nil acarali | Yildiz Technical University (original) (raw)

Papers by nil acarali

Food Chemistry, Jun 1, 2023

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

In this study, natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste were supplied from various reg... more In this study, natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste were supplied from various regions of Turkey unlike from the literature. Dye application was carried out with 200 µm applicator on standard sizes (10 cm x 10 cm) of metal surfaces. The dyed this original mixture was applied on the block and panel building materials. Dyes were examined according to the features of unaffected by water, not changed the nature and physical strength, high concealer effect in detail. As a result, the optimum process parameters (for two different natural minerals and the amount of industrial fibrous plant waste) were determined. The statistical method was used and the results obtained were analyzed comparatively in terms of improving both cost and quality for determination of optimum process parameters. In conclusion, the test results (concealer property, hydrophobicity, impact and adhesion tests) and results showed that the usage of natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste effected the production of insulated interior dye, positively.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Oct 1, 2013

Magnesium borate(MB) istechnical ceramic for high heat-resisting, corrosion-resisting, super mech... more Magnesium borate(MB) istechnical ceramic for high heat-resisting, corrosion-resisting, super mechanical strength, superinsulation, light weight, high strength, and high coefficient of elasticity. Zinc borate (ZB) can be used as multi-functional synergistic additives with flame retardant additives in polymers. The most important properties are low solubility in water and high dehydration temperature. ZB dehydrates above 290°C and anhydrous ZB has thermal resistance about 400°C. In this study, the raw materials of ZnO, MgO and H 3 BO 3 were used with mole ratio of 1:1:9. With the starting materials hydrothermal method was applied at a temperature of 100 o C. The reaction time was determined as 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after some preliminary experiments. After the synthesis, the crystal structure and the morphology of the products were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result, the forms of Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn 3 B 6 O 12 .3.5H 2 O], Admontite [MgO(B 2 O 3) 3 .7(H 2 O)] and Mcallisterite [Mg 2 (B 6 O 7 (OH) 6) 2 .9(H 2 O)] were synthesized.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Jul 23, 2012

Fly ash is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that ris... more Fly ash is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed bottom ash [1]. In our country, it is expected that will be occurred 50 million tons of waste ash per year until 2020. Released waste from the thermal power plants is caused very significant problems as known. The fly ashes can be evaluated by using as adsorbent material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of use of Tuncbilek fly ash like low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption. First of all, Tuncbilek fly ash was characterized. For this purpose; analysis such as sieve analysis, XRD, XRF, SEM and FT-IR were performed.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 1, 2014

Fly ash is an important waste, produced in thermal power plants which causes very important envir... more Fly ash is an important waste, produced in thermal power plants which causes very important environmental pollutions. For this reason the usage and evaluation the fly ash in various areas are very important. Nearly, 15 million tons/year of fly ash is produced in Turkey. In this study, usage of fly ash with diatomite and molasses for heavy metal (Cd) adsorption from wastewater is investigated. The samples of Seyitomer region fly ash were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) then diatomite (0 and 1% in terms of fly ash, w/w) and molasses (0-0.75 mL) were pelletized under 30 MPa of pressure for the usage of cadmium (Cd) adsorption in wastewater. After the adsorption process, samples of Seyitomer were analyzed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). As a result, it is seen that the usage of Seyitomer fly ash is proper for cadmium (Cd) adsorption and an optimum adsorption yield with 52% is found at a compound with Seyitomer fly ash (10 g), diatomite (0.5 g) and molasses (0.75 mL) at 2.5 h of reaction time, pH:4, 20ºC of reaction temperature and 300 rpm of stirring rate.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Oct 4, 2014

