Elizaveta Kotorova | University of Zielona Gora (original) (raw)
Papers by Elizaveta Kotorova
Germanica Wratislaviensia, Oct 1, 2010
Language Typology and Universals, 2003
This paper describes the challenges posed to lexicographers by the unique cultural vocabulary and... more This paper describes the challenges posed to lexicographers by the unique cultural vocabulary and other lexical idiosyncrasies of Ket, a language isolate of Central Siberia that displays a number of interesting typological features. It describes the ongoing project of compiling a bilingual dictionary including the various Ket dialects that began with the pioneering fieldwork of ANDREAS DULSON, founder of the Native Siberian Languages Laboratory at Tomsk Pedagogical University. The discussion also touches upon the issue of language endangerment as it relates to Ket.
Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, Aug 4, 2022
Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of ... more Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of North Asia. This large territory is also home to other language families: Samoyedic, Ob-Ugric, Tungusic, and Turkic. Apart from Yeniseian, which are strikingly unique, all language groups in the area conform to a common typological profile. Subsequent to contact over several hundred years, many of the core grammatical features that distinguish Yeniseian from the other language families have undergone a ‘typological accommodation,’ a phenomenon most prominent in Modern Ket, to mimic the dominant language type in the area. The present article aims to provide an overview of some ways in which typological accommodation has affected the phonemic tones and nominal and verbal morphology in Modern Ket, and to show that this peculiar phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level in formation of adverbial and relative clauses. As such, the paper presents that the phonemic and morphological structures of Modern Ket uniquely position the language for discourse and communication. Here, its speakers deploy these communicative devices, specifically designed followed extended contact with other languages, as representative of their language community.
Universitätsverlag WINTER eBooks, 2011
Journal of Asian Linguistic Anthropology, 2020
This paper aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dic... more This paper aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dictionary of Ket, a unique and highly endangered language spoken in Northern Asia. Among the primary issues discussed are the following: 1. Target audience. There are three variants: (1) language community; (2) academic community; (3) both communities. The survey of existing Ket dictionaries and the present sociolinguistic situation in the Ket community has shown that scholars are by and large the main TA for the dictionary. This was also the determinant factor in dealing with various practical dictionary-related questions. 2. Basic vocabulary. The initial wordlist can be based on: (1) translation of the list of the most frequent words from a European language; (2) extraction of the wordlist from a corpus of texts. (3) thematic elicitation from native speakers. The main peculiarity in compiling a wordlist for the Ket dictionary is connected with the fact that it was initially created on the basis of a hand- written card file dictionary (compiled from a collection of field notes). 3. Dictionary entry. It includes two important components – a lemma and a commentary. 3.1 Lemma. Since the dictionary is primarily targeted at scholars, it uses notation based on IPA. Due to diverse orthographic notations used in the field notes as well as in other sources, dictionary representations of the Ket data required unification. As a result, Ket lemmata are provided in strict phonological transcription, while illustrative contexts are represented in a unified phonetic transcription reflecting dialectal differences. 3.2 Commentary. An obligatory and very important component of the commentary is a certain hierarchic arrangement of word meanings reflected in the corresponding meta-language translations. Linguists compiling dictionaries usually rely on the totality of contexts in which the given word can be found, and, if they are native speakers, upon their own intuition. Those who compile dictionaries of unwritten languages are generally not native speakers, and therefore contexts are of an utmost importance. In this case, each single meaning should be confirmed by an appropriate context. The corpus of illustrative examples for the dictionary is based both on published and unpublished sources. In many cases, the commentaries include encyclopedic information, as it helps to understand certain ethnospecific concepts.
Language and Linguistics Compass
The present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translat... more The present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translation and intercultural communication and proposes a novel approach to this problem based on ideas from prototype theory and field theory. Within this approach, interlingual equivalence is defined not as the relation between two lexemes, but as the relation between a lexeme and a semantic field. The first part of the paper thus provides a general description of the main types of corresponding semantic fields. The second part deals with the factors that generally serve as a basis for establishing equivalence relations between lexical units in systems of the languages being compared and in texts. Particular attention is paid to outlining the differences between these factors. Furthermore, the paper discusses peculiarities arising when establishing equivalence relations between utterances in interlingual communication. In certain communicative situations, equivalent utterances cannot be perce...
