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Papers by Gangadhara Somayaji

Полоцкий государственый университет, Oct 1, 2016

九州大学産業労働研究所, Feb 1, 1967

In recent years the number of bicycles with e-motors has been increased steadily. Within the pede... more In recent years the number of bicycles with e-motors has been increased steadily. Within the pedelec-bikes where an e-motor supports the pedaling-a special group of transportation bikes has developed. These bikes have storage boxes in addition to the basic parts of a bike. Due to the space available on top of those boxes it is possible to install a PV system to generate electricity which could be used to recharge the battery of the pedelec. Such a system would lead to grid independent charging of the battery and to the possibility of an increased range of motor support. The feasibility of such a PV system is investigated for a three wheeled pedelec delivered by the company BABBOE NORDIC. The measured data of the electricity generation of this mobile system is compared to the possible electricity generation of a stationary system.

Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between ... more Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between exposure to recreational sound/music and the presence of tinnitus are scarce. This study was conducted to assess relationship between tinnitus and the use of personal sound system(PSS) in medical students. Materials and Methods A questionnaire based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected medical students to assess their sound habits with the use of PSS. Information on commonly used intensity, frequency, duration of use, type of earphones and severity of tinnitus was sought. Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was also performed. Results The prevalence of tinnitus was found to be 33%, which was on the higher side of the global prevalence data. All the medical students surveyed in this study used personal sound system. Majority of the students (45%) used PSS less than 1 hour daily. More than 60% of the students complaining of tinnitus preferred louder settings in their PSS....

The Internet Journal of Head and Neck Surgery, 2010

Objective: This is the report of a case of complete second branchial cleft fistula. The main obje... more Objective: This is the report of a case of complete second branchial cleft fistula. The main objective of this report is to highlight the use of fistulogram for the diagnosis and to suggest the use of rigid guide wire like the tonsil snare wire for the excision.Case report: A 12-year-old girl who presented with an intermittent mucoid discharge from the external opening in the neck on the right side was diagnosed to have a second branchial cleft fistula. A preoperative fistulogram revealed the tract up to the tonsillar fossa. Complete excision of the tract was done by a two step neck incision using tonsillar snare wire as the guide.Conclusion: Though second branchial fistulae are common, complete fistulae are rare and this merits the publication of this report. The report also stresses on the need to perform a preoperative fistulogram and the advantage of using the tonsil snare wire for excision.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing and lethal form of fungal infec... more Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing and lethal form of fungal infection in humans which usually begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses and can extend to CNS. A 68 year old lady with poorly controlled diabetes presented with fever, disorientation, headache and left sided LMN type of facial palsy. ENT examination revealed a palatal ulcer and mucopus in middle meatus. MRI revealed an infarct in the territory of left superior cerebellar artery and haziness and mucosal thickening in the left maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. Patient underwent endoscopic medial maxillectomy and debridement of palatal ulcer. Postoperative histopathology was suggestive of zygomycosis. Patient was subsequently treated with Amphotericin B for 4 weeks with good recovery. This case is being reported for its rarity as mucormycosis presenting with cerebellar signs has not been reported in the English literature so far.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-di... more Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-digestive tract which causes a variety of symptoms such as cough, hoarseness and asthma. In this study, we observed the changes seen in the microbiological flora in the pharyngeal wall mucosa in patientswith laryngopharyngeal reflux. A prospective study was conducted on 35 patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and 15 control patients in the ENT department in a tertiary care hospital. Swabs were taken from all the patients from the posterior pharyngeal wall and sent for microbiological analysis. Among the 35 patients with LPRD symptoms, 14.29% patients had normal pharyngeal flora, 21.88% isolates were of Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species), while 26.67% isolates were having Gram positive bacteria-(Staphylococcus aureus-70% isolates, Enterococcus species-20% isolates, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus-10%). 50%of patients had isolates from the group of Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli-12.5%, Klebsiella species-37.50%, Citrobacter-6.25%; Enterobacter species-43.75%). The presence of bacterial flora in the posterior pharyngeal wall increases with the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease with the predominant organism belonging to Enterobactericeae group.

Research and Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-di... more Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-digestive tract which causes a variety of symptoms such as cough, hoarseness and asthma. In this study, we observed the changes seen in the microbiological flora in the pharyngeal wall mucosa in patientswith laryngopharyngeal reflux. A prospective study was conducted on 35 patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and 15 control patients in the ENT department in a tertiary care hospital. Swabs were taken from all the patients from the posterior pharyngeal wall and sent for microbiological analysis. Among the 35 patients with LPRD symptoms, 14.29% patients had normal pharyngeal flora, 21.88% isolates were of Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species), while 26.67% isolates were having Gram positive bacteria – (Staphylococcus aureus – 70% isolates, Enterococcus species – 20% isolates, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus – 10%). 50%of patient...

