Afa Pitts | Yaroslavl State Medical Academy (original) (raw)

Papers by Afa Pitts

Psoriasis: At war with your own skin , 2019

125 million people worldwide -2% to 3% of the total population -have psoriasis, according to the ... more 125 million people worldwide -2% to 3% of the total population -have psoriasis, according to the World Psoriasis Day consortium. It is a genetic disease in which scaly, raised plaques appear on the skin. Psoriasis has been known since biblical times, and since then it is a mystery disease. Now we know many molecular and immune mechanisms for the development of psoriasis, but we still cannot fully understand what is considered the cause and what the effect is. In this article, we will give a general description of the disease, touch on its pathogenesis and tell the history of the study and treatment of psoriasis.

Erectyle Dysfunction: Causes and Treatment, 2018

In a survey published in 2003, the results of a standardized questionnaire survey of about 600 me... more In a survey published in 2003, the results of a standardized questionnaire survey of about 600 men aged 40 to 70 years in four countries of the world were cited, according to which the ED rate in Brazil was 15%, in Italy 17%, in Malaysia -22% and in Japan -34% [1].

As an Ob & Gyn, member of National Breast Cancer Foundation and a woman I find it very important ... more As an Ob & Gyn, member of National Breast Cancer Foundation and a woman I find it very important to raise awareness about the importance of early detection of Breast Cancer. Make a difference! Spread the word about mammograms and encourage communities, organizations, your friends and family members to get involved! Your help matters. Breast cancer is the most common type of tumors among the female population of the United States. One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime.

Pregnancy is one of the most anticipated periods in the life of most women. Many of them, plannin... more Pregnancy is one of the most anticipated periods in the life of most women. Many of them, planning a child, try to make conception come, as soon as possible. But sometimes there are serious problems with fertility.
Percent of women aged 15-44 with impaired fecundity in the USA is 12.1%[1].
Infertility in a married couple is usually diagnosed if pregnancy does not occur within a year of regular sexual activity without the use of contraception. To identify the causes of infertility, both partners should be examined, since problems can be in men, women, and even in both (combined infertility). If pregnancy has not occurred even once, then talk about primary infertility. Secondary infertility is diagnosed if a woman has already experienced a pregnancy earlier (whatever it ends). There is absolute infertility due to defects in the reproductive system (surgical removal of organs and glands or congenital maldevelopment) and relative, the causes of which can be eliminated by the forces of modern medicine.
The fertility treatments available range from more minor procedures, including help to ovulate, to more complex and invasive treatments such as IVF or ICSI.
As with any other medical treatment, there can be complications and side-effects to fertility treatment. These may include side-effects of the medication, a slightly higher risk of ectopic pregnancy, and a higher than normal risk of a multiple pregnancy. Patient should discuss all these with your consultant before going ahead with treatment.

Features of Breast Cancer Diagnosis, 2018

This is what I want to address to all women of all ages. Our life is complex, full of stresses an... more This is what I want to address to all women of all ages. Our life is complex, full of stresses and high rates; we have a lot to do in this life. But once it's time to stop and think about who is responsible for our health. The answer to this question is obvious: we only. Let's now remember when you last visited a doctor-on a preventive examination, and not about a disease. When you last did an ultrasound examination, examined the chest yourself or did a mammogram. Many will say to themselves that they have done it for a long time or not at all.

TMD and Pregnancy?, 2018

Pregnancy is a happy stage in life of every woman, but at the same time it is a rather diffi cult... more Pregnancy is a happy stage in life of every woman, but at the same time it is a rather diffi cult period, since pregnancy represents a serious strain on the body. In the body of a woman during this period there are signifi cant physiological changes that ensure the correct development of the fetus, prepare the body for the upcoming delivery. In this diffi cult period, the burden on all organs and systems of the woman's body is signifi cantly increased. Especially often suffer joints; there is a risk of permanent pain, the development of diseases or exacerbation of existing diseases. One of the most common problems is Temporomandibular Dysfunction or Disorder (TMD) which many women face, but still hasn't been explained.

