DELE JEMIRADE | York University (original) (raw)
Papers by DELE JEMIRADE
LAGOS HISTORICAL REVIEW, 2023
Ibn Khaldun is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of history. Although he wro... more Ibn Khaldun is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of history. Although he wrote in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, his works have stood the test of time and remain relevant in the understanding of trends in historical development. The focus of this article is to briefly analyse the major ideas and contributions of Ibn Khaldun to the philosophy of history. As a mirror, this article specifically explores some aspects of Khaldun's magnum opus: The Muqaddimah from historical and philosophical points of view. This is done here by examining Ibn Khaldun's ideology, environment, subject matter, and the purpose of his writing The Muqaddimah. The article also interrogates aspects of Ibn Khaldun's ideas such as race and ethnicity which have not received extensive attention from scholars. Using mainly content analysis, the work discusses the overall relevance of The Muqaddimah to contemporary historical studies. It concludes that the historiography and philosophy of Ibn Khaldun help to understand the factors and forces shaping historical development up to the present time.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2020
This article reexamines and reassesses Nigeria's foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independe... more This article reexamines and reassesses Nigeria's foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independence in 1960, all the administrations in Nigeria had similar foreign policy objectives until 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed became the Head of State. General Mohammed was killed in a failed military coup d'état and General Olusegun Obasanjo, his deputy, became the head of state; hence, the usage of Mohammed-Obasanjo administration. The administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo witnessed the first time that Nigerian broke away from her traditional-moderate way of pursuing foreign policy objectives to a new style with emphasis on action, rather rhetoric. The aim of this review article was to reexamine and reassess the transformations in Nigeria's foreign policy and diplomacy during the administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo. This review article discovers that Nigeria's foreign policy truly transformed from reactionary, conservative, static, and lacklustre nature to inspiring, progressive, radical, and dynamic during the administration of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. The article concluded that the Mohammed-Obasanjo's foreign policy was the best in Nigeria from independence in 1960 to 1979 when Obasanjo handed power to President Shehu Shagari.
Journal of African Studies, 2021
This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism ... more This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism industry in Nigeria, and its adverse effect on the economy and the country in general. The article also analyses the factors responsible for the neglect of the industry and why Nigeria failed to generate substantial revenues from tourism despite the great potential. The article argues that Nigeria had potentials from independence in 1960 to present day and missed so many opportunities to develop a viable and sustainable tourism industry. The article further argues that for more than twenty-eight years, the military governments entrenched avarice, corruption, insecurity, indiscipline, tribalism, nepotism, and overdependence on oil revenues, which negatively disrupted tourism development and the overall growth and development of the nation. The civilian governments did not do better than the military; they were not serious and concentrated on the oil revenue at the detriment of other econo...
This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian ... more This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian intervention and situates them within the genocide that occurred in Darfur, Sudan. The article argues that humanitarian intervention postulate by many scholars failed in Darfur and Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International, International Committee of Red Cross, Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors without Borders) and Coalition for International Justice led the way to expose what happened, challenged the government of Sudan, gave aid to the Darfur people, provide information to the world that led to the indictment of the Sudanese government and its president Omar Al-Bashir. The article concludes that the non-governmental organizations were more useful and valuable to the people of Darfur than the humanitarian intervention theorized by the United Nations and its member countries. Key words: Sudan, Darfur, Genocide, Humanitarian Intervention, Responsibility to Prot...
Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The Br... more Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The British introduced new systems that dramatically transformed the direction of events and the way of life of the people. Scholars have examined the historical development of Kano from multiple perspectives. Thus, the present study is a contribution to the analysis of the historical development of Kano Province under colonial rule with a focus on economic development. Development here refers to economic development, or those features that support it such as railroads, roads, storage facilities, etc.; the "soft" human development, such as education, health, clean water, and electricity; the human capital that supports it; and of course, the social groups that are at the centre of any economic process. The study examines the colonial economy and developments in Kano from its establishment as a province after the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate between 1897 and 1903, up to the end of...