The aims of this study are to find out the significance of adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio obtained ... more The aims of this study are to find out the significance of adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio obtained from lateral X-Ray of nasopharynx to decide on the option of surgical treatment of adenoid and to correlate the symptoms with the relative size of adenoid in the nasopharynx. This prospective study was done on 100 children who presented with bilateral nasal obstruction from 412years of age. Radiological assessment of lateral radiograph of nasopharynx was done. Mean adenoidal depth and mean nasopharyngeal depth were calculated as per Yusuf et al method. Mean ANR was calculated by dividing adenoidal depth by nasopharyngeal depth. There was significant increase in adenoid size during 7-9 years and decrease in 10-12 years, the nasopharyngeal depth increased as age progressed. It was concluded that ANR > 0.7 are the candidates for adenoidectomy.

International journal of scientific research, 2020

Objective:To measure hearing loss in students using personal music players and mobiles with ear p... more Objective:To measure hearing loss in students using personal music players and mobiles with ear phones. Methods:Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was performed on 122 students - 61 personal listening device users and 61 non-users. Results:Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the test group. Thus there is a strong relationship between hearing threshold and daily use of portable music players. Hearing loss occurred in 36.06% of students using ear phones. The variables like “duration of usage” of ear phones and “years of usage”had a poor correlation whereas the variable loudness has a good correlation. Conclusion:Portable music players can have a deleterious effect on hearing threshold. Users of PLDs should sensibly control the loudness so as to avoid developing NIHL.

Otolaryngology online journal, 2015

Objective: To study microbiology of external auditory canal in patients with itchy ears and to al... more Objective: To study microbiology of external auditory canal in patients with itchy ears and to also study susceptibility profiles of patho-genic organisms to aid in appropriate man-agement. Materials & Methods: A total of hundred pa-tients were selected. An external ear canal swab was taken. For recovery of bacteria, the samples were emulsified in a solution of BHI broth to study aerobic and anaerobic bacte-ria. Fungal microbiology was studied by KOH mount and fungal culture. Culture and sensi-tivity was done for the pathogenic organisms. Results: Of the total hundred patients, 48% pa-tients had no growth. There were no anaerobes isolated. Of the remaining 52% cases, 33% of the growth was aerobic bacteria and 19% of the growth was fungi. Of the aerobic bacteria, coag-ulase negative staphylococcus was isolated from 22 patients, staphylococcus aureus from 9 patients and pseudomonas aeruginosa from 2 patients. Of the fungal species, candida was iso-lated from 11 patients and aspergillu...

Malignant Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) account for approximately 5-10% of soft tissue s... more Malignant Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) account for approximately 5-10% of soft tissue sarcomas and occur most often in limbs and paraspinal region. This entity is an extremely rare occurrence in the scalp with sporadic case reports appearing in English literature since 2003.Here we describe a case of 38 year old male with MPNST of the scalp over the right temporo-mastoid region, its course of management and the difficulties encountered. The case represents not only a rare tumor occurring in a rarer location but also the difficulties in obtaining clear margins of resection for sarcoma in scalp with bone erosion as dura does not seem to present any significant barrier for local invasion. CASE REPORT: A 38 year old male presented with a large slowly growing swelling over right temporo-mastoid region of head over a period of 2 years. The patient had noticed an increased rate of growth over the previous 8 months and it had become painful since about 3 weeks before admission. Th...

Background and Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) poses a major health problem in developing ... more Background and Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) poses a major health problem in developing countries causing serious socioeconomic consequences and occasional life threatening complications. Early and effective treatment based on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes is the key for effective management. This study was done to find out aerobic microorganisms responsible for chronic otitis media (COM), in both mucosal and squamosal disease and to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms isolated. Materials & Methods: 100 patients with COM were included in the study. The patients had chronic ear discharge and had not received antibiotics for the last two weeks. Swabs were taken and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for aerobic isolates was conducted by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 100 patients 88 were diagnosed with mucosal disease and 12 squamosal disease. Analysis of this study showed predominance of gram neg...

The Internet Journal of …, 2009

... Dr. Gangadhara Somayaji KS `SHARADA VASUDEVA SADANA` No: 3-3/88, 3 rd main road,Prashanth nag... more ... Dr. Gangadhara Somayaji KS `SHARADA VASUDEVA SADANA` No: 3-3/88, 3 rd main road,Prashanth nagar layout, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 575006 Phone: +918242240258 (Res) +919480346406(Cell) E-mail: [ksgsomayaji@yahoo.co.in] , [ksgsomayaji@gmail.com]. ...

