Richard Wilkinson - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Richard Wilkinson

BMJ, Nov 21, 1992

destruction by panretinal laser photocoagulation.'3 14 The measurement of visual fields by perime... more destruction by panretinal laser photocoagulation.'3 14 The measurement of visual fields by perimetry is therefore required for evaluating vision in diabetic drivers who have received photocoagulation. Drivers who require photocoagulation should be warned of possible peripheral field loss, which may jeopardise renewal of their driving licence. Dark adaptation may also be affected, and drivers with treated retinopathy may experience difficulty driving at night. Cataracts are associated with excessive headlight glare. The evidence that diabetic drivers have a higher rate of road traffic accidents is limited, but many m6tor insurers still quote higher premiums for diabetic drivers.3 Most recent studies have shown either very similar reported accident rates for diabetic and non-diabetic drivers,568'5 or only a slight increase. 16 These surveys do not, however, include fatal accidents, in which confirmation of a diabetic cause, such as hypoglycaemia, is usually impossible. In addition, accident rates may be lowered by diabetic drivers with advancing complications removing themselves from the active driving population5 6 and by the efforts of the regulatory authority to exclude high risk drivers. Although Songer suggested that restricting the driving licences of diabetic drivers represents unjustified discrimination,'7 it is important to acknowledge that diabetic problems constitute potential hazards to road safety.

International Journal of Epidemiology, Jun 1, 2002

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Mar 3, 2009

Background. Although pregnancy is a time in which women have increased motivation to quit smoking... more Background. Although pregnancy is a time in which women have increased motivation to quit smoking, approximately half of female smokers persist in smoking throughout their pregnancies. Persistent pregnancy smokers are known to be more nicotine dependent and to have greater socio-demographic disadvantage. Less is known about the psychosocial context of persistent pregnancy smokers and factors that distinguish them from pregnancy quitters. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study within the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Participants were 18,225 women, including 13.3% quitters, 12% light smokers and 8 % heavy smokers. Data were collected when the infants were 9 months old. Maternal psychosocial problems were assessed in three domains: interpersonal, adaptive functioning and health-related behaviours. Results. In general, psychosocial problems in all domains increased across the pregnancy smoking continuum (non-smoker, quitter, light smoker, heavy smoker). All three psychosocial domains added incremental utility to prediction of pregnancy smoking status, after adjustment for socio-demographic risk. Conclusion. Problems in multiple psychosocial domains systematically distinguish women along a pregnancy smoking gradient, with heavy smokers having the most problematic psychosocial context. This sub-group of pregnant smokers is unlikely to be able to benefit from usual-care antenatal cessation interventions, which rely on women's capacity for selfinitiation, self-control and social resources. Consideration should be given to tiered interventions that provide more intensive and targeted interventions to pregnant women unable to quit with usual care.

Penguin eBooks, 2010

This is an important book with an extraordinarily important message, conveyed by its title. The b... more This is an important book with an extraordinarily important message, conveyed by its title. The book has clearly resonated with politicians, policy-makers, academics, researchers and many others: the authors have achieved something like superstar status, and not just within the narrow confines of the social policy world, embarking on what might be regarded as the equivalent of a world tour in the past year or so, speaking to the media, at conferences and seminars on literally hundreds of occasions.

Throughout his career Richard has played a formative role in international research on the social... more Throughout his career Richard has played a formative role in international research on the social determinants of health and on the societal effects of income inequality. Richard is the co-author of the groundbreaking book The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone which won the 2011 Political Studies Association Publication of the Year Award.

Sociology and Criminology-Open Access, 2013

This review analyses the time-series evidence of the effects of changing income inequality on cri... more This review analyses the time-series evidence of the effects of changing income inequality on crime for a number of countries and types of crime. 17 papers analysing this relationship using time-series evidence were found via a systematic search. The papers' findings on the relationship between inequality and crime were classified as providing evidence of Significant Positive Associations, No Significant Associations, or Significant Negative Associations. The analysis indicated that property crime increases with rising income inequality and specific measures of violent crime, such as homicide and robbery, also display sensitivity to income inequality over time. Aggregated non-specific measures of violent crime, however, do not display such sensitivity, which is most likely to be due to differences in crime reporting. The majority of the differences in the findings can be explained by the choice of covariates, and the estimators and measures used in the paper. The paper concludes with a unified interpretation of the time-series evidence.

Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir and the ASAP team explore the hidden links between geology, economics and well-being

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2007

Essay Equality, sustainability, and quality of life

Ecological Economics, 2022

Reviews are complete and are copied below. The reviewers recommend reconsideration of your paper ... more Reviews are complete and are copied below. The reviewers recommend reconsideration of your paper following major revision. We invite you to resubmit your manuscript after addressing all reviewer comments. When resubmitting your manuscript, please carefully consider all issues mentioned in the reviewers' comments, outline every change made point by point, and provide suitable rebuttals for any comments not addressed.

BJPsych Open, 2019

BackgroundRecent qualitative research suggests that changes to the way eligibility for welfare pa... more BackgroundRecent qualitative research suggests that changes to the way eligibility for welfare payments is determined in the UK may be detrimental to claimants with mental illnesses. No large-scale analysis has been undertaken to date.AimsTo examine differences between claimants with psychiatric conditions compared with non-psychiatric conditions in the number of claims disallowed following a personal independence payment (PIP) eligibility assessment for existing disability living allowance (DLA) claimants.MethodAdministrative data on DLA claimants with psychiatric conditions transferring to PIP between 2013 and 2016 was compared with claimants with non-psychiatric conditions to explore differences in the number of claims disallowed following an eligibility assessment.ResultsClaimants with a mental illness were 2.40 (95% CI 2.36–2.44) times more likely to have their existing DLA entitlement removed following a PIP eligibility assessment than claimants with musculoskeletal conditions...

IDS Bulletin, 1998

Research on health inequalities is changing our understanding of how people are affected by the s... more Research on health inequalities is changing our understanding of how people are affected by the social structures in which they live. Differences in death rates provide 'hard' data on the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on peoples lives. Evidence of threefold differences in death rates between upper and lower social classes, or between richer and poorer neighbourhoods, remind us of how sensitive health continues to be to differences in material circumstances-even in supposedly affluent developed countries. Research over the last 15 or 20 years has shown that this mortality gradient results less from the direct effect of differences in people's material circumstances than it does from the psychosocial effects of those differences. Although factors such as damp housing and inner city air pollution do have direct effects on health, much more important are the health effects of people's subjective experience of their position in society-whether it makes them feel successful, optimistic, confident, or failures, socially excluded, depressed, economically insecure and desperate.

Tackling inequality takes social reform

Nature

Social inequality and public health

de Ortúzar (UNLP-CONICET-UNPA) "Si el objetivo es crear sociedades sanas, el grado de responsabil... more de Ortúzar (UNLP-CONICET-UNPA) "Si el objetivo es crear sociedades sanas, el grado de responsabilidad debe ser más amplio (Wilkinson.)".

Social determinants of health: the solid facts

Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn a... more Poorer people live shorter lives and are more often ill than the rich. This disparity has drawn attention to the remarkable sensitivity of health to the social environment. This publication examines this social gradient in health, and explains how psychological and social influences affect physical health and longevity. It then looks at what is known about the most important social determinants of health today, and the role that public policy can play in shaping a social environment that is more conducive to better health. This second edition relies on the most up-to-date sources in its selection and description of the main social determinants of health in our society today. Key research sources are given for each: stress, early life, social exclusion, working conditions, unemployment, social support, addiction, healthy food and transport policy. Policy and action for health need to address the social determinants of health, attacking the causes of ill health before they can lead to...

CGECAF. L’Egalité, c'est mieux : pourquoi les écarts de richesse ruinent nos sociétés

Wilkinson, Richard ; Pickett, Kate. — L'Egalite, c'est mieux : pourquoi les ecarts de ric... more Wilkinson, Richard ; Pickett, Kate. — L'Egalite, c'est mieux : pourquoi les ecarts de richesse ruinent nos societes / pref. Claude Cossette ; trad. de l'anglais Andre Verkaeren. — Montreal : Ecosociete, 2013 [sept.]. — 384 p.

Professor Richard Wilkinson: Local Commissions and health inequalities: how can they help?