Diabetes mellitus is recognized by World Health Organisation experts as a non-communicable epidem... more Diabetes mellitus is recognized by World Health Organisation experts as a non-communicable epidemic and represents a serious medical and social problem. In 2012, suffered of diabetes mellitus about 6.4% (285 million) of the world’s inhabitants. By 2030, the number of patients is expected to increase to 7.7% (439 million people) [1]. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes [2], with 90% of these patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus 2) [3].
The presence of diabetes is associated with the emergence of all forms of coronary heart disease - angina pectoris, painless myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death [4]. At the same time, macrovascular complications, including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, are the cause of death of patients with diabetes in 67% of cases [5]. In 50% of cases, the increased risk of developing cardiovascular lesions in diabetes mellitus 2 is due to the greater frequency and severity of traditional risk factors in diabetic patients [6,7]. Risk factors in patients with diabetes are: dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, smoking, hereditary predisposition for coronary heart disease, the presence of micro- and macroalbuminuria.

$Research paper thumbnail of Our Nations bone health: Prevention and treatment of Cervical hip fracture caused by Osteoporosis ''Peertechz Journal of Orthopedics and Rheumatology''$

Our Nations bone health: Prevention and treatment of Cervical hip fracture caused by Osteoporosis, 2018

Fractures that occur against the background of osteoporosis represent a global medical and social... more Fractures that occur against the background of osteoporosis represent a global medical and social problem. In elderly people, 90% of hip fractures, as international studies have shown, occur against the background of osteoporosis. According to WHO, it is the fractures of the proximal femur that put osteoporosis on the 4th place among all causes of disability and mortality.

Management of Orthopaedic Conditions in the Pregnant Patients, Jan 2018

Managing orthopedic conditions in pregnant women leads to challenges that must becarefully consid... more Managing orthopedic conditions in pregnant women leads to challenges that must becarefully considered so that the safety of both the mother and the fetus is maintained. Both perioperative and intraoperative considerations must be made based on physiologic changes during pregnancy, risks of radiation, and recommendations for monitoring. Operative timing, imaging, and medication selection are also factors that may vary based on trimester and clinical scenario. Pregnancy introduces unique parameters that can result in undesirable outcomes for both mother and fetus if not handled appropriately. Ultimately, pregnant patients offer a distinct challenge to the orthopedic surgeon in that the well-being of two patients must be considered in all aspects of care. In addition, not only does pregnancy affect the management of orthopedic conditions but the pregnant state also causes physiologic changes that may actually induce various pathologies. These pregnancy-related orthopedic conditions can interfere with an otherwise healthy pregnancy and should be recognized as possible complications. Although the management of orthopedic conditions in pregnancy is often conservative, pregnancy does not necessarily preclude safely treating pathologies operatively. When surgery is considered, regional anesthesia provides less overall drug exposure to the fetus and less variability in fetal heart rate. Intraoperative fluoroscopy can be used when appropriate, with 360° fetal shielding if possible. Lateral decubitus positioning is ideal to prevent hypotension associated with compression of the inferior vena cava.

Features of Rheumatic Disease Management while Pregnancy , Jan 2018

Rheaumatism is a systemic inflammatory disease of connective tissue and joints with a predominant... more Rheaumatism is a systemic inflammatory disease of connective tissue and joints with a predominantly affected heart. Children and young adults are mostly ill: women are 3 times more likely than men. Therefore, the problem of rhemahtism I’m pregnant women is quite common.

Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman that makes her beautiful and happy. The ... more Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman that makes her beautiful and happy. The time when a tiny creature grows and develops inside the mother's body, each woman perceives with special trepidation and reverence. A storm of emotions and experiences sweeps from the moment when the fact of pregnancy is confirmed by the doctor and does not let go until the very birth.