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2022
This article aims to analyze the relevance of Carl von Clausewitz’s theory on Friction in War to ... more This article aims to analyze the relevance of Carl von Clausewitz’s theory on Friction in War to the United States invasion of Iraq. It is argued here that the theory of friction of war by Clausewitz is still very relevant in contemporary warfare. Despite that contemporary warfare is characterized by advanced technology, computers, artificial intelligence, and target precision weaponry, there are so many unpredictable things and beyond the control of soldiers on the battlefield, commanding generals, and civilians who are responsible for the planning and its execution. These unpredictable events that can change the outcome of the war are what Clausewitz refers to as the friction in war. In this article, two examples of friction of war are used to analyze the relevance of this theory. These examples are first, the insurgency in Iraq after the removal of President Saddam Hussein, and the declaration of the end of major hostilities by president George W. Bush and secondly, the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. These two examples are used because they affected considerably the war plans of the United States in Iraq and therefore suffice as examples of friction of war.
Africa Development, 2021
This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence polici... more This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political, and sociocultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that despite some identified failures of Ibrahim Babangida's regime, certain innovations and actions, especially the foreign and defence policies that were introduced and carried out by his government, were significant in nature. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how this can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria's external relations. The article depended largely on archival materials from the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, supported by scholarly journal articles, books and newspaper materials.
Résumé Cet article étudie les changements et les réalisations de la politique étrangère et de la politique de défense du Nigeria de 1985 à 1993. Il examine également leurs
Journal of African Studies and Development , 2021
This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism ... more This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism industry in Nigeria, and its adverse effect on the economy and the country in general. The article also analyses the factors responsible for the neglect of the industry and why Nigeria failed to generate substantial revenues from tourism despite the great potential. The article argues that Nigeria had potentials from independence in 1960 to present day and missed so many opportunities to develop a viable and sustainable tourism industry. The article further argues that for more than twenty-eight years, the military governments entrenched avarice, corruption, insecurity, indiscipline, tribalism, nepotism, and overdependence on oil revenues, which negatively disrupted tourism development and the overall growth and development of the nation. The civilian governments did not do better than the military; they were not serious and concentrated on the oil revenue at the detriment of other economic sectors including tourism. It is concluded here that there is still an opportunity to reverse the loss, but serious effort has to be made for it to be archived.
African Journal of History and Culture, 2021
This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian ... more This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian intervention and situates them within the genocide that occurred in Darfur, Sudan. The article argues that humanitarian intervention postulate by many scholars failed in Darfur and Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International, International Committee of Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders) and Coalition for International Justice led the way to expose what happened, challenged the government of Sudan, gave aid to the Darfur people, provide information to the world that led to the indictment of the Sudanese government and its president Omar Al-Bashir. The article concludes that the non-governmental organizations were more useful and valuable to the people of Darfur than the humanitarian intervention theorized by the United Nations and its member countries.
African Security Review, 2020
Humanitarian intervention has undergone several changes since the Second World War and the justif... more Humanitarian intervention has undergone several changes since the Second World War and the justifications behind it are continually expanding and being reshaped as a result of the interventions performed to resolve the conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Sudan and Kosovo, as well as a result of the emerging post-9/11 paradigm. Humanitarian intervention, while open to many different definitions, is generally understood as the use of both hard and soft power across state borders by external forces with the goal of preventing or obstructing gross human rights violations without the permission of the state within whose territory force is utilised. Overall, this paper is an investigation into the topic of humanitarian intervention. However, it is primarily an investigation into the most recent manifestation of humanitarian intervention, the responsibility to protect and its failures, in sovereignty, morality, and legality in the context of the United Nations as the ‘Guardian Angel of Global Security’.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations , 2020
This article re-examines and reassesses Nigeria’s foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independ... more This article re-examines and reassesses Nigeria’s foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independence in 1960, all the administrations in Nigeria had similar foreign policy objectives until 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed became the Head of State. General Mohammed was killed in a failed military coup d’état and General Olusegun Obasanjo, his deputy, became the head of state; hence, the usage of Mohammed-Obasanjo administration. The administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo witnessed the first time that Nigerian broke away from her traditional-moderate way of pursuing foreign policy objectives to a new style with emphasis on action, rather rhetoric. The aim of this review article was to re-examine and reassess the transformations in Nigeria’s foreign policy and diplomacy during the administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo. This review article discovers that Nigeria’s foreign policy truly transformed from reactionary, conservative, static, and lacklustre nature to inspiring, progressive, radical, and dynamic during the administration of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. The article concluded that the Mohammed-Obasanjo’s foreign policy was the best in Nigeria from independence in 1960 to 1979 when Obasanjo handed power to President Shehu Shagari.