Целью статьи является представление методики сопоставительного анализа базовых единиц внутри- и м... more Целью статьи является представление методики сопоставительного анализа базовых единиц внутри- и межкультурной коммуникации и демонстрация ее применения на примере модели речевого поведения ОБЕЩАНИЕ. В отличие от ранее предложенных терминов, таких как речевой акт (Дж. Остин и Дж. Сёрль), речевой жанр (М. Бахтин), основную единицу коммуникации предлагается назвать моделью речевого поведения (МРП). Иллокутивное содержание и общая организация моделей речевого поведения могут считаться универсальными, в то время как их языковая реализация является культурно обусловленной и может существенно различаться в разных языковых сообществах. В составе анализа каждой модели необходимо вычленить и описать следующие компоненты: 1) коммуникативную цель МРП или ее иллокуцию в терминах Естественного семантического метаязыка, 2) структуру модели, включающую лексическую и грамматическую характеристику основных компонентов высказываний, реализующих данную МРП, 3) коммуникативно-прагматические факторы, вли...
Journal of Asian Pacific Communication
Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of ... more Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of North Asia. This large territory is also home to other language families: Samoyedic, Ob-Ugric, Tungusic, and Turkic. Apart from Yeniseian, which are strikingly unique, all language groups in the area conform to a common typological profile. Subsequent to contact over several hundred years, many of the core grammatical features that distinguish Yeniseian from the other language families have undergone a ‘typological accommodation,’ a phenomenon most prominent in Modern Ket, to mimic the dominant language type in the area. The present article aims to provide an overview of some ways in which typological accommodation has affected the phonemic tones and nominal and verbal morphology in Modern Ket, and to show that this peculiar phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level in formation of adverbial and relative clauses. As such, the paper presents that the phonemic and morphological st...
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 2021
The present paper aims to reveal similar and different features when realizing the speech behavio... more The present paper aims to reveal similar and different features when realizing the speech behavior pattern (SPB) of permission in Russian and German. The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. The possibilities of expressing the SBP of permission in Russian and German are described using the method of the communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The peculiarities of the field organization in these languages are revealed. The language data are taken from the existing Russian and German corpora.
Russian Journal of Linguistics, 2019
До середины XX века термин «прагматика» использовался в различных областях науки (таких как семио... more До середины XX века термин «прагматика» использовался в различных областях науки (таких как семиотика, философия, социология, психология), вследствие чего его содержание стало весьма широким и неоднозначным. Поэтому в процессе возникновения и развития лингвистически ориентированной прагматики стало необходимо определить место прагматики по отношению к лингвистике и ограничить круг ее задач. Отношения между прагматикой и лингвистикой могут быть интерпретированы тремя способами: 1) прагматика-это отдельная дисциплина, тесно связанная с лингвистикой; 2) прагматика является частью лингвистики; 3) прагматика относится к определенной части лингвистики. Эти три возможности обсуждаются в статье с опорой на существующую лингвистическую литературу. В качестве самостоятельной дисциплины прагматика постулируется, как правило, в том случае, если она как теоретическое направление возникает на стыке двух или нескольких наук (Habermas 1998, Mey 2001). В том случае, когда прагматика включается в состав лингвистики наряду с другими ее разделами, она обозначается как прагмалингвистика или лингвистическая прагматика. Эта точка зрения является в настоящее время наиболее распространенной, она чаще всего представлена в лингвистических словарях, в учебниках и пособиях по языкознанию (Ахманова 1966, Норман 2009, Bußmann 1990, Ernst 2002 и др.). Если прагматика рассматривается как часть определенного раздела лингвистики, то чаще всего она считается аспектом лингвистики текста или семантики (Лайонз 2003, Heinemann und Viehweger 1991). В заключение предлагается новая интерпретация: помимо системной лингвистики, прикладной лингвистики, междисциплинарной лингвистики и возможных других подразделов следует выделять также коммуникативную лингвистику; прагматика относится к коммуникативной лингвистике, наряду с фонетикой.
GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 2021
The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting cross-cultural research o... more The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting cross-cultural research of verbal communication behaviour and identifying its peculiarities in different language cultures. First of all, the author discusses the problem of defining a basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behaviour and proposes her own interpretation of such a unit called speech behaviour pattern (SBP). The illocutionary content and general organization of any SBP is considered universal, while their actual realization in a language is culturally conditioned and therefore may vary significantly in different languages. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical centre and a gradationally formed periphery, which is referred to as communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The proposed methodology of contrastive analysis includes the following four major components: 1) definition of illocutionary purpose, 2) description of structural forms of SBP (i.e., their lexical and grammatical characteristics), 3) identifying communicative-pragmatic factors, 4) description of the structure and hierarchy of the communicative-pragmatic field that includes utterances implementing SBP. The presented approach is then consistently applied to the analysis of the SBP of INVITATION in the Russian and German discourse. The language data are taken from the existing Russian and German corpora. The proposed methodology helps to identify the main similarities and differences in the implementation of the SBP INVITATION in Russian and German driven by grammatical and communicative-pragmatic factors.
Moderna Sprak, 2021
The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal commun... more The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal communication behavior and identification of its peculiarities in different language cultures. The basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behavior is called speech behavior pattern (SPB). The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical center and a gradually formed periphery, referred to as communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The practical implementation of this methodology consists in describing peculiarities of the speech behavior pattern of agreement and refusal in the German discourse. The langu...
The present article surveys the main directions of the contemporary lexical-semantic typology and... more The present article surveys the main directions of the contemporary lexical-semantic typology and how the German language data can be applied to the existing classifications. The diachronic aspect concerns the typology of lexical change, namely universals and particulars of semantic change, lexical borrowing and word formation. The synchronic aspect has two different perspectives: one is onomasiological, directed at the determination of universal and specific models of lexicalization of concepts; the other is semasiological, which is expressed in the comparative analysis of the semantics and structure of the polysemy of corresponding lexemes.
Making a dictionary of a minority language, especially, an endangered one, requires solving sever... more Making a dictionary of a minority language, especially, an endangered one, requires solving several problematic issues specific to this kind of lexicographical work. The primary issues to be dealt with in this case are as follows. (1) Identification of the target audience. There are three possible variants: language community, academic community, or both communities. The choice depends on what lexicographical work has already been done for a given language and what are the needs and expectations of the communities. (2) Collecting data and compiling the basic vocabulary. There are several approaches to this issue including a) translation of the list of the most frequent words from a European language, b) extraction of the wordlist from a corpus of texts, and c) thematic elicitation from native speakers in order to obtain basic lexical units belonging to a particular semantic field. (3) Creating dictionary entries. In general, every dictionary entry consists of two main components – a...
Fremdes zwischen Teilhabe und Distanz, 2021
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 2021
International Journal “Speech Genres”, 2015
CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR PATTERNS Аннотация. Возросший интерес к анализу речевого пов... more CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR PATTERNS Аннотация. Возросший интерес к анализу речевого поведения человека вызывает необходимость определения базовой единицы коммуникативной сферы, которая могла бы служить основой для её анализа. В первой части статьи обсуждаются предлагаемые различными авторами единицы речевой деятельности, такие как речевой акт (Дж. Остин и Дж. Сёрль), речевой жанр (М. Бахтин), ситуативная, аспектная и параметрическая модели коммуникативного поведения (И. Стернин), модель речевой деятельности (К. Элих и Й. Ребайн). В заключение обзора на суд читателя выносится авторская интерпретация базовой единицы коммуникации, которую предлагается назвать моделью речевого поведения (МРП). Иллокутивное содержание и общая организация МРП могут считаться универсальными, в то время как их языковая реализация является культурно обусловленной и может существенно различаться в разных языковых сообществах. Высказывания, входящие в определённую МРП, организованы по принципу поля, в составе которого выделяется прототипический центр и градуально сформированная периферия. Во второй части статьи описываются основные факторы и компоненты контрастивного анализа МРП, к которым относятся: дефиниция иллокутивной цели, выявление коммуникативнопрагматических факторов и основных структурных форм реализации МРП, контрастивное описание состава и иерархии коммуникативно-прагматических полей в анализируемых языках. В заключение выявляются различия между понятиями эквивалентности и адекватности и возможные отношения между ними в контрастивной лингвистике.
