Richard Wilkinson | University of York (original) (raw)

Papers by Richard Wilkinson

Sociology and Criminology-Open Access, 2013

This review analyses the time-series evidence of the effects of changing income inequality on cri... more This review analyses the time-series evidence of the effects of changing income inequality on crime for a number of countries and types of crime. 17 papers analysing this relationship using time-series evidence were found via a systematic search. The papers' findings on the relationship between inequality and crime were classified as providing evidence of Significant Positive Associations, No Significant Associations, or Significant Negative Associations. The analysis indicated that property crime increases with rising income inequality and specific measures of violent crime, such as homicide and robbery, also display sensitivity to income inequality over time. Aggregated non-specific measures of violent crime, however, do not display such sensitivity, which is most likely to be due to differences in crime reporting. The majority of the differences in the findings can be explained by the choice of covariates, and the estimators and measures used in the paper. The paper concludes with a unified interpretation of the time-series evidence.

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2007

Ecological Economics, 2022

Reviews are complete and are copied below. The reviewers recommend reconsideration of your paper ... more Reviews are complete and are copied below. The reviewers recommend reconsideration of your paper following major revision. We invite you to resubmit your manuscript after addressing all reviewer comments. When resubmitting your manuscript, please carefully consider all issues mentioned in the reviewers' comments, outline every change made point by point, and provide suitable rebuttals for any comments not addressed.

BJPsych Open, 2019

BackgroundRecent qualitative research suggests that changes to the way eligibility for welfare pa... more BackgroundRecent qualitative research suggests that changes to the way eligibility for welfare payments is determined in the UK may be detrimental to claimants with mental illnesses. No large-scale analysis has been undertaken to date.AimsTo examine differences between claimants with psychiatric conditions compared with non-psychiatric conditions in the number of claims disallowed following a personal independence payment (PIP) eligibility assessment for existing disability living allowance (DLA) claimants.MethodAdministrative data on DLA claimants with psychiatric conditions transferring to PIP between 2013 and 2016 was compared with claimants with non-psychiatric conditions to explore differences in the number of claims disallowed following an eligibility assessment.ResultsClaimants with a mental illness were 2.40 (95% CI 2.36–2.44) times more likely to have their existing DLA entitlement removed following a PIP eligibility assessment than claimants with musculoskeletal conditions...

IDS Bulletin, 1998

Research on health inequalities is changing our understanding of how people are affected by the s... more Research on health inequalities is changing our understanding of how people are affected by the social structures in which they live. Differences in death rates provide 'hard' data on the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on peoples lives. Evidence of threefold differences in death rates between upper and lower social classes, or between richer and poorer neighbourhoods, remind us of how sensitive health continues to be to differences in material circumstances-even in supposedly affluent developed countries. Research over the last 15 or 20 years has shown that this mortality gradient results less from the direct effect of differences in people's material circumstances than it does from the psychosocial effects of those differences. Although factors such as damp housing and inner city air pollution do have direct effects on health, much more important are the health effects of people's subjective experience of their position in society-whether it makes them feel successful, optimistic, confident, or failures, socially excluded, depressed, economically insecure and desperate.

Social inequality and public health

de Ortúzar (UNLP-CONICET-UNPA) "Si el objetivo es crear sociedades sanas, el grado de responsabil... more de Ortúzar (UNLP-CONICET-UNPA) "Si el objetivo es crear sociedades sanas, el grado de responsabilidad debe ser más amplio (Wilkinson.)".

Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn a... more Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn attention to the remarkable sensitivity of health to the social environment. This publication examines this social gradient in health, and explains how psychological and social influences affect physical health and longevity. It then looks at what is known about the most important social determinants of health today, and the role that public policy can play in shaping a social environment that is more conducive to better health. This second edition relies on the most up-to-date sources in its selection and description of the main social determinants of health in our society today. Key research sources are given for each: stress, early life, social exclusion, working conditions, unemployment, social support, addiction, healthy food and transport policy. Policy and action for health need to address the social determinants of health, attacking the causes of ill health before they can lead to...