African Journal of Governance and Development, 2020
This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence polici... more This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political and socio-cultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that the foreign and defence policies of the Ibrahim Babangida Administration were successful even if other aspects of the administration were a failure. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how these can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria's external relations.
Missionalia: Southern African Journal of Missiology, 2017
This article examines the transplantation from Nigeria to Canada of the Redeemed Christian Church... more This article examines the transplantation from Nigeria to Canada of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG). It argues that the concept of reverse mission, an increasingly popular view held by some scholars and church leaders that churches from Africa, South America and Asia are now re-evangelising the secular Western world, is but a rhetoric and a myth that does not describe the true nature of the church's activities in Canada. Statistics have shown that there is a decline in church attendance in the Western world including Canada. However, this research establishes that RCCG parishes in Canada are far from being successful with regards to their purported efforts to arrest this through a reverse mission. Instead of winning new souls for Christ among the secularised Canadians, the RCCG is only actively serving its predominantly black congregation. The two largest parishes of the church in Canada were used as a case study to determine that the reverse flow or reverse mission is not successful as some have wrongly assumed.
Thesis Chapters by DELE JEMIRADE
Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The Br... more Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The British introduced new systems that dramatically transformed the direction of events and the way of life of the people. Scholars have examined the historical development of Kano from multiple perspectives. Thus, the present study is a contribution to the analysis of the historical development of Kano Province under colonial rule with a focus on economic development. Development here refers to economic development, or those features that support it such as railroads, roads, storage facilities, etc.; the "soft" human development, such as education, health, clean water, and electricity; the human capital that supports it; and of course, the social groups that are at the centre of any economic process. The study examines the colonial economy and developments in Kano from its establishment as a province after the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate between 1897 and 1903, up to the end of the Great Depression and the beginning of the Second World War. The study examines the nature of the economic development of Kano and related issues, which impacted economic activities during the period. These issues include administrative restructuring, the abolition of slavery, the land tenure system, agriculture, taxation, trade, labour, infrastructure development, reform of the legal system, and economic regulating systems. The innovations that the British colonial authorities introduced made it possible for the economy of Kano to become integrated into the global economy, as agricultural products were exported in large quantities, notably groundnuts. Though most of these policies were targeted towards the maximization of the colonial interests, they were nevertheless initiated and implemented with peculiar considerations to the environmental suitability, socio-political setting, and population configuration of the indigenous Kano people. While not denying that the colonial occupation of Kano was deliberately
iii
designed and implemented by the British authorities to serve their imperial interests, the study argues further that the realistic effects of colonial planning also led to diverse economic advancement for the Kano area as well as for the indigenous and foreign population during the period under study. The research is problematized within the context of the factors that influenced the economic boom in Kano during the colonial period. Generally, the research confirms that Kano’s colonial economy went through a series of changes from the pre-colonial levels to periods of boom and bust from the first decade of the nineteenth century through the Great Depression and the onset of the Second World War. When the British arrived in Kano, they were not well informed of local conditions. The first resident, Cargill, became embroiled in a policy dispute, but the opening of the railway in 1911 saved the day, which enabled the unprecedented exploitation of the area. The railway linked Kano to international trade, which increased its fortunes until the Global Depression reversed the trend. This thesis establishes that colonial policies had significant consequences on Kano’s economy, and the area benefitted from colonialism in many ways which helped to advance its fortunes and development in comparison to its previous state.
Books by DELE JEMIRADE
SHIP AHOY: THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SEADOGS - PYRATES CONFRATERNITY (1952-2022), 2024
This is the history of the National Association of Seadogs (Pyrates Confraternity) from its found... more This is the history of the National Association of Seadogs (Pyrates Confraternity) from its foundation in 1952 to its 70th anniversary in 2022.
