David Griswold | Youngstown State University (original) (raw)

Papers by David Griswold

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing dry needling or local acupuncture to various wet needling injection types for musculoskeletal pain and disability. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Disability and Rehabilitation, Jan 12, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Immediate effects of superficial dry needling of the trigeminal nerve innervation field for participants with cervicogenic headache. A randomized controlled trial

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Exercise Dosage on Neck-Related Pain and Disability: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2020

OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate whether exercise therapy is effective for managing neck pain, and (2) i... more OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate whether exercise therapy is effective for managing neck pain, and (2) investigate the relationship between exercise therapy dosage and treatment effect. DESIGN Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. LITERATURE SEARCH An electronic search of 6 databases was completed for trials assessing the effects of exercise therapy on neck pain. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials that compared exercise therapy to a no-exercise therapy control for treating neck pain. Two reviewers screened and selected studies, extracted outcomes, assessed article risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We used meta-regression to analyze the effect of exercise dosage on neck pain and disability. RESULTS Fourteen trials were included in the review. Seven trials were at high risk of bias, 4 were at unclear risk of bias, and 3 were at low risk of bias. Exercise therapy was superior to control for reducing pain (visual analog scale mean difference, -15.32 mm) and improving disability (Neck Disability Index mean difference, -3.64 points). Exercise dosage parameters did not predict pain or disability outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise was beneficial for reducing pain and disability, regardless of exercise therapy dosage. Therefore, optimal exercise dosage recommendations remain unknown. We encourage clinicians to use exercise when managing mechanical neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):607-621. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9155.

Research paper thumbnail of A randomized clinical trial comparing non-thrust manipulation with segmental and distal dry needling on pain, disability, and rate of recovery for patients with non-specific low back pain

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the within and between-group effects of segme... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the within and between-group effects of segmental and distal dry needling (DN) without needle manipulation to a semi-standardized non-thrust manipulation (NTM) targeting the symptomatic spinal level for patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Methods: Sixty-five patients with NSLBP were randomized to receive either DN (n = 30) or NTM (n = 35) for six sessions over 3 weeks. Outcomes collected included the oswestry disability index (ODI), patient specific functional scale (PSFS), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and pain pressure thresholds (PPT). At discharge, patients perceived recovery was assessed. Results: A two-way mixed model ANOVA demonstrated that there was no group*time interaction for PSFS (p = 0.26), ODI (p = 0.57), NPRS (p = 0.69), and PPT (p = 0.51). There was significant within group effects for PSFS (3.1 [2.4, 3.8], p = 0.018), ODI (14.5% [10.0%, 19.0%], p = 0.015), NPRS (2.2 [1.5, 2.8], p = 0.009), but not for PPT (3.3 [0.5, 6.0], p = 0.20). Discussion: The between-group effects were neither clinically nor statistically significant. The within group effects were both significant and exceeded the reported minimum clinically important differences for the outcomes tools except the PPT. DN and NTM produced comparable outcomes in this sample of patients with NSLBP.

Research paper thumbnail of Pragmatically Applied Cervical and Thoracic Nonthrust Manipulation Versus Thrust Manipulation for Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 2018

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Background The comparative effectiveness between nonthrus... more Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Background The comparative effectiveness between nonthrust manipulation (NTM) and thrust manipulation (TM) for mechanical neck pain has been investigated, with inconsistent results. Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of concordant cervical and thoracic NTM and TM for patients with mechanical neck pain. Methods The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS), deep cervical flexion endurance (DCF), global rating of change (GROC), number of visits, and duration of care. The covariate was clinical equipoise for intervention. Outcomes were collected at baseline, visit 2, and discharge. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either NTM or TM directed at the cervical and thoracic spines. Techniques and dosages were selected pragmatically and applied to the most symptomatic level. Two-way mixed-model analyses of covarian...

Research paper thumbnail of A preliminary study comparing the use of cervical/upper thoracic mobilization and manipulation for individuals with mechanical neck pain

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2014

Objectives: Neck pain is routinely managed using manual therapy (MT) to the cervical and thoracic... more Objectives: Neck pain is routinely managed using manual therapy (MT) to the cervical and thoracic spines. While both mobilizations and manipulations to these areas have been shown to reduce neck pain, increase cervical range of motion, and reduce disability, the most effective option remains elusive. The purpose of this preliminary trial was to compare the pragmatic use of cervical and thoracic mobilizations vs. manipulation for mechanical neck pain. Methods: This trial included 20 patients with mechanical neck pain. Each patient was randomized to receive either mobilization or manipulation to both the cervical and thoracic spines during their plan of care. Within-group analyses were made with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and between-group analyses were made with Mann-Whitney U. Results: There were no between-group differences for any of the dependent variables including cervical active range of motion (CAROM) (P50.18), deep cervical flexion (DCF) endurance (P50.06), numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) (P50.26), the neck disability index (NDI, P50.33), patient-specific functional scale (PSFS, P50.20), or the global rating of change (GROC) scale (P50.94). Within-group results were significant for all outcome variables (P,0.001) from initial evaluation to discharge for both groups. Discussion: These findings were consistent with other trials previously conducted that applied the MT techniques in a pragmatic fashion, but varied from previous trials where the treatment was standardized. A larger experimental study is necessary to further examine the differences between mobilization and manipulation for neck pain.