The Role of Stem Cells of the Basal Layer of Endometrium in Gynaecological Diseases, Sep 6, 2017

Stem cells of the endometrium belong to epithelial and stromal cells, capable of self-reproductio... more Stem cells of the endometrium belong to epithelial and stromal cells, capable of self-reproduction in vitro. Epithelial cells differentiate into cytokeratin-positive iron-like structures, and stromal cells are multipotent and can differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Epithelial progenitor and mesenchymal stem cells have a regenerative ability to restore the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. These cells can participate in the development of diseases such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and also provide a resource for cell therapy. Commentary Hyperplasia of the endometrium (GGE) is a disease that arises from the prevalence of proliferation over apoptosis in the background of enhanced angiogenesis and altered receptor status of the endometrium. This disease occupies one of the leading places among all diseases of female genital organs along with other benign proliferative processes of the uterus (uterine myoma and adenomyosis) [1].

Mysterious and insidious interstitial cystitis, Jul 2017

Although women are considered to be weak sex, they have a strong body. What are the hardships of ... more Although women are considered to be weak sex, they have a strong body. What are the hardships of bearing, giving birth and feeding a child! However, unfortunately, features of anatomy sometimes determine the adherence of women to certain diseases, in particular inflammatory processes in the bladder, which often become chronic. We will tell you about the common form of chronic interstitial cystitis.

Effect of obesity on the reproductive system and the exchange of sex hormones, May 2017

Development of the female organism from birth to maturation and extinction of its functions is us... more Development of the female organism from birth to maturation and extinction of its functions is usually divided into separate periods, which are characterized by certain morphological and functional features. In any of these periods, obesity can have an adverse effect on the formation, development and function of the reproductive system. In order for a woman to appear and have a normal menstrual cycle and, as a result, ability to bear birth, a minimal amount of fat should accumulate in her body, since the fat tissue participates in the regulation of the reproductive function. In analyzing the condition of the reproductive function, women are judged for the premorbid background by the age of menarche, which has changed over the past 100 years and comes at an earlier age: the average age is 12.6 years. Adolescents with obesity are formed either later or early menarche. Earlier menarche is due to acceleration, since there is a definite relationship between the average weight of the body at the time of menarche and the average age. How does the amount of fat affect the age of the menarche? To date, it is impossible to determine accurately, since the hypothalamus's reaction to the loss or accumulation of fatty body mass is ambiguous. The development of menstrual function has a significant effect on the reproductive system, although the data on the features of its functioning in obesity are quite contradictory. Thus, with obesity, a longer reproductive life is associated with an earlier menarche and pleiotropic effect of the mutation of the p-3-AP gene on a number of physiological systems, including body mass index (BMI) and reproductive status. Some authors consider the early age of menarche to be not only a reproductive factor, but also an independent predictor of the growth of BMI and other obesity complications.

Features of orthodontic treatment during pregnancy , Dec 2016

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, which is associated with the restructuring of th... more Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, which is associated with the restructuring of the body, due to gestation.
This period is a phase of active cultivation of a woman when she thinks about her appearance. Consequently, pregnancy often coincides with the phase of active orthodontic treatment in women of childbearing age, who make up a large percentage of the cohort of patients. From the above we can conclude - pregnancy and orthodontic treatment often take place parallel to one another.