Water Air and Soil Pollution, Nov 25, 2012

Fly ash is currently being generated at a rate of million tons every year and represents an impor... more Fly ash is currently being generated at a rate of million tons every year and represents an important waste problem. Bentonite and molasses are used in a wide range of applications. The samples of Orhaneli fly ash were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Depending on the results of the analysis, morphology and chemical compositions of Orhaneli fly ash were investigated in detail. Orhaneli fly ash, bentonite (0 and 1 % in terms of fly ash, w/w), and molasses (0-0.75 mL) were pelletized under 30 MPa of pressure for zinc adsorption in wastewater. As a result, it was seen that the usage of Orhaneli fly ash was proper for zinc (Zn 2+) adsorption and an optimum adsorption yield with 90 % was found at a compound with Orhaneli fly ash (10 g), bentonite (0 %), and molasses (0.25 mL) at 2.5 h of reaction time, pH5, 20°C of reaction temperature, and 300 rpm of stirring rate. Sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics for Zn 2+ on fly ash (with bentonite and molasses) can be explained by Freundlich isotherm and pseudosecond-order kinetic models. Based on the experimental data, it was seen that Orhaneli fly ash and molasses waste could be evaluated for Zn 2+ adsorption from wastewater, environmentally.

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

The aim of controlled insulin delivery study experiments is to produce the smart hydrogel to use ... more The aim of controlled insulin delivery study experiments is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. Insulin entrapped p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels containing different ratios of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eudragit L-100 were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker and new alternative ways were worked on to find and develop. Taguchi method was used and optimum synthesis conditions were determined. Insulin was entrapped into hydrogels as synthesis. After entrapped method, loading efficiency values were calculated. and the hydrogels produced were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.

Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, Feb 15, 2018

The aim of this study is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. p(H... more The aim of this study is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels containing different ratios of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eudragait L-100 were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker. The structures of hydrogels produced were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In this way, optimum synthesis conditions were determined for p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels by using Taguchi method as an optimization method. The gelling percentages of all hydrogels were calculated. After all, the swelling behaviors (%) of hydrogels were investigated in range of various times (1-44 hrs), temperatures (20-50°C) and pH (2-12) and the optimum process conditions in the production of hydrogels were determined. Consequently, the optimum time, temperature and pH were 24 hours, 37°C and 7, respectively. Thus, this hydrogel could be evaluated in insulin release for diabetes treatment and drug industry.

Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, Feb 15, 2018

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2007

Processes using supercritical fluids constitute another special separation process option other t... more Processes using supercritical fluids constitute another special separation process option other than the membrane processes which have been presented in one of the previous issues as alternative to conventional separation processes. Separation processes that make use of either membranes or supercritical fluids are considered to be special because of the separation media or agents used which are much different than those used in conventional processes. As the separation or the separation with reaction takes place through a membrane made of materials such as polymers or ceramics in membrane processes, separation or separation with reaction takes place in a fluid above its critical temperature and pressure, in other words in a fluid medium under "supercritical" conditions in supercritical fluid processes. The fact that properties of fluids in supercritical conditions can be tuned by pressure and temperature changes rather easily enables such fluids to be quite successful and advantageous relative to conventional solvents in separation oriented applications like solid or liquid extraction (primarily in food, cosmetics, chemical and biochemical industries), purification, particle size design, pore formation, and various reactions followed by separation applications such as polymerization, modification of various oils and waste water treatment. However special separation processes are not expected to replace conventional separation processes completely, and in some applications they may even be designed to form hybrid processes with conventional processes. In this article, supercritical fluid applications as special separation processes were investigated thoroughly stressing thermodynamics, kinetics, transport phenomena, technology and economics.

Periodico Di Mineralogia, Mar 31, 2014

Zinc borate (ZB) is an industrially important flame retardant material and ulexide is a plenty mi... more Zinc borate (ZB) is an industrially important flame retardant material and ulexide is a plenty mineral in Turkey. ZB has been prepared via an aqueous reaction method using zinc oxide, synthesized boric acid by ulexide and reference zinc borate as seed as initial materials. This route is facile and acceptable for an economic and a new way to produce zinc borate. The products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the morphological structure. The effects of experimental conditions on the product yield were investigated. Namely, the main factors that affect the formation of zinc borate were H 3 BO 3 /ZnO (boric acid/zinc oxide) ratio, water volume, amount of seed (in terms of boric acid, w/w) and reaction time. In conclusion, it was observed that boric acid by using ulexide mineral and zinc borate were synthesized successfully.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Mar 1, 2021