Anthropological Linguistics, 2019
Describing culture-specific vocabulary is a rather challenging part of lexicographic work. In par... more Describing culture-specific vocabulary is a rather challenging part of lexicographic work. In particular, it concerns making dictionaries of languages considered to be endangered. As a rule, such languages are understudied and not sufficiently documented, which greatly complicates the presentation of ethnocultural realia in a dictionary. The present article describes the main problems related to presenting ethnocultural material encountered in the course of making the Comprehensive Dictionary of Ket, a highly endangered Yeniseian language. They include 1) cultural differences in categorization of extralinguistic reality, 2) presentation of ethnocultural information in a dictionary entry, 3) loss of ethnocultural knowledge in the language community.
Germanica Wratislaviensia, Oct 1, 2010
Language Typology and Universals, 2003
This paper describes the challenges posed to lexicographers by the unique cultural vocabulary and... more This paper describes the challenges posed to lexicographers by the unique cultural vocabulary and other lexical idiosyncrasies of Ket, a language isolate of Central Siberia that displays a number of interesting typological features. It describes the ongoing project of compiling a bilingual dictionary including the various Ket dialects that began with the pioneering fieldwork of ANDREAS DULSON, founder of the Native Siberian Languages Laboratory at Tomsk Pedagogical University. The discussion also touches upon the issue of language endangerment as it relates to Ket.
Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, Aug 4, 2022
Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of ... more Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of North Asia. This large territory is also home to other language families: Samoyedic, Ob-Ugric, Tungusic, and Turkic. Apart from Yeniseian, which are strikingly unique, all language groups in the area conform to a common typological profile. Subsequent to contact over several hundred years, many of the core grammatical features that distinguish Yeniseian from the other language families have undergone a ‘typological accommodation,’ a phenomenon most prominent in Modern Ket, to mimic the dominant language type in the area. The present article aims to provide an overview of some ways in which typological accommodation has affected the phonemic tones and nominal and verbal morphology in Modern Ket, and to show that this peculiar phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level in formation of adverbial and relative clauses. As such, the paper presents that the phonemic and morphological structures of Modern Ket uniquely position the language for discourse and communication. Here, its speakers deploy these communicative devices, specifically designed followed extended contact with other languages, as representative of their language community.
Universitätsverlag WINTER eBooks, 2011
Journal of Asian Linguistic Anthropology, 2020
This paper aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dic... more This paper aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dictionary of Ket, a unique and highly endangered language spoken in Northern Asia. Among the primary issues discussed are the following: 1. Target audience. There are three variants: (1) language community; (2) academic community; (3) both communities. The survey of existing Ket dictionaries and the present sociolinguistic situation in the Ket community has shown that scholars are by and large the main TA for the dictionary. This was also the determinant factor in dealing with various practical dictionary-related questions. 2. Basic vocabulary. The initial wordlist can be based on: (1) translation of the list of the most frequent words from a European language; (2) extraction of the wordlist from a corpus of texts. (3) thematic elicitation from native speakers. The main peculiarity in compiling a wordlist for the Ket dictionary is connected with the fact that it was initially created on the basis of a hand- written card file dictionary (compiled from a collection of field notes). 3. Dictionary entry. It includes two important components – a lemma and a commentary. 3.1 Lemma. Since the dictionary is primarily targeted at scholars, it uses notation based on IPA. Due to diverse orthographic notations used in the field notes as well as in other sources, dictionary representations of the Ket data required unification. As a result, Ket lemmata are provided in strict phonological transcription, while illustrative contexts are represented in a unified phonetic transcription reflecting dialectal differences. 3.2 Commentary. An obligatory and very important component of the commentary is a certain hierarchic arrangement of word meanings reflected in the corresponding meta-language translations. Linguists compiling dictionaries usually rely on the totality of contexts in which the given word can be found, and, if they are native speakers, upon their own intuition. Those who compile dictionaries of unwritten languages are generally not native speakers, and therefore contexts are of an utmost importance. In this case, each single meaning should be confirmed by an appropriate context. The corpus of illustrative examples for the dictionary is based both on published and unpublished sources. In many cases, the commentaries include encyclopedic information, as it helps to understand certain ethnospecific concepts.