LAGOS HISTORICAL REVIEW, 2023
Ibn Khaldun is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of history. Although he wro... more Ibn Khaldun is recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of history. Although he wrote in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, his works have stood the test of time and remain relevant in the understanding of trends in historical development. The focus of this article is to briefly analyse the major ideas and contributions of Ibn Khaldun to the philosophy of history. As a mirror, this article specifically explores some aspects of Khaldun's magnum opus: The Muqaddimah from historical and philosophical points of view. This is done here by examining Ibn Khaldun's ideology, environment, subject matter, and the purpose of his writing The Muqaddimah. The article also interrogates aspects of Ibn Khaldun's ideas such as race and ethnicity which have not received extensive attention from scholars. Using mainly content analysis, the work discusses the overall relevance of The Muqaddimah to contemporary historical studies. It concludes that the historiography and philosophy of Ibn Khaldun help to understand the factors and forces shaping historical development up to the present time.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2020
This article reexamines and reassesses Nigeria's foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independe... more This article reexamines and reassesses Nigeria's foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independence in 1960, all the administrations in Nigeria had similar foreign policy objectives until 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed became the Head of State. General Mohammed was killed in a failed military coup d'état and General Olusegun Obasanjo, his deputy, became the head of state; hence, the usage of Mohammed-Obasanjo administration. The administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo witnessed the first time that Nigerian broke away from her traditional-moderate way of pursuing foreign policy objectives to a new style with emphasis on action, rather rhetoric. The aim of this review article was to reexamine and reassess the transformations in Nigeria's foreign policy and diplomacy during the administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo. This review article discovers that Nigeria's foreign policy truly transformed from reactionary, conservative, static, and lacklustre nature to inspiring, progressive, radical, and dynamic during the administration of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. The article concluded that the Mohammed-Obasanjo's foreign policy was the best in Nigeria from independence in 1960 to 1979 when Obasanjo handed power to President Shehu Shagari.
Journal of African Studies, 2021
This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism ... more This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism industry in Nigeria, and its adverse effect on the economy and the country in general. The article also analyses the factors responsible for the neglect of the industry and why Nigeria failed to generate substantial revenues from tourism despite the great potential. The article argues that Nigeria had potentials from independence in 1960 to present day and missed so many opportunities to develop a viable and sustainable tourism industry. The article further argues that for more than twenty-eight years, the military governments entrenched avarice, corruption, insecurity, indiscipline, tribalism, nepotism, and overdependence on oil revenues, which negatively disrupted tourism development and the overall growth and development of the nation. The civilian governments did not do better than the military; they were not serious and concentrated on the oil revenue at the detriment of other econo...
This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian ... more This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian intervention and situates them within the genocide that occurred in Darfur, Sudan. The article argues that humanitarian intervention postulate by many scholars failed in Darfur and Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International, International Committee of Red Cross, Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors without Borders) and Coalition for International Justice led the way to expose what happened, challenged the government of Sudan, gave aid to the Darfur people, provide information to the world that led to the indictment of the Sudanese government and its president Omar Al-Bashir. The article concludes that the non-governmental organizations were more useful and valuable to the people of Darfur than the humanitarian intervention theorized by the United Nations and its member countries. Key words: Sudan, Darfur, Genocide, Humanitarian Intervention, Responsibility to Prot...
Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The Br... more Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The British introduced new systems that dramatically transformed the direction of events and the way of life of the people. Scholars have examined the historical development of Kano from multiple perspectives. Thus, the present study is a contribution to the analysis of the historical development of Kano Province under colonial rule with a focus on economic development. Development here refers to economic development, or those features that support it such as railroads, roads, storage facilities, etc.; the "soft" human development, such as education, health, clean water, and electricity; the human capital that supports it; and of course, the social groups that are at the centre of any economic process. The study examines the colonial economy and developments in Kano from its establishment as a province after the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate between 1897 and 1903, up to the end of...
Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2022
This article aims to analyze the relevance of Carl von Clausewitz’s theory on Friction in War to ... more This article aims to analyze the relevance of Carl von Clausewitz’s theory on Friction in War to the United States invasion of Iraq. It is argued here that the theory of friction of war by Clausewitz is still very relevant in contemporary warfare. Despite that contemporary warfare is characterized by advanced technology, computers, artificial intelligence, and target precision weaponry, there are so many unpredictable things and beyond the control of soldiers on the battlefield, commanding generals, and civilians who are responsible for the planning and its execution. These unpredictable events that can change the outcome of the war are what Clausewitz refers to as the friction in war. In this article, two examples of friction of war are used to analyze the relevance of this theory. These examples are first, the insurgency in Iraq after the removal of President Saddam Hussein, and the declaration of the end of major hostilities by president George W. Bush and secondly, the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. These two examples are used because they affected considerably the war plans of the United States in Iraq and therefore suffice as examples of friction of war.