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article This study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent FESS under GA for... more Original Research Article This study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent FESS under GA for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a tertiary care hospital. The objectives were to determine the pattern of microbial flora in ethmoidal tissue in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and to know the antibiotic sensitivity of potential pathogen. The specimen was transported to microbiology lab in normal saline within 2 hours. Samples were inoculated into various media for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal growth. The study conducted showed Coagulase-negative Staphylococci to be the most common isolate, Staphylococcus aureus being second. Enterobacteriaceae were also frequently isolated. Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were infrequent isolates. Among fungi, Rhizopus and Aspergillus were seen. But no anaerobes were isolated.

Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery

Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between ... more Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between exposure to recreational sound/music and the presence of tinnitus are scarce. This study was conducted to assess relationship between tinnitus and the use of personal sound system(PSS) in medical students. Materials and Methods A questionnaire based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected medical students to assess their sound habits with the use of PSS. Information on commonly used intensity, frequency, duration of use, type of earphones and severity of tinnitus was sought. Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was also performed. Result The prevalence of tinnitus was found to be 33%, which was on the higher side of the global prevalence data. All the medical students surveyed in this study used personal sound system. Majority of the students (45%) used PSS less than 1 hour daily. More than 60% of the students complaining of tinnitus preferred louder settings in their PSS. ...

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde reflux of gastro duodenal c... more Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde reflux of gastro duodenal contents above the level of upper oesophageal sphincter into larynx and pharynx. LPRD can lead to upper respiratory pathology by direct contact of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa with the regurgitated gastric acid. Refluxate can damage the cilia, thereby prolonging the mucociliary clearance time (MCT) and consequently affecting the innate defence mechanism of upper airway. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between MCT and LPRD in patients without any nasal pathology.Methods: This study was a prospective case control study, with 45 patients each in the study and reference group. Study group included patients with symptoms of LPRD who fulfilled the reflux symptom index (RSI) score of more than 13 points. The reference group included subjects without LPRD, with RSI less than 13. In both groups, conditions causing impaired MCT like allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinitis and histor...

Полоцкий государственый университет, Oct 1, 2016

九州大学産業労働研究所, Feb 1, 1967

In recent years the number of bicycles with e-motors has been increased steadily. Within the pede... more In recent years the number of bicycles with e-motors has been increased steadily. Within the pedelec-bikes where an e-motor supports the pedaling-a special group of transportation bikes has developed. These bikes have storage boxes in addition to the basic parts of a bike. Due to the space available on top of those boxes it is possible to install a PV system to generate electricity which could be used to recharge the battery of the pedelec. Such a system would lead to grid independent charging of the battery and to the possibility of an increased range of motor support. The feasibility of such a PV system is investigated for a three wheeled pedelec delivered by the company BABBOE NORDIC. The measured data of the electricity generation of this mobile system is compared to the possible electricity generation of a stationary system.

Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between ... more Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between exposure to recreational sound/music and the presence of tinnitus are scarce. This study was conducted to assess relationship between tinnitus and the use of personal sound system(PSS) in medical students. Materials and Methods A questionnaire based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected medical students to assess their sound habits with the use of PSS. Information on commonly used intensity, frequency, duration of use, type of earphones and severity of tinnitus was sought. Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was also performed. Results The prevalence of tinnitus was found to be 33%, which was on the higher side of the global prevalence data. All the medical students surveyed in this study used personal sound system. Majority of the students (45%) used PSS less than 1 hour daily. More than 60% of the students complaining of tinnitus preferred louder settings in their PSS....