Language and Linguistics Compass
The present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translat... more The present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translation and intercultural communication and proposes a novel approach to this problem based on ideas from prototype theory and field theory. Within this approach, interlingual equivalence is defined not as the relation between two lexemes, but as the relation between a lexeme and a semantic field. The first part of the paper thus provides a general description of the main types of corresponding semantic fields. The second part deals with the factors that generally serve as a basis for establishing equivalence relations between lexical units in systems of the languages being compared and in texts. Particular attention is paid to outlining the differences between these factors. Furthermore, the paper discusses peculiarities arising when establishing equivalence relations between utterances in interlingual communication. In certain communicative situations, equivalent utterances cannot be perce...
Целью статьи является представление методики сопоставительного анализа базовых единиц внутри- и м... more Целью статьи является представление методики сопоставительного анализа базовых единиц внутри- и межкультурной коммуникации и демонстрация ее применения на примере модели речевого поведения ОБЕЩАНИЕ. В отличие от ранее предложенных терминов, таких как речевой акт (Дж. Остин и Дж. Сёрль), речевой жанр (М. Бахтин), основную единицу коммуникации предлагается назвать моделью речевого поведения (МРП). Иллокутивное содержание и общая организация моделей речевого поведения могут считаться универсальными, в то время как их языковая реализация является культурно обусловленной и может существенно различаться в разных языковых сообществах. В составе анализа каждой модели необходимо вычленить и описать следующие компоненты: 1) коммуникативную цель МРП или ее иллокуцию в терминах Естественного семантического метаязыка, 2) структуру модели, включающую лексическую и грамматическую характеристику основных компонентов высказываний, реализующих данную МРП, 3) коммуникативно-прагматические факторы, вли...
Journal of Asian Pacific Communication
Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of ... more Ket is the sole surviving member of the Yeniseian language family, spoken in the central part of North Asia. This large territory is also home to other language families: Samoyedic, Ob-Ugric, Tungusic, and Turkic. Apart from Yeniseian, which are strikingly unique, all language groups in the area conform to a common typological profile. Subsequent to contact over several hundred years, many of the core grammatical features that distinguish Yeniseian from the other language families have undergone a ‘typological accommodation,’ a phenomenon most prominent in Modern Ket, to mimic the dominant language type in the area. The present article aims to provide an overview of some ways in which typological accommodation has affected the phonemic tones and nominal and verbal morphology in Modern Ket, and to show that this peculiar phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level in formation of adverbial and relative clauses. As such, the paper presents that the phonemic and morphological st...
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 2021
The present paper aims to reveal similar and different features when realizing the speech behavio... more The present paper aims to reveal similar and different features when realizing the speech behavior pattern (SPB) of permission in Russian and German. The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. The possibilities of expressing the SBP of permission in Russian and German are described using the method of the communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The peculiarities of the field organization in these languages are revealed. The language data are taken from the existing Russian and German corpora.
Russian Journal of Linguistics, 2019
До середины XX века термин «прагматика» использовался в различных областях науки (таких как семио... more До середины XX века термин «прагматика» использовался в различных областях науки (таких как семиотика, философия, социология, психология), вследствие чего его содержание стало весьма широким и неоднозначным. Поэтому в процессе возникновения и развития лингвистически ориентированной прагматики стало необходимо определить место прагматики по отношению к лингвистике и ограничить круг ее задач. Отношения между прагматикой и лингвистикой могут быть интерпретированы тремя способами: 1) прагматика-это отдельная дисциплина, тесно связанная с лингвистикой; 2) прагматика является частью лингвистики; 3) прагматика относится к определенной части лингвистики. Эти три возможности обсуждаются в статье с опорой на существующую лингвистическую литературу. В качестве самостоятельной дисциплины прагматика постулируется, как правило, в том случае, если она как теоретическое направление возникает на стыке двух или нескольких наук (Habermas 1998, Mey 2001). В том случае, когда прагматика включается в состав лингвистики наряду с другими ее разделами, она обозначается как прагмалингвистика или лингвистическая прагматика. Эта точка зрения является в настоящее время наиболее распространенной, она чаще всего представлена в лингвистических словарях, в учебниках и пособиях по языкознанию (Ахманова 1966, Норман 2009, Bußmann 1990, Ernst 2002 и др.). Если прагматика рассматривается как часть определенного раздела лингвистики, то чаще всего она считается аспектом лингвистики текста или семантики (Лайонз 2003, Heinemann und Viehweger 1991). В заключение предлагается новая интерпретация: помимо системной лингвистики, прикладной лингвистики, междисциплинарной лингвистики и возможных других подразделов следует выделять также коммуникативную лингвистику; прагматика относится к коммуникативной лингвистике, наряду с фонетикой.
GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 2021
The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting cross-cultural research o... more The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting cross-cultural research of verbal communication behaviour and identifying its peculiarities in different language cultures. First of all, the author discusses the problem of defining a basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behaviour and proposes her own interpretation of such a unit called speech behaviour pattern (SBP). The illocutionary content and general organization of any SBP is considered universal, while their actual realization in a language is culturally conditioned and therefore may vary significantly in different languages. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical centre and a gradationally formed periphery, which is referred to as communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The proposed methodology of contrastive analysis includes the following four major components: 1) definition of illocutionary purpose, 2) description of structural forms of SBP (i.e., their lexical and grammatical characteristics), 3) identifying communicative-pragmatic factors, 4) description of the structure and hierarchy of the communicative-pragmatic field that includes utterances implementing SBP. The presented approach is then consistently applied to the analysis of the SBP of INVITATION in the Russian and German discourse. The language data are taken from the existing Russian and German corpora. The proposed methodology helps to identify the main similarities and differences in the implementation of the SBP INVITATION in Russian and German driven by grammatical and communicative-pragmatic factors.
Moderna Sprak, 2021
The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal commun... more The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal communication behavior and identification of its peculiarities in different language cultures. The basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behavior is called speech behavior pattern (SPB). The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical center and a gradually formed periphery, referred to as communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The practical implementation of this methodology consists in describing peculiarities of the speech behavior pattern of agreement and refusal in the German discourse. The langu...
The present article surveys the main directions of the contemporary lexical-semantic typology and... more The present article surveys the main directions of the contemporary lexical-semantic typology and how the German language data can be applied to the existing classifications. The diachronic aspect concerns the typology of lexical change, namely universals and particulars of semantic change, lexical borrowing and word formation. The synchronic aspect has two different perspectives: one is onomasiological, directed at the determination of universal and specific models of lexicalization of concepts; the other is semasiological, which is expressed in the comparative analysis of the semantics and structure of the polysemy of corresponding lexemes.
Making a dictionary of a minority language, especially, an endangered one, requires solving sever... more Making a dictionary of a minority language, especially, an endangered one, requires solving several problematic issues specific to this kind of lexicographical work. The primary issues to be dealt with in this case are as follows. (1) Identification of the target audience. There are three possible variants: language community, academic community, or both communities. The choice depends on what lexicographical work has already been done for a given language and what are the needs and expectations of the communities. (2) Collecting data and compiling the basic vocabulary. There are several approaches to this issue including a) translation of the list of the most frequent words from a European language, b) extraction of the wordlist from a corpus of texts, and c) thematic elicitation from native speakers in order to obtain basic lexical units belonging to a particular semantic field. (3) Creating dictionary entries. In general, every dictionary entry consists of two main components – a...
Fremdes zwischen Teilhabe und Distanz, 2021
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski, 2021
International Journal “Speech Genres”, 2015
CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR PATTERNS Аннотация. Возросший интерес к анализу речевого пов... more CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SPEECH BEHAVIOR PATTERNS Аннотация. Возросший интерес к анализу речевого поведения человека вызывает необходимость определения базовой единицы коммуникативной сферы, которая могла бы служить основой для её анализа. В первой части статьи обсуждаются предлагаемые различными авторами единицы речевой деятельности, такие как речевой акт (Дж. Остин и Дж. Сёрль), речевой жанр (М. Бахтин), ситуативная, аспектная и параметрическая модели коммуникативного поведения (И. Стернин), модель речевой деятельности (К. Элих и Й. Ребайн). В заключение обзора на суд читателя выносится авторская интерпретация базовой единицы коммуникации, которую предлагается назвать моделью речевого поведения (МРП). Иллокутивное содержание и общая организация МРП могут считаться универсальными, в то время как их языковая реализация является культурно обусловленной и может существенно различаться в разных языковых сообществах. Высказывания, входящие в определённую МРП, организованы по принципу поля, в составе которого выделяется прототипический центр и градуально сформированная периферия. Во второй части статьи описываются основные факторы и компоненты контрастивного анализа МРП, к которым относятся: дефиниция иллокутивной цели, выявление коммуникативнопрагматических факторов и основных структурных форм реализации МРП, контрастивное описание состава и иерархии коммуникативно-прагматических полей в анализируемых языках. В заключение выявляются различия между понятиями эквивалентности и адекватности и возможные отношения между ними в контрастивной лингвистике.