Africa Development, 2021
This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence polici... more This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political, and sociocultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that despite some identified failures of Ibrahim Babangida's regime, certain innovations and actions, especially the foreign and defence policies that were introduced and carried out by his government, were significant in nature. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how this can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria's external relations. The article depended largely on archival materials from the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, supported by scholarly journal articles, books and newspaper materials.
Résumé Cet article étudie les changements et les réalisations de la politique étrangère et de la politique de défense du Nigeria de 1985 à 1993. Il examine également leurs
Journal of African Studies and Development , 2021
This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism ... more This article examines and assesses the neglected development of a viable and sustainable tourism industry in Nigeria, and its adverse effect on the economy and the country in general. The article also analyses the factors responsible for the neglect of the industry and why Nigeria failed to generate substantial revenues from tourism despite the great potential. The article argues that Nigeria had potentials from independence in 1960 to present day and missed so many opportunities to develop a viable and sustainable tourism industry. The article further argues that for more than twenty-eight years, the military governments entrenched avarice, corruption, insecurity, indiscipline, tribalism, nepotism, and overdependence on oil revenues, which negatively disrupted tourism development and the overall growth and development of the nation. The civilian governments did not do better than the military; they were not serious and concentrated on the oil revenue at the detriment of other economic sectors including tourism. It is concluded here that there is still an opportunity to reverse the loss, but serious effort has to be made for it to be archived.
African Journal of History and Culture, 2021
This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian ... more This article examines the trends and types of arguments by scholars on the issue of humanitarian intervention and situates them within the genocide that occurred in Darfur, Sudan. The article argues that humanitarian intervention postulate by many scholars failed in Darfur and Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International, International Committee of Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders) and Coalition for International Justice led the way to expose what happened, challenged the government of Sudan, gave aid to the Darfur people, provide information to the world that led to the indictment of the Sudanese government and its president Omar Al-Bashir. The article concludes that the non-governmental organizations were more useful and valuable to the people of Darfur than the humanitarian intervention theorized by the United Nations and its member countries.
African Security Review, 2020
Humanitarian intervention has undergone several changes since the Second World War and the justif... more Humanitarian intervention has undergone several changes since the Second World War and the justifications behind it are continually expanding and being reshaped as a result of the interventions performed to resolve the conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Sudan and Kosovo, as well as a result of the emerging post-9/11 paradigm. Humanitarian intervention, while open to many different definitions, is generally understood as the use of both hard and soft power across state borders by external forces with the goal of preventing or obstructing gross human rights violations without the permission of the state within whose territory force is utilised. Overall, this paper is an investigation into the topic of humanitarian intervention. However, it is primarily an investigation into the most recent manifestation of humanitarian intervention, the responsibility to protect and its failures, in sovereignty, morality, and legality in the context of the United Nations as the ‘Guardian Angel of Global Security’.
African Journal of Political Science and International Relations , 2020
This article re-examines and reassesses Nigeria’s foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independ... more This article re-examines and reassesses Nigeria’s foreign policy from 1960 to 1979. From independence in 1960, all the administrations in Nigeria had similar foreign policy objectives until 1975 when General Murtala Mohammed became the Head of State. General Mohammed was killed in a failed military coup d’état and General Olusegun Obasanjo, his deputy, became the head of state; hence, the usage of Mohammed-Obasanjo administration. The administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo witnessed the first time that Nigerian broke away from her traditional-moderate way of pursuing foreign policy objectives to a new style with emphasis on action, rather rhetoric. The aim of this review article was to re-examine and reassess the transformations in Nigeria’s foreign policy and diplomacy during the administration of Mohammed and Obasanjo. This review article discovers that Nigeria’s foreign policy truly transformed from reactionary, conservative, static, and lacklustre nature to inspiring, progressive, radical, and dynamic during the administration of Generals Murtala Mohammed and Olusegun Obasanjo. The article concluded that the Mohammed-Obasanjo’s foreign policy was the best in Nigeria from independence in 1960 to 1979 when Obasanjo handed power to President Shehu Shagari.