The Internet Journal of Head and Neck Surgery, 2010

Objective: This is the report of a case of complete second branchial cleft fistula. The main obje... more Objective: This is the report of a case of complete second branchial cleft fistula. The main objective of this report is to highlight the use of fistulogram for the diagnosis and to suggest the use of rigid guide wire like the tonsil snare wire for the excision.Case report: A 12-year-old girl who presented with an intermittent mucoid discharge from the external opening in the neck on the right side was diagnosed to have a second branchial cleft fistula. A preoperative fistulogram revealed the tract up to the tonsillar fossa. Complete excision of the tract was done by a two step neck incision using tonsillar snare wire as the guide.Conclusion: Though second branchial fistulae are common, complete fistulae are rare and this merits the publication of this report. The report also stresses on the need to perform a preoperative fistulogram and the advantage of using the tonsil snare wire for excision.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing and lethal form of fungal infec... more Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most rapidly progressing and lethal form of fungal infection in humans which usually begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses and can extend to CNS. A 68 year old lady with poorly controlled diabetes presented with fever, disorientation, headache and left sided LMN type of facial palsy. ENT examination revealed a palatal ulcer and mucopus in middle meatus. MRI revealed an infarct in the territory of left superior cerebellar artery and haziness and mucosal thickening in the left maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. Patient underwent endoscopic medial maxillectomy and debridement of palatal ulcer. Postoperative histopathology was suggestive of zygomycosis. Patient was subsequently treated with Amphotericin B for 4 weeks with good recovery. This case is being reported for its rarity as mucormycosis presenting with cerebellar signs has not been reported in the English literature so far.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-di... more Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-digestive tract which causes a variety of symptoms such as cough, hoarseness and asthma. In this study, we observed the changes seen in the microbiological flora in the pharyngeal wall mucosa in patientswith laryngopharyngeal reflux. A prospective study was conducted on 35 patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and 15 control patients in the ENT department in a tertiary care hospital. Swabs were taken from all the patients from the posterior pharyngeal wall and sent for microbiological analysis. Among the 35 patients with LPRD symptoms, 14.29% patients had normal pharyngeal flora, 21.88% isolates were of Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species), while 26.67% isolates were having Gram positive bacteria-(Staphylococcus aureus-70% isolates, Enterococcus species-20% isolates, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus-10%). 50%of patients had isolates from the group of Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli-12.5%, Klebsiella species-37.50%, Citrobacter-6.25%; Enterobacter species-43.75%). The presence of bacterial flora in the posterior pharyngeal wall increases with the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease with the predominant organism belonging to Enterobactericeae group.

Research and Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-di... more Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-digestive tract which causes a variety of symptoms such as cough, hoarseness and asthma. In this study, we observed the changes seen in the microbiological flora in the pharyngeal wall mucosa in patientswith laryngopharyngeal reflux. A prospective study was conducted on 35 patients with Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and 15 control patients in the ENT department in a tertiary care hospital. Swabs were taken from all the patients from the posterior pharyngeal wall and sent for microbiological analysis. Among the 35 patients with LPRD symptoms, 14.29% patients had normal pharyngeal flora, 21.88% isolates were of Non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli (Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species), while 26.67% isolates were having Gram positive bacteria – (Staphylococcus aureus – 70% isolates, Enterococcus species – 20% isolates, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus – 10%). 50%of patient...

The aims of this study are to find out the significance of adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio obtained ... more The aims of this study are to find out the significance of adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio obtained from lateral X-Ray of nasopharynx to decide on the option of surgical treatment of adenoid and to correlate the symptoms with the relative size of adenoid in the nasopharynx. This prospective study was done on 100 children who presented with bilateral nasal obstruction from 412years of age. Radiological assessment of lateral radiograph of nasopharynx was done. Mean adenoidal depth and mean nasopharyngeal depth were calculated as per Yusuf et al method. Mean ANR was calculated by dividing adenoidal depth by nasopharyngeal depth. There was significant increase in adenoid size during 7-9 years and decrease in 10-12 years, the nasopharyngeal depth increased as age progressed. It was concluded that ANR > 0.7 are the candidates for adenoidectomy.

International journal of scientific research, 2020

Objective:To measure hearing loss in students using personal music players and mobiles with ear p... more Objective:To measure hearing loss in students using personal music players and mobiles with ear phones. Methods:Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was performed on 122 students - 61 personal listening device users and 61 non-users. Results:Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the test group. Thus there is a strong relationship between hearing threshold and daily use of portable music players. Hearing loss occurred in 36.06% of students using ear phones. The variables like “duration of usage” of ear phones and “years of usage”had a poor correlation whereas the variable loudness has a good correlation. Conclusion:Portable music players can have a deleterious effect on hearing threshold. Users of PLDs should sensibly control the loudness so as to avoid developing NIHL.

Otolaryngology online journal, 2015

Objective: To study microbiology of external auditory canal in patients with itchy ears and to al... more Objective: To study microbiology of external auditory canal in patients with itchy ears and to also study susceptibility profiles of patho-genic organisms to aid in appropriate man-agement. Materials & Methods: A total of hundred pa-tients were selected. An external ear canal swab was taken. For recovery of bacteria, the samples were emulsified in a solution of BHI broth to study aerobic and anaerobic bacte-ria. Fungal microbiology was studied by KOH mount and fungal culture. Culture and sensi-tivity was done for the pathogenic organisms. Results: Of the total hundred patients, 48% pa-tients had no growth. There were no anaerobes isolated. Of the remaining 52% cases, 33% of the growth was aerobic bacteria and 19% of the growth was fungi. Of the aerobic bacteria, coag-ulase negative staphylococcus was isolated from 22 patients, staphylococcus aureus from 9 patients and pseudomonas aeruginosa from 2 patients. Of the fungal species, candida was iso-lated from 11 patients and aspergillu...