Research paper thumbnail of Establishing the reliability and concurrent validity of physical performance tests using virtual reality equipment for community-dwelling healthy elders

Disability and Rehabilitation, 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of common... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of commonly used physical performance tests using the OmniVRä Virtual Rehabilitation System for healthy community-dwelling elders. Method: Participants (N ¼ 40) were recruited by the authors and were screened for eligibility. The initial method of measurement was randomized to either virtual reality (VR) or clinically based measures (CM). Physical performance tests included the five times sit to stand, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Forward Functional Reach (FFR) and 30-s stand test. A random number generator determined the testing order. The test-re-test reliability for the VR and CM was determined. Furthermore, concurrent validity was determined using a Pearson product moment correlation (Pearson r). Results: The VR demonstrated excellent reliability for 5 Â STS intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ¼ 0.931 (3,1) , FFR ICC ¼ 0.846 (3,1) and the TUG ICC ¼ 0.944 (3,1). The concurrent validity data for the VR and CM (ICC 3, k) were moderate for FFR ICC ¼ 0.682, excellent 5 Â STS ICC ¼ 0.889 and excellent for the TUG ICC ¼ 0.878. The concurrent validity of the 30-s stand test was good ICC ¼ 0.735 (3,1). Conclusions: This study supports the use of VR equipment for measuring physical performance tests in the clinic for healthy community-dwelling elders. ä Implications for Rehabilitation Virtual reality equipment is not only used to treat balance impairments but it is also used to measure and determine physical impairments through the use of physical performance tests. Virtual reality equipment is a reliable and valid tool for collecting physical performance data for the 5 Â STS, FFR, TUG and 30-s stand test for healthy community-dwelling elders.

Research paper thumbnail of Dry Needling for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Pain Medicine

Objective The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the... more Objective The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of various applications of dry needling (DN) combined with other conservative treatments for subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Methods Six databases (PubMED, CINAHL, Biosis, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched after the study had been registered in PROSPERO. The authors included randomized clinical trials investigating the clinical effects of DN in combination with other conservative interventions for SAPS. Outcomes included pain and disability. Results Eight studies were selected. All eight studies involving 10 comparisons were included in the analyses (N = 538). A random-effects model was used to analyze between-group effects. Dry needling performed in combination with other conservative interventions produced favorable outcomes at all time points for pain and disability. Standard mean differences ranged from –0....

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness of superficial versus deep dry needling or acupuncture for reducing pain and disability in individuals with spine-related painful conditions: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of deep ver... more ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of deep versus superficial dry needling or acupuncture on pain and disability for spine-related painful conditions. A secondary purpose was to account for the differences of needling location in relation to the painful area. Methods: This PROSPERO (#CRD42018106237) registered review found 691 titles through a multi-database search. Following a comprehensive search, 12 manuscripts were included in the systematic review and 10 in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pain and disability. Results: The included studies demonstrated an unclear to high risk of bias recommending a cautious interpretation of the results. A consistent effect supporting deep needling over superficial with an SMD of 0.585 [0.335, 0.835], p < 0.001 from 10 articles for pain but a non-significant effect of 0.197 [−0.066, 0.461], p = 0.14 from 2 studies for disability. A temporal examination was similar for effects on pain with an SMD of 0.450 [0.104, 0.796] immediately, 0.711 [0.375, 1.048] short-term (1 to 11 weeks), and 0.470 [0.135, 0.805] for time-points ≥12 weeks. Regionally, there was a greater effect needling the area of pain locally (SMD = 0.754) compared to remotely (SMD = 0.501). Discussion: Statistically significant between-group differences were observed favoring deep needling over superficial. Both superficial and deep needling resulted in clinically meaningful changes in pain scores over time. However, differences between groups may not be clinically meaningful. More high-quality trials are needed to better estimate the effect size of deep versus superficial needling while controlling for location and depth of the lesion. Level of evidence: 1a