Abstract Acetone is a product which is obtained via several processes. It is produced mainly by c... more Abstract Acetone is a product which is obtained via several processes. It is produced mainly by cumene hydroperoxide process. As an alternative process, acetone is obtained by isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dehydrogenation. The conversion of IPA to acetone is an endothermic gas-phase reaction which produces hydrogen as a byproduct. The process consists of an equilibrium reactor or kinetic reactor (EREA), a distillation column (SCDS), and a flash tank. As the fresh feed, liquid-phase IPA, combined with a recycle stream which contains slight amount of unseparated acetone, is vaporized and given into the equilibrium reactor. Reactor effluent is then cooled by two heat exchangers and pressurized by a compressor until unreacted IPA and formed acetone are liquidised. This stream is fed to a flash tank in order to separate the gas-phase hydrogen, which contains slight amount of acetone. The distillation column distinguishes the acetone from unreacted IPA. The distillate stream has an acetone purity over 99%. The bottoms stream, which consists of residual IPA and slight amount of acetone, is recycled back into the mixer. The purpose of this study is to improve the simulation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dehydrogenation process by using the ChemCad program in terms of industrial applications.

International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, Nov 1, 2013

Zinc borate (ZB) was synthesized using zinc oxide, boric acid synthesized from colemanite, and re... more Zinc borate (ZB) was synthesized using zinc oxide, boric acid synthesized from colemanite, and reference ZB as seed. The effects of reaction parameters such as reaction time, reactant ratio, and seed ratio on its yield were examined. Then, the effects of palm oil with solvents (isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, and methanol) added to the reaction on its hydrophobicity were explored. Reactions were carried out under determined reaction conditions with magnetically and mechanically stirred systems. The produced ZB was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and measurements of contact angle identified hydrophobicity. The results showed that hydrophobic ZB was successfully produced under determined reaction conditions. The change of process parameters influenced its yield and the usage of palm oil provided hydrophobicity.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Mar 1, 2023

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2023

Food Chemistry, Jun 1, 2023

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

In this study, natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste were supplied from various reg... more In this study, natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste were supplied from various regions of Turkey unlike from the literature. Dye application was carried out with 200 µm applicator on standard sizes (10 cm x 10 cm) of metal surfaces. The dyed this original mixture was applied on the block and panel building materials. Dyes were examined according to the features of unaffected by water, not changed the nature and physical strength, high concealer effect in detail. As a result, the optimum process parameters (for two different natural minerals and the amount of industrial fibrous plant waste) were determined. The statistical method was used and the results obtained were analyzed comparatively in terms of improving both cost and quality for determination of optimum process parameters. In conclusion, the test results (concealer property, hydrophobicity, impact and adhesion tests) and results showed that the usage of natural minerals and industrial fibrous plant waste effected the production of insulated interior dye, positively.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Oct 1, 2013

Magnesium borate(MB) istechnical ceramic for high heat-resisting, corrosion-resisting, super mech... more Magnesium borate(MB) istechnical ceramic for high heat-resisting, corrosion-resisting, super mechanical strength, superinsulation, light weight, high strength, and high coefficient of elasticity. Zinc borate (ZB) can be used as multi-functional synergistic additives with flame retardant additives in polymers. The most important properties are low solubility in water and high dehydration temperature. ZB dehydrates above 290°C and anhydrous ZB has thermal resistance about 400°C. In this study, the raw materials of ZnO, MgO and H 3 BO 3 were used with mole ratio of 1:1:9. With the starting materials hydrothermal method was applied at a temperature of 100 o C. The reaction time was determined as 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after some preliminary experiments. After the synthesis, the crystal structure and the morphology of the products were examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As a result, the forms of Zinc Oxide Borate Hydrate [Zn 3 B 6 O 12 .3.5H 2 O], Admontite [MgO(B 2 O 3) 3 .7(H 2 O)] and Mcallisterite [Mg 2 (B 6 O 7 (OH) 6) 2 .9(H 2 O)] were synthesized.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Jul 23, 2012

