six percent of the injured had attempted suicide by means of drug and poison, %33 through self-immolation and %1 by hanging themselves. Seven percent of the suicide attempters died, %45 was damaged and %48 was physically recovered. The death rate resulting from the use of drug was %1, self-immolation %16 and hanging %100. Self-immolation has been attempted most by the use of petroleum (%87) and then petrol (%13). Mean and standard deviation of treatment duration were 56.1± 2.3. The rate of attempting suicide and its 95% confidence interval was estimated 80.74 (77.73 and 83.75) individuals among females, 50.31 (47.69 and 52.91) among males and 65.04 (62.24 and 67.84) among total population from among one hundred individuals. Death rate resulting from suicide as well was estimated 9.34 (7.44 and 10.24) individuals among females, 5.33 (4.13 and 6.53) among males and 7.34 (5.83 and 8.84) among total population from among one hundred people. Discussion and conclusion: In the region under study, the rate of attempting suicide and the resulting death is higher than the national average and lower than the rate in Ilam a province in Iran. Comparing with Christian, Buddhist and some Muslim countries like Turkey, these rates are lower, but higher compared with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the Emirates. Mostly, family conflicts and love failure are the causes of attempting suicide; and appropriate and sustainable solutions are to be reviewed and become operational for prevention and treatment of this health and medical problem.

Introduction: Gender differences in schizophrenia include the age of onset, better treatment resp... more Introduction: Gender differences in schizophrenia include the age of onset, better treatment response, a better outcome , and the peak of the disease in postmenopausal women. Some evidence indicates that these variations are due to estrogen's effect. The intention of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of estrogen as an adjuvant agent in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Study participants were 32 women of childbearing age with chronic schizophrenia. These patients were hospitalized in an institute for the chronically mentally ill. Participants were randomized into two groups: the first group (16 cases) received conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day 4 weeks with their previous antipsychotic treatment, while the second group (16 cases) received placebo booster and antipsychotics. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used as a measurement tool for assessing psychopathology. Results: The combination of conjugated estrogens with antipsychotic treatment showed a significant decrease in positive (p=0.003), negative (p<0.001), general (p<0.001) and total (p<0.001) PANSS scores over 4 weeks. Conclusions: Estro-gen may be an effective adjuvant agent in the treatment of women with chronic schizophrenia. Abstract Introduction

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder worldwide, including in Iran, and is esti... more Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder worldwide, including in Iran, and is estimated to affect 10%–15% of the population. Antidepressant drugs can have multiple side effects, so a good choice of drug is important for successful treatment. This study compared the efficacy of nortriptyline with that of fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder and assessed related factors, including age, gender, and level of education. Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial with a six-month follow-up period. Participants were 120 patients aged 15–60 years with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on a psychiatry interview and the Beck depression rating scale, which were performed at the beginning, middle, and end of the study. The patients were treated with nortriptyline or fluoxetine. The paired t-test, independent t-test, and the k chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-three patients dropped out and 97 remained in the trial. Before intervention, the mean depression score was 32.85 ± 6.23 in the nortriptyline group and 33.12 ± 6.50 in the fluoxetine group. The results of the independent t-test showed a significant difference between depression score means before and after treatment in both groups. Changes at the end of the trial compared with baseline scores were 13.4 ± 4.68 and 16.96 ± 4.96 for nortriptyline and fluoxetine, respectively. Paired t-testing showed a significant difference in the mean depression score for both the nortriptyline and fluoxetine groups. Age, gender, and level of education had no significant effects on the outcome of treatment in the two groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that both nortriptyline and fluoxetine were effective in the treatment of depression, but that fluoxetine was more effective than nortriptyline after 3 and 6 months of treatment.

Beauty is one of the important today's people concerns; the facial wrinkles are including problem... more Beauty is one of the important today's people concerns; the facial wrinkles are including problems of beauty. Today, new non-invasive treatments such as using micro currents in treatment of wrinkles and skin renewal have been used. This study is aimed to determine the effect of Micro-Current in the treatment of facial wrinkles. in this before and after clinical trial, thirty women with three requirements; 1.having less than 45 years of age 2.wrinkles and 3.no skin problems have participated. The cases were treated with micro current for twenty minutes on their face areas, for thirty consecutive sessions. Photos were taken from patients faces at the beginning, end and one month after treatment. Three independent blinded reviewers have rated wrinkles in photos. Also patients have evaluated their treatment. The best results belonged to forehead 18.37% in first step (before and after treatment) and 21.18% in second step (after treatment and one month later) and the lowest rate in treatment belonged to nose and mouth region; 7.61% in first step and 5.85% in second step. Micro current, recovers facial wrinkles, this recovery was better in the frontal area comparing the nose and mouth. Also comparing the scores of photos, immediately after treatment and one month later shows that not only the effect of treatment has been stable but also the started recovery procedure has been continued after treatment. Treatment satisfaction among patients was over 70%. [Saniee F.