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing dry needling or local acupuncture to various wet needling injection types for musculoskeletal pain and disability. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Disability and Rehabilitation, Jan 12, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Immediate effects of superficial dry needling of the trigeminal nerve innervation field for participants with cervicogenic headache. A randomized controlled trial

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

Research paper thumbnail of The Effects of Exercise Dosage on Neck-Related Pain and Disability: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2020

OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate whether exercise therapy is effective for managing neck pain, and (2) i... more OBJECTIVE To (1) evaluate whether exercise therapy is effective for managing neck pain, and (2) investigate the relationship between exercise therapy dosage and treatment effect. DESIGN Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. LITERATURE SEARCH An electronic search of 6 databases was completed for trials assessing the effects of exercise therapy on neck pain. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials that compared exercise therapy to a no-exercise therapy control for treating neck pain. Two reviewers screened and selected studies, extracted outcomes, assessed article risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. We used meta-regression to analyze the effect of exercise dosage on neck pain and disability. RESULTS Fourteen trials were included in the review. Seven trials were at high risk of bias, 4 were at unclear risk of bias, and 3 were at low risk of bias. Exercise therapy was superior to control for reducing pain (visual analog scale mean difference, -15.32 mm) and improving disability (Neck Disability Index mean difference, -3.64 points). Exercise dosage parameters did not predict pain or disability outcomes. CONCLUSION Exercise was beneficial for reducing pain and disability, regardless of exercise therapy dosage. Therefore, optimal exercise dosage recommendations remain unknown. We encourage clinicians to use exercise when managing mechanical neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(11):607-621. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9155.

Research paper thumbnail of A randomized clinical trial comparing non-thrust manipulation with segmental and distal dry needling on pain, disability, and rate of recovery for patients with non-specific low back pain

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the within and between-group effects of segme... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the within and between-group effects of segmental and distal dry needling (DN) without needle manipulation to a semi-standardized non-thrust manipulation (NTM) targeting the symptomatic spinal level for patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Methods: Sixty-five patients with NSLBP were randomized to receive either DN (n = 30) or NTM (n = 35) for six sessions over 3 weeks. Outcomes collected included the oswestry disability index (ODI), patient specific functional scale (PSFS), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and pain pressure thresholds (PPT). At discharge, patients perceived recovery was assessed. Results: A two-way mixed model ANOVA demonstrated that there was no group*time interaction for PSFS (p = 0.26), ODI (p = 0.57), NPRS (p = 0.69), and PPT (p = 0.51). There was significant within group effects for PSFS (3.1 [2.4, 3.8], p = 0.018), ODI (14.5% [10.0%, 19.0%], p = 0.015), NPRS (2.2 [1.5, 2.8], p = 0.009), but not for PPT (3.3 [0.5, 6.0], p = 0.20). Discussion: The between-group effects were neither clinically nor statistically significant. The within group effects were both significant and exceeded the reported minimum clinically important differences for the outcomes tools except the PPT. DN and NTM produced comparable outcomes in this sample of patients with NSLBP.

Research paper thumbnail of Pragmatically Applied Cervical and Thoracic Nonthrust Manipulation Versus Thrust Manipulation for Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 2018

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Background The comparative effectiveness between nonthrus... more Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Background The comparative effectiveness between nonthrust manipulation (NTM) and thrust manipulation (TM) for mechanical neck pain has been investigated, with inconsistent results. Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of concordant cervical and thoracic NTM and TM for patients with mechanical neck pain. Methods The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS), deep cervical flexion endurance (DCF), global rating of change (GROC), number of visits, and duration of care. The covariate was clinical equipoise for intervention. Outcomes were collected at baseline, visit 2, and discharge. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either NTM or TM directed at the cervical and thoracic spines. Techniques and dosages were selected pragmatically and applied to the most symptomatic level. Two-way mixed-model analyses of covarian...

Research paper thumbnail of A preliminary study comparing the use of cervical/upper thoracic mobilization and manipulation for individuals with mechanical neck pain

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2014

Objectives: Neck pain is routinely managed using manual therapy (MT) to the cervical and thoracic... more Objectives: Neck pain is routinely managed using manual therapy (MT) to the cervical and thoracic spines. While both mobilizations and manipulations to these areas have been shown to reduce neck pain, increase cervical range of motion, and reduce disability, the most effective option remains elusive. The purpose of this preliminary trial was to compare the pragmatic use of cervical and thoracic mobilizations vs. manipulation for mechanical neck pain. Methods: This trial included 20 patients with mechanical neck pain. Each patient was randomized to receive either mobilization or manipulation to both the cervical and thoracic spines during their plan of care. Within-group analyses were made with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and between-group analyses were made with Mann-Whitney U. Results: There were no between-group differences for any of the dependent variables including cervical active range of motion (CAROM) (P50.18), deep cervical flexion (DCF) endurance (P50.06), numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) (P50.26), the neck disability index (NDI, P50.33), patient-specific functional scale (PSFS, P50.20), or the global rating of change (GROC) scale (P50.94). Within-group results were significant for all outcome variables (P,0.001) from initial evaluation to discharge for both groups. Discussion: These findings were consistent with other trials previously conducted that applied the MT techniques in a pragmatic fashion, but varied from previous trials where the treatment was standardized. A larger experimental study is necessary to further examine the differences between mobilization and manipulation for neck pain.