Malignant Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) account for approximately 5-10% of soft tissue s... more Malignant Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) account for approximately 5-10% of soft tissue sarcomas and occur most often in limbs and paraspinal region. This entity is an extremely rare occurrence in the scalp with sporadic case reports appearing in English literature since 2003.Here we describe a case of 38 year old male with MPNST of the scalp over the right temporo-mastoid region, its course of management and the difficulties encountered. The case represents not only a rare tumor occurring in a rarer location but also the difficulties in obtaining clear margins of resection for sarcoma in scalp with bone erosion as dura does not seem to present any significant barrier for local invasion. CASE REPORT: A 38 year old male presented with a large slowly growing swelling over right temporo-mastoid region of head over a period of 2 years. The patient had noticed an increased rate of growth over the previous 8 months and it had become painful since about 3 weeks before admission. Th...

Background and Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) poses a major health problem in developing ... more Background and Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) poses a major health problem in developing countries causing serious socioeconomic consequences and occasional life threatening complications. Early and effective treatment based on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes is the key for effective management. This study was done to find out aerobic microorganisms responsible for chronic otitis media (COM), in both mucosal and squamosal disease and to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms isolated. Materials & Methods: 100 patients with COM were included in the study. The patients had chronic ear discharge and had not received antibiotics for the last two weeks. Swabs were taken and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for aerobic isolates was conducted by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 100 patients 88 were diagnosed with mucosal disease and 12 squamosal disease. Analysis of this study showed predominance of gram neg...

The Internet Journal of …, 2009

... Dr. Gangadhara Somayaji KS `SHARADA VASUDEVA SADANA` No: 3-3/88, 3 rd main road,Prashanth nag... more ... Dr. Gangadhara Somayaji KS `SHARADA VASUDEVA SADANA` No: 3-3/88, 3 rd main road,Prashanth nagar layout, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 575006 Phone: +918242240258 (Res) +919480346406(Cell) E-mail: [ksgsomayaji@yahoo.co.in] , [ksgsomayaji@gmail.com]. ...

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article This study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent FESS under GA for... more Original Research Article This study was conducted on 50 patients who underwent FESS under GA for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a tertiary care hospital. The objectives were to determine the pattern of microbial flora in ethmoidal tissue in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and to know the antibiotic sensitivity of potential pathogen. The specimen was transported to microbiology lab in normal saline within 2 hours. Samples were inoculated into various media for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal growth. The study conducted showed Coagulase-negative Staphylococci to be the most common isolate, Staphylococcus aureus being second. Enterobacteriaceae were also frequently isolated. Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were infrequent isolates. Among fungi, Rhizopus and Aspergillus were seen. But no anaerobes were isolated.

Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery

Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between ... more Introduction Statistical data on prevalence of tinnitus in India and on the relationship between exposure to recreational sound/music and the presence of tinnitus are scarce. This study was conducted to assess relationship between tinnitus and the use of personal sound system(PSS) in medical students. Materials and Methods A questionnaire based study was conducted on 100 randomly selected medical students to assess their sound habits with the use of PSS. Information on commonly used intensity, frequency, duration of use, type of earphones and severity of tinnitus was sought. Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was also performed. Result The prevalence of tinnitus was found to be 33%, which was on the higher side of the global prevalence data. All the medical students surveyed in this study used personal sound system. Majority of the students (45%) used PSS less than 1 hour daily. More than 60% of the students complaining of tinnitus preferred louder settings in their PSS. ...

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde reflux of gastro duodenal c... more Background: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde reflux of gastro duodenal contents above the level of upper oesophageal sphincter into larynx and pharynx. LPRD can lead to upper respiratory pathology by direct contact of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa with the regurgitated gastric acid. Refluxate can damage the cilia, thereby prolonging the mucociliary clearance time (MCT) and consequently affecting the innate defence mechanism of upper airway. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between MCT and LPRD in patients without any nasal pathology.Methods: This study was a prospective case control study, with 45 patients each in the study and reference group. Study group included patients with symptoms of LPRD who fulfilled the reflux symptom index (RSI) score of more than 13 points. The reference group included subjects without LPRD, with RSI less than 13. In both groups, conditions causing impaired MCT like allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinitis and histor...