African Journal of Governance and Development, 2020
This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence polici... more This article investigates the changes to and achievements of Nigeria's foreign and defence policies from 1985 to 1993. It also examines the economic, political and socio-cultural implications of these policies on the nation. The article argues that the foreign and defence policies of the Ibrahim Babangida Administration were successful even if other aspects of the administration were a failure. The article also addresses the interlocking relationship between defence and foreign policy execution and concludes with recommendations on how these can be managed to promote the effectiveness of Nigeria's external relations.
Missionalia: Southern African Journal of Missiology, 2017
This article examines the transplantation from Nigeria to Canada of the Redeemed Christian Church... more This article examines the transplantation from Nigeria to Canada of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG). It argues that the concept of reverse mission, an increasingly popular view held by some scholars and church leaders that churches from Africa, South America and Asia are now re-evangelising the secular Western world, is but a rhetoric and a myth that does not describe the true nature of the church's activities in Canada. Statistics have shown that there is a decline in church attendance in the Western world including Canada. However, this research establishes that RCCG parishes in Canada are far from being successful with regards to their purported efforts to arrest this through a reverse mission. Instead of winning new souls for Christ among the secularised Canadians, the RCCG is only actively serving its predominantly black congregation. The two largest parishes of the church in Canada were used as a case study to determine that the reverse flow or reverse mission is not successful as some have wrongly assumed.
Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The Br... more Kano and its environs came under British rule in the first years of the twentieth century. The British introduced new systems that dramatically transformed the direction of events and the way of life of the people. Scholars have examined the historical development of Kano from multiple perspectives. Thus, the present study is a contribution to the analysis of the historical development of Kano Province under colonial rule with a focus on economic development. Development here refers to economic development, or those features that support it such as railroads, roads, storage facilities, etc.; the "soft" human development, such as education, health, clean water, and electricity; the human capital that supports it; and of course, the social groups that are at the centre of any economic process. The study examines the colonial economy and developments in Kano from its establishment as a province after the conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate between 1897 and 1903, up to the end of the Great Depression and the beginning of the Second World War. The study examines the nature of the economic development of Kano and related issues, which impacted economic activities during the period. These issues include administrative restructuring, the abolition of slavery, the land tenure system, agriculture, taxation, trade, labour, infrastructure development, reform of the legal system, and economic regulating systems. The innovations that the British colonial authorities introduced made it possible for the economy of Kano to become integrated into the global economy, as agricultural products were exported in large quantities, notably groundnuts. Though most of these policies were targeted towards the maximization of the colonial interests, they were nevertheless initiated and implemented with peculiar considerations to the environmental suitability, socio-political setting, and population configuration of the indigenous Kano people. While not denying that the colonial occupation of Kano was deliberately
iii
designed and implemented by the British authorities to serve their imperial interests, the study argues further that the realistic effects of colonial planning also led to diverse economic advancement for the Kano area as well as for the indigenous and foreign population during the period under study. The research is problematized within the context of the factors that influenced the economic boom in Kano during the colonial period. Generally, the research confirms that Kano’s colonial economy went through a series of changes from the pre-colonial levels to periods of boom and bust from the first decade of the nineteenth century through the Great Depression and the onset of the Second World War. When the British arrived in Kano, they were not well informed of local conditions. The first resident, Cargill, became embroiled in a policy dispute, but the opening of the railway in 1911 saved the day, which enabled the unprecedented exploitation of the area. The railway linked Kano to international trade, which increased its fortunes until the Global Depression reversed the trend. This thesis establishes that colonial policies had significant consequences on Kano’s economy, and the area benefitted from colonialism in many ways which helped to advance its fortunes and development in comparison to its previous state.
SHIP AHOY: THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SEADOGS - PYRATES CONFRATERNITY (1952-2022), 2024
This is the history of the National Association of Seadogs (Pyrates Confraternity) from its found... more This is the history of the National Association of Seadogs (Pyrates Confraternity) from its foundation in 1952 to its 70th anniversary in 2022.