Research paper thumbnail of Establishing the reliability and concurrent validity of physical performance tests using virtual reality equipment for community-dwelling healthy elders

Disability and Rehabilitation, 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of common... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and concurrent validity of commonly used physical performance tests using the OmniVRä Virtual Rehabilitation System for healthy community-dwelling elders. Method: Participants (N ¼ 40) were recruited by the authors and were screened for eligibility. The initial method of measurement was randomized to either virtual reality (VR) or clinically based measures (CM). Physical performance tests included the five times sit to stand, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Forward Functional Reach (FFR) and 30-s stand test. A random number generator determined the testing order. The test-re-test reliability for the VR and CM was determined. Furthermore, concurrent validity was determined using a Pearson product moment correlation (Pearson r). Results: The VR demonstrated excellent reliability for 5 Â STS intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ¼ 0.931 (3,1) , FFR ICC ¼ 0.846 (3,1) and the TUG ICC ¼ 0.944 (3,1). The concurrent validity data for the VR and CM (ICC 3, k) were moderate for FFR ICC ¼ 0.682, excellent 5 Â STS ICC ¼ 0.889 and excellent for the TUG ICC ¼ 0.878. The concurrent validity of the 30-s stand test was good ICC ¼ 0.735 (3,1). Conclusions: This study supports the use of VR equipment for measuring physical performance tests in the clinic for healthy community-dwelling elders. ä Implications for Rehabilitation Virtual reality equipment is not only used to treat balance impairments but it is also used to measure and determine physical impairments through the use of physical performance tests. Virtual reality equipment is a reliable and valid tool for collecting physical performance data for the 5 Â STS, FFR, TUG and 30-s stand test for healthy community-dwelling elders.

Research paper thumbnail of Dry Needling for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Pain Medicine

Objective The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the... more Objective The authors of this systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for the effectiveness of various applications of dry needling (DN) combined with other conservative treatments for subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Methods Six databases (PubMED, CINAHL, Biosis, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched after the study had been registered in PROSPERO. The authors included randomized clinical trials investigating the clinical effects of DN in combination with other conservative interventions for SAPS. Outcomes included pain and disability. Results Eight studies were selected. All eight studies involving 10 comparisons were included in the analyses (N = 538). A random-effects model was used to analyze between-group effects. Dry needling performed in combination with other conservative interventions produced favorable outcomes at all time points for pain and disability. Standard mean differences ranged from –0....

Research paper thumbnail of The effectiveness of superficial versus deep dry needling or acupuncture for reducing pain and disability in individuals with spine-related painful conditions: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of deep ver... more ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of deep versus superficial dry needling or acupuncture on pain and disability for spine-related painful conditions. A secondary purpose was to account for the differences of needling location in relation to the painful area. Methods: This PROSPERO (#CRD42018106237) registered review found 691 titles through a multi-database search. Following a comprehensive search, 12 manuscripts were included in the systematic review and 10 in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pain and disability. Results: The included studies demonstrated an unclear to high risk of bias recommending a cautious interpretation of the results. A consistent effect supporting deep needling over superficial with an SMD of 0.585 [0.335, 0.835], p < 0.001 from 10 articles for pain but a non-significant effect of 0.197 [−0.066, 0.461], p = 0.14 from 2 studies for disability. A temporal examination was similar for effects on pain with an SMD of 0.450 [0.104, 0.796] immediately, 0.711 [0.375, 1.048] short-term (1 to 11 weeks), and 0.470 [0.135, 0.805] for time-points ≥12 weeks. Regionally, there was a greater effect needling the area of pain locally (SMD = 0.754) compared to remotely (SMD = 0.501). Discussion: Statistically significant between-group differences were observed favoring deep needling over superficial. Both superficial and deep needling resulted in clinically meaningful changes in pain scores over time. However, differences between groups may not be clinically meaningful. More high-quality trials are needed to better estimate the effect size of deep versus superficial needling while controlling for location and depth of the lesion. Level of evidence: 1a