Fly ash is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that ris... more Fly ash is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed bottom ash [1]. In our country, it is expected that will be occurred 50 million tons of waste ash per year until 2020. Released waste from the thermal power plants is caused very significant problems as known. The fly ashes can be evaluated by using as adsorbent material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of use of Tuncbilek fly ash like low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption. First of all, Tuncbilek fly ash was characterized. For this purpose; analysis such as sieve analysis, XRD, XRF, SEM and FT-IR were performed.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Sep 1, 2014

Fly ash is an important waste, produced in thermal power plants which causes very important envir... more Fly ash is an important waste, produced in thermal power plants which causes very important environmental pollutions. For this reason the usage and evaluation the fly ash in various areas are very important. Nearly, 15 million tons/year of fly ash is produced in Turkey. In this study, usage of fly ash with diatomite and molasses for heavy metal (Cd) adsorption from wastewater is investigated. The samples of Seyitomer region fly ash were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) then diatomite (0 and 1% in terms of fly ash, w/w) and molasses (0-0.75 mL) were pelletized under 30 MPa of pressure for the usage of cadmium (Cd) adsorption in wastewater. After the adsorption process, samples of Seyitomer were analyzed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). As a result, it is seen that the usage of Seyitomer fly ash is proper for cadmium (Cd) adsorption and an optimum adsorption yield with 52% is found at a compound with Seyitomer fly ash (10 g), diatomite (0.5 g) and molasses (0.75 mL) at 2.5 h of reaction time, pH:4, 20ºC of reaction temperature and 300 rpm of stirring rate.

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Oct 4, 2014

Water Air and Soil Pollution, Nov 25, 2012

Fly ash is currently being generated at a rate of million tons every year and represents an impor... more Fly ash is currently being generated at a rate of million tons every year and represents an important waste problem. Bentonite and molasses are used in a wide range of applications. The samples of Orhaneli fly ash were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Depending on the results of the analysis, morphology and chemical compositions of Orhaneli fly ash were investigated in detail. Orhaneli fly ash, bentonite (0 and 1 % in terms of fly ash, w/w), and molasses (0-0.75 mL) were pelletized under 30 MPa of pressure for zinc adsorption in wastewater. As a result, it was seen that the usage of Orhaneli fly ash was proper for zinc (Zn 2+) adsorption and an optimum adsorption yield with 90 % was found at a compound with Orhaneli fly ash (10 g), bentonite (0 %), and molasses (0.25 mL) at 2.5 h of reaction time, pH5, 20°C of reaction temperature, and 300 rpm of stirring rate. Sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics for Zn 2+ on fly ash (with bentonite and molasses) can be explained by Freundlich isotherm and pseudosecond-order kinetic models. Based on the experimental data, it was seen that Orhaneli fly ash and molasses waste could be evaluated for Zn 2+ adsorption from wastewater, environmentally.

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

The aim of controlled insulin delivery study experiments is to produce the smart hydrogel to use ... more The aim of controlled insulin delivery study experiments is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. Insulin entrapped p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels containing different ratios of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eudragit L-100 were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker and new alternative ways were worked on to find and develop. Taguchi method was used and optimum synthesis conditions were determined. Insulin was entrapped into hydrogels as synthesis. After entrapped method, loading efficiency values were calculated. and the hydrogels produced were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis.

Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, Feb 15, 2018

The aim of this study is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. p(H... more The aim of this study is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels containing different ratios of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eudragait L-100 were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker. The structures of hydrogels produced were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In this way, optimum synthesis conditions were determined for p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels by using Taguchi method as an optimization method. The gelling percentages of all hydrogels were calculated. After all, the swelling behaviors (%) of hydrogels were investigated in range of various times (1-44 hrs), temperatures (20-50°C) and pH (2-12) and the optimum process conditions in the production of hydrogels were determined. Consequently, the optimum time, temperature and pH were 24 hours, 37°C and 7, respectively. Thus, this hydrogel could be evaluated in insulin release for diabetes treatment and drug industry.