Features of oral health during pregnancy, Dec 2016

During pregnancy significant physiological changes occur in a woman's body that ensure proper dev... more During pregnancy significant physiological changes occur in a woman's body that ensure proper development of the fetus, preparing the body for the upcoming birth and feeding. In this difficult period the load on all organs anobstd systems of the body of women is significantly increased, which may lead to an aggravation of chronic diseases and the development of complications. One of the essential characteristics of this period is changes in the state of organs and tissues of the oral cavity. When pregnancy is often significantly changes the state of the gums and teeth. There have gum swelling, paradontopathy, caries, gingivitis, loosening of teeth. The cause of these disorders previously considered lowering the pH of saliva and demineralization of teeth in pregnant women, however, these assumptions have not been confirmed in several studies. During pregnancy excessive salivation (sialorrhea, ptyalism) is often observed, especially in the early stages. The occurrence of these symptoms play a major role in reflex mechanisms due to nausea and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The above diseases are quite natural, as are associated with nutritional deficiencies in the mother's body, which may be due to incorrect diet and uncorrected. Naturally, the growing body of the fetus growing number of nutrients required during its development. If the power is pregnant is not enough necessary for the full development of the fetus substances, he begins to take custody of the mother's body. Since the main depot of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, fluoride and other elements are the bones and teeth, they will suffer first of all. The same thing happens to other organs and tissues. The most typical pattern, which occurs in the oral cavity from the earliest stages of pregnancy, is characterized by: swelling of the gums, their hyperemia, passing in cyanotic, increased bleeding gums (constantly and rapidly increasing), hypertrophy of the interdental papillae, increased intensity of carious disease, high levels of education and plaque prevalence and soft plaque, constantly deteriorating personal oral hygiene, reducing the quality of oral hygiene, generally due to the fact that during it increases bleeding, any touch to the gums become very traumatic because of which women in these situations tend to avoid or reduce to a minimum frequency and duration of personal care activities in the oral cavity. To avoid such situations and to address them must begin with correcting power, compensating for the qualitative shortcomings of the

Features Selection of Pregnant Women Orthodontic Treatment Technique , Dec 2016

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, during which the restructuring of all its organs... more Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, during which the restructuring of all its organs and systems of the body happens. Every year increases the number of women aged 18-35 years, looking to cosmetic dentistry to improve the aesthetic aspects of their smile and, in particular, as the most gentle approach of orthodontic treatment. But due to the extended length of orthodontic treatment, this group is in the range with the greatest probability of occurrence of pregnancy and then treatment coincides with the period of pregnancy. How reasonable this decision is and what features should take into account the doctor, we discussed in detail in a previous article " Features of orthodontic treatment during pregnancy ". Today, we will answer the question-what method of orthodontic treatment is preferred during pregnancy. Eventually opinions about orthodontic treatment in pregnancy change. Previously, an obstetrician-gynecologist would advise not to start treatment until the completion of periods of pregnancy and early and late postpartum in order to avoid possible risks. But modern technology called offer an alternative that significantly reduces these risks. In the study of materials, dispensary books of pregnant, and based on their own experience of orthodontic treatment, came to the idea of a clear advantage of new technologies correction of bite in front of the old as modern methods of orthodontic treatment to help avoid the problems that arise in the treatment of classical methods. First of all, let's understand what are the ways to align teeth. In traditional orthodontic braces are used, as well as quite new district today clear aligners. Bracket system is a non-removable device, which is mounted on the inside or the outside of the teeth for the entire period of treatment to obtain a correct bite. One bracket is glued (exclusive lock) on each tooth defining the direction. Locks are interconnected orthodontic arch that serves as a source of strength for the movement of dentition. Whatever forms the arc has not accepted, and whatever obstacle is standing in front of her, it always strives to return to its original state and thus aligns the teeth. The most important disadvantage is that the braces are very visible, even worse, they give the person a sense of embarrassment and insecurity. Also do not forget about the shortcomings such as pain and constant discomfort. Besides the obvious aesthetic shortcomings, it is important to identify the most important clinical aspect-hindered oral hygiene is especially important during pregnancy. Studies show that pregnant women are more likely to suffer from gingivitis, caused by the accumulation of plaque on the tooth surfaces, which leads to inflammation of the gums. The symptoms of this disease are redness, inflammation and gum bleeding. Gingivitis occurs during pregnancy less frequently because of elevated levels of hormones in the body to provoke an increased reactivity of the gum in response to stimuli located in plaque. However, the main cause of gingivitis is still flush not hormones.