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indices of the social, economical, cultural... more Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indices of the social, economical, cultural and health status of a country. The aim of this study was to draw up life tables for the rural population of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2007 and estimate the life expectancy for males and females. A total of 60 561 deaths among 11 463 702 males and 44 055 deaths among 10 999 627 females were studied. Life expectancy at birth was estimated by the direct and indirect methods. The results were consistent using both methods. Life expectancies at birth for men and women in the rural population in 2007 were 72.2 and 73.9 years respectively and the total was 73.0 years. The percentage of women aged over 65 years was 5.9% and of men was 6.4%. The trend of life expectancy for men and women over the past 30 years showed a 31.0% increase for men and 31.3% for women. [. Life expectancy at birth for the rural population of Islamic Republic of Iran by sex and age groups, 2007. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):1180-1183]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 165

Although the rate of suicide is low in Muslim countries, there is evidence that it is increasing.... more Although the rate of suicide is low in Muslim countries, there is evidence that it is increasing. An integrated analysis was made of data on suicide attempts (nonfatal and fatal) from studies carried out in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1981 to 2007. Of 54 published studies concerning suicide, 48 (covering 26 768 cases of attempted suicide) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean rate of suicide attempts was 26.5 per 100 000 and the average rate of death by suicide was 6.7 per 100 000. The mean age of suicide attempters was 25 years; on average 41.8% were male, 50.5% single and 70.0% from urban areas. Most suicide attempters were not working: 54.2% on average were housewives, 24.5% students and 21.0% unemployed men. Medical history showed that 16.2% of suicide attempters had a history of disability and 42.0% had a history of psychological disorders. The rates were compared with studies from other nations/religious groups. Suicides en République islamique d'Iran : une analyse intégrée de 1981 à 2007 RÉSUMÉ Même si le taux de suicide est faible dans les pays musulmans, des données indiquent que celui-ci est en hausse. Une analyse intégrée a été menée sur des données de tentatives de suicide (mortelles ou non) extraites d'études menées en République islamique d'Iran entre 1981 et 2007. Sur 54 études publiées sur le sujet, 48 d'entre elles, couvrant 26 768 cas de tentatives de suicide, correspondaient aux critères d'inclusion. Le taux moyen pondéré de tentatives de suicide était de 26,5 pour 100 000 et le taux moyen de décès par suicide était de 6,7 pour 100 000. L'âge moyen des personnes ayant fait une tentative de suicide était de 25 ans ; 41,8 % de ces personnes en moyenne étaient de sexe masculin ; 50,5 % étaient célibataires et 70,0 % vivaient en milieu urbain. La majorité d'entre elles ne travaillaient pas : parmi elles, 54,2 % en moyenne étaient des femmes au foyer, 24,5 % des étudiants et 21,0 % des hommes sans emploi. Les dossiers médicaux ont permis de révéler que 16,2 % des personnes ayant tenté de se suicider avaient des antécédents d'incapacité et 42,0 % des antécédents de troubles psychologiques. Les taux ont été comparés aux résultats d'études d'autres pays ou de différents groupes religieux.

Studying the status of general heath in patients suffering from heart failure is crucially import... more Studying the status of general heath in patients suffering from heart failure is crucially important taking the increasing prevalence of this disease and its impacts on total lifestyle of the patient and his/her family. This study aims at comparing the general health of patients with acute heart failure with control group during the outbreak of failure and three months after the failure. This study was conducted based on a linear case-study comprising subjects of control and den-like respondents over 83 patients suffering from heart failure and 83 people as the accompanies or neighbors of patient who are consistent with him/her in terms of gender and age were selected as the control group. From the beginning of patient's admission and three months later, they were studied with the GHQ28 Standard questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and the core indices, scatter and student x 2 and t tests. 78 percent of patients and 22 percent of control group had difficulties with respect to general health. The general health of patients had a significant difference in the beginning and three months later. However, this difference was not significant in the controls. During three months follow up, the patients had a lower general heath in comparison with the control group. This difference increased after three months. The probability of incidence of heart failure in patients having general health problem was 4.85 times more than other individuals. General health problems are considered as the effective risk factors for the incidence of heart failure and exacerbating it. It is necessary to take the trainings about how to control mental pressures and promotion of general health into consideration in order to prevent from MI and also its better recovery.

Acta medica Iranica, 2011