Bio-medical Materials and Engineering, Feb 15, 2018

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2007

Processes using supercritical fluids constitute another special separation process option other t... more Processes using supercritical fluids constitute another special separation process option other than the membrane processes which have been presented in one of the previous issues as alternative to conventional separation processes. Separation processes that make use of either membranes or supercritical fluids are considered to be special because of the separation media or agents used which are much different than those used in conventional processes. As the separation or the separation with reaction takes place through a membrane made of materials such as polymers or ceramics in membrane processes, separation or separation with reaction takes place in a fluid above its critical temperature and pressure, in other words in a fluid medium under "supercritical" conditions in supercritical fluid processes. The fact that properties of fluids in supercritical conditions can be tuned by pressure and temperature changes rather easily enables such fluids to be quite successful and advantageous relative to conventional solvents in separation oriented applications like solid or liquid extraction (primarily in food, cosmetics, chemical and biochemical industries), purification, particle size design, pore formation, and various reactions followed by separation applications such as polymerization, modification of various oils and waste water treatment. However special separation processes are not expected to replace conventional separation processes completely, and in some applications they may even be designed to form hybrid processes with conventional processes. In this article, supercritical fluid applications as special separation processes were investigated thoroughly stressing thermodynamics, kinetics, transport phenomena, technology and economics.

Periodico Di Mineralogia, Mar 31, 2014

Zinc borate (ZB) is an industrially important flame retardant material and ulexide is a plenty mi... more Zinc borate (ZB) is an industrially important flame retardant material and ulexide is a plenty mineral in Turkey. ZB has been prepared via an aqueous reaction method using zinc oxide, synthesized boric acid by ulexide and reference zinc borate as seed as initial materials. This route is facile and acceptable for an economic and a new way to produce zinc borate. The products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the morphological structure. The effects of experimental conditions on the product yield were investigated. Namely, the main factors that affect the formation of zinc borate were H 3 BO 3 /ZnO (boric acid/zinc oxide) ratio, water volume, amount of seed (in terms of boric acid, w/w) and reaction time. In conclusion, it was observed that boric acid by using ulexide mineral and zinc borate were synthesized successfully.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Mar 1, 2021

Abstract Acetone is a product which is obtained via several processes. It is produced mainly by c... more Abstract Acetone is a product which is obtained via several processes. It is produced mainly by cumene hydroperoxide process. As an alternative process, acetone is obtained by isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dehydrogenation. The conversion of IPA to acetone is an endothermic gas-phase reaction which produces hydrogen as a byproduct. The process consists of an equilibrium reactor or kinetic reactor (EREA), a distillation column (SCDS), and a flash tank. As the fresh feed, liquid-phase IPA, combined with a recycle stream which contains slight amount of unseparated acetone, is vaporized and given into the equilibrium reactor. Reactor effluent is then cooled by two heat exchangers and pressurized by a compressor until unreacted IPA and formed acetone are liquidised. This stream is fed to a flash tank in order to separate the gas-phase hydrogen, which contains slight amount of acetone. The distillation column distinguishes the acetone from unreacted IPA. The distillate stream has an acetone purity over 99%. The bottoms stream, which consists of residual IPA and slight amount of acetone, is recycled back into the mixer. The purpose of this study is to improve the simulation of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dehydrogenation process by using the ChemCad program in terms of industrial applications.

International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, Nov 1, 2013

Zinc borate (ZB) was synthesized using zinc oxide, boric acid synthesized from colemanite, and re... more Zinc borate (ZB) was synthesized using zinc oxide, boric acid synthesized from colemanite, and reference ZB as seed. The effects of reaction parameters such as reaction time, reactant ratio, and seed ratio on its yield were examined. Then, the effects of palm oil with solvents (isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, and methanol) added to the reaction on its hydrophobicity were explored. Reactions were carried out under determined reaction conditions with magnetically and mechanically stirred systems. The produced ZB was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and measurements of contact angle identified hydrophobicity. The results showed that hydrophobic ZB was successfully produced under determined reaction conditions. The change of process parameters influenced its yield and the usage of palm oil provided hydrophobicity.

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Mar 1, 2023

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2023