Gastroenterological diseases as a complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Jun 2016

Relevance.One of the most common pathologies in the world nowadays can be called type 2 diabetes ... more Relevance.One of the most common pathologies in the world nowadays can be called type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of which according to the WHO is 347 million people, 91% of which are patients with diabetes of type II. Since diabetes is a complex pathogenesis polivisceropathy accompanied by violation of all kinds of metabolism, there is a defeat of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the base of which, according to most researchers, is diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Quite a big number of persons suffering from diabetes, complain about the state of the digestive system (75%), which indicates the need for a detailed study of the problem. Goal is to determine the relationship between the occurrence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and type 2 diabetes mellitus , its behavior and duration as its so many people who have diabetes but nowadays it's difficult to find such a research explaining connection between them. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of city hospital №8 of Yaroslavl. We used the information-analytical (literature study), a statistical method (determination of the percentage of various gastrointestinal pathologies in individuals with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with published data including women and man with the age from 52 till 85 excluding children any age) and the method of the survey. The study design is cross-sectional survey. Statistical data processing was done by using STATISTICA software program version 10.0 for Windows. Study limitation is 24 patients with such a diseases. Results.In our study 24 patients (20 women and 4 men) were interviewed, aged 52-85 years, social status – retired people. According to the survey following three groups based on the duration of diabetes were identified: 1-I-diabetes story of more than 10 years (15), 2nd – diabetes story is from 5 to 10 years (7 persons) and 3-I – diabetes history which duration is less than 5 years (2 people). In 79% of patients (19 men) with diabetes revealed various

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, Mar 2013

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate to severe plaq... more Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis Bayramova A.N. (6 th year student, General Medicine Department) Yaroslavl State Medical Academy Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases Supervisor-PhD, ass. Vvedenskaya E.V. Actuality: psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 1 to 3% of the population. Over the past 15 years there has been growth in the number of patients, pathology manifests itself in all younger age increases the proportion of severe disabling forms resistant to a variety of therapies. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of mortality and comorbidity. Systemic inflammation in psoriasis and lifestyle independently associated with obesity, insulin resistance and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Materials and Methods: the research included data outpatients 60 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, aimed at treating biological preparations in 2010-2012. Follow-up were collected the following data: age, sex, duration of disease, disability and other diseases, their treatment, chronic toxicity, heredity, lifestyle, type of previous treatment, as well as the index of the prevalence and severity of psoriasis 123 (PASI). Analysis of the medical records showed that hypertension was diagnosed in 45% of cases, ischemic heart disease-in 38,3%, obesity-26.7%, atherosclerosis-13%. Chronic lung disease was observed in 18.3% of cases. Chronic gastrointestinal disease occurred in 18.3%. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in 10%. Fractures of the extremities, especially the forearms and shins were observed in 25% of cases. Statistical processing of the data produced using STATISTICA Version 10.0 for Windows. Results and discussion: the statistical treatment of the data yielded the following results: significant correlation between the presence of psoriatic arthritis and fractures were found (p = 0.757358); significant correlation with the duration of the current psoriasis and BMI (p = 0.404690) is not marked; the frequency of overweight was significantly higher in patients with severe psoriasis (p = 0.0000001). Statistically significant associations of frequent hypertension and coronary artery disease with the severity of psoriasis (p = 0.025661, p = 0.064579). The correlation with the severity of psoriasis and atherosclerosis diabetes was observed (p = 0.967906, p = 0.104843). Changes in lipid profile in patients with psoriasis were significantly more likely than healthy, with the severity and frequency of dyslipidemia was associated not so much with the long-term course of psoriasis (p = 0.073476, p = 0.752003) as to the severity of his prevalence (p = 0.000001, p = 0.000247). There is a significant correlation psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis of the spine (p = 0.012315). Conclusions: The evaluation of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis have come to the conclusion that to date there is no proper treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Also, the results suggest that diagnosed osteochondrosis in

Onichodistrophy in psoriatic arthritis, Apr 2012

Actuality. Psoriasis is one of the most common skin disease that affects 2 to 7% of the planet's ... more Actuality. Psoriasis is one of the most common skin disease that affects 2 to 7% of the planet's inhabitants, 10% - 15% of whom with the observed phenomenon of psoriatic arthritis, usually begins with a lesion of the distal interphalangeal joints.
Objective: to research the relationship between the affected nails in patients with manifestations of psoriatic arthritis and arthropathy, to analyze the dependence of the gravity and duration of the disease.