Anthropological Linguistics, 2019
Describing culture-specific vocabulary is a rather challenging part of lexicographic work. In par... more Describing culture-specific vocabulary is a rather challenging part of lexicographic work. In particular, it concerns making dictionaries of languages considered to be endangered. As a rule, such languages are understudied and not sufficiently documented, which greatly complicates the presentation of ethnocultural realia in a dictionary. The present article describes the main problems related to presenting ethnocultural material encountered in the course of making the Comprehensive Dictionary of Ket, a highly endangered Yeniseian language. They include 1) cultural differences in categorization of extralinguistic reality, 2) presentation of ethnocultural information in a dictionary entry, 3) loss of ethnocultural knowledge in the language community.
Grenzen der Sprache – Grenzen der Sprachwissenschaft I. Hrsg. von Iwona Bartoszewicz / Joanna Szczęk / Artur Tworek. Wrocław / Dresden: ATUT / Neisse Verlag, 2017, S. 109-117., 2017
Does pragmatics belong within the boundaries of linguistics? The relation between pragmatics and... more Does pragmatics belong within the boundaries of linguistics?
The relation between pragmatics and linguistics can be interpreted in three ways: 1) pragmatics is a separate discipline closely related to linguistics; 2) pragmatics is a part
of linguistics; 3) pragmatics belongs to a certain part of linguistics. These three possibilities are discussed in the article and a new interpretation is proposed: In addition
to core linguistics, applied linguistics and interdisciplinary linguistics, one should
distinguish communicational linguistics; pragmatics belongs to communicational
linguistics along with phonetics.
The CALA 2019 Proceedings, 2019
This presentation aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of makin... more This presentation aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dictionary of Ket, a unique and highly endangered language spoken in Northern Asia. Among the primary issues discussed are the following:
1. Target audience. There are three variants: (1) language community; (2) academic community; (3) both communities. The survey of existing Ket dictionaries and the present sociolinguistic situation in the Ket community has shown that scholars are by and large the main TA for the dictionary. This was also the determinant factor in dealing with various practical dictionary-related questions.
2. Basic vocabulary. The initial wordlist can be based on: (1) translation of the list of the most frequent words from a European language; (2) extraction of the wordlist from a corpus of texts; (3) thematic elicitation from native speakers. The main peculiarity in compiling a wordlist for the Ket dictionary is connected with the fact that it was initially created on the basis of a handwritten card file dictionary (compiled from a collection of field notes).
3. Dictionary entry. It includes two important components – a lemma and a commentary.
3.1. Lemma. Since the dictionary is primarily targeted at scholars, it uses notation based on IPA. Due to diverse orthographic notations used in the field notes as well as in other sources, dictionary representations of the Ket data required unification. As a result, Ket lemmata are provided in strict phonological transcription, while illustrative contexts are represented in a unified phonetic transcription reflecting dialectal differences.
3.2 Commentary. An obligatory and very important component of the commentary is a certain hierarchic arrangement of word meanings reflected in the corresponding meta-language translations. Linguists compiling dictionaries usually rely on the totality of contexts in which the given word can be found, and, if they are native speakers, upon their own intuition. Those who compile dictionaries of unwritten languages are generally not native speakers, and therefore contexts are of an utmost importance. In this case, each single meaning should be confirmed by an appropriate context. The corpus of illustrative examples for the dictionary is based both on published and unpublished sources. In many cases, the commentaries include encyclopedic information, as it helps to understand certain ethnospecific concepts.
Keywords: Ket, documentation, endangered languages, Lexicography