Wilkinson, Richard ; Pickett, Kate. — L'Egalite, c'est mieux : pourquoi les ecarts de ric... more Wilkinson, Richard ; Pickett, Kate. — L'Egalite, c'est mieux : pourquoi les ecarts de richesse ruinent nos societes / pref. Claude Cossette ; trad. de l'anglais Andre Verkaeren. — Montreal : Ecosociete, 2013 [sept.]. — 384 p.

The tremendous development of technological wave, in particular to virtual technology, has brough... more The tremendous development of technological wave, in particular to virtual technology, has brought shopping activities into a new era. Current research is keen to investigate the relationships between consumers and technology in diverse virtual environments. This article aims to discuss the future directions for shopping practices in virtual worlds. Based on the scope of utilizing virtual technology in shopping practices, our research team investigates how consumers use virtual technology in shopping activities from reviewing prior research of consumer behavior and technological development. Our team highlights the importance of interactivity between virtual technology and consumers. This paper triggers further investigations in the area of (1) the instrumental relationships between the technology and consumer, (2) the connectivity to consumers, and (3) the consumers' perception of shopping in virtual environments and the daily practices in bricks-and-mortar shopping. The research team urges the needs of investigating shopping experiences in virtual worlds for the mentioned areas.

Journal of Social Policy, 2020

rather ‘geographically-informed social policies’? – do or might look like. That on Grenfell and h... more rather ‘geographically-informed social policies’? – do or might look like. That on Grenfell and housing policy is somewhat unconvincing, saying little on the ‘placemaking’ that might have been deployed in that case. Whitworth’s own example of employment support policy draws on HÄgerstrand and Harvey to argue how the co-location of services in space can improve access to them and so benefit individuals and households. Wiggan examines the role of localised investments in improving the life chances of young adults, whereby the state mobilises resources from a range of sources, including the private sector, to focus on the needs of specific groups in particular places. Finally, Pykett explores the growing body of work on behavioural economics/psychology that has underpinned the development of what have become known as ‘nudge’ policies designed to guide individual actions in particular directions rather than require it. And since, as she puts it, ‘individuals’ subjectivities and behaviours are always spatially rooted and networked’ (structuration again) an appreciation of geography, of the particular characteristics of places, is necessary to the appreciation of what policies will work where. The final part comprises two excellent chapters – by Harris and by Orford and Webb – on methods. The first demonstrates how spatial statistics can be deployed to illustrate how policy impact varies across places by spatially decomposing universal models; the second introduces Geographical Information Systems as a means of ‘situating’ and spatially correlating data. But the book includes no case studies indicating that social policy analysts and/or makers are deploying them. The hope, presumably, is that the book will be read and the arguments accepted and implemented. But will it? The book is not presented as a strong manifesto aimed at either social policy analysts in other social sciences than geography or at the creators of social policies: indeed it is not clear what audience it might attract – and stronger introductory and concluding chapters might have helped. There is now a ‘pan-government Head of Geography’ and a Government Science and Engineering profession within the UK civil service (described as ‘one of five government analytical professions that provide evidence for policy’ and which holds regular ‘Geographers in Government’ conferences), so the message has to some extent at least got home. So what is needed for wider audiences are more examples of how geography is being deployed in social policy design, delivery and analysis, and this book only partly does that. Many of the chapters are excellent, but the whole is no more than the sum of the parts. The case needs to be made more powerfully and in ways that will achieve not only influence but also change.

BMJ, 2014

It requires a thoroughgoing democratic transformation

The Lancet Psychiatry, 2017

Finnish National data should be replicated; more randomised trials of lithium monotherapy in unip... more Finnish National data should be replicated; more randomised trials of lithium monotherapy in unipolar depression should be conducted and, if the benefits are verified, practice should reflect this. Finally, all aspects of lithium and its effects on the brain and behaviour should be the focus of continuing rigorous scientific enquiry.

Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 2008

This document describes methods, techniques, and equipment employed at Hanford for the cleanup, d... more This document describes methods, techniques, and equipment employed at Hanford for the cleanup, dismantling, and decommissioning of plutoniumcontaminated facilitles.