The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary (original) (raw)

Birth. February 19, 1734, San Felipe, archdiocese of Valencia, Spain (1). Of a noble family. Son of Antonio Cebrián Salvador (1697-1759), regidor of San Felipe, and Ignacia Valdá y Andía-Irarrazábal (1697-?), of the marquises of Busianos.

Education. Initial studies with a private tutor; University of Valencia, Valencia (philosophy and law; obtained a doctorate in civil law, 1755; and a doctorate in canon law, 1759).

Priesthood. Ordained, between 1755 and 1759. Canon doctoral of the cathedral chapter of Valencia, 1759. Occupied the chair of Instituta y Código, University of Valencia, 1772; rector of the same university several times. Vicar general and capitular of Valencia.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Orihuela, July 23, 1797; took possession of the see the following October 3. Consecrated, October 1797, cathedral of Valencia, by Juan Francisco Jiménez del Río, archbishop of Valencia, assisted by Antonio José Moreno, bishop of Tortosa, and by Félix Rico Rico, bishop of Teruel. He distinguished himself for the charitable activity during the epidemic of cholera in 1812. Called to the royal court in Madrid, he resigned the government of the diocese of Orihuela on July 7, 1815. Promoted to the patriarchate of the West Indies; and named pro-major chaplain of the king, and military vicar general, chancellor of the four military orders and archdeacon of Toledo, July 10, 1815. King Fernando VII requested his promotion to the cardinalate.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 23, 1816; he received the red biretta by papal brief the following day; never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title.

Death. February 8 (or 9, or 10), 1820, Madrid. Buried in the convent of the Capuchin nuns, Madrid.

Bibliography. Guitarte Izquierdo, Vidal. Episcopologio Español (1700-1867). Españoles obispos en españa, América, Filipinas y otros países. Rome : Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica, 1994. (Publicaciones del Instituto Español de Historia Eclesiástica; Subsidia; 29), p. 135; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 240-241; Notizie per l'anno 1823. Rome : G.F. Chracas, 1822, p. 56; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 319; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 13 and 223.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VI, 319; Notizie per l'anno 1823, p. 56; and his biography, linked above, which bases its information on the cardinal's baptismal certificate. Other sources, Gran Enciclopedia Española and Diccionario Hispanoamericano, indicate that he was born September 9, 1734 or September 19, 1734, respectively. San Felipe was the name given to Játiva during the 18th century as punishment for having been the principal center of the supporters of Archduke Carlos de Borbón against Philippe de Bourbon in the War of Spanish Succession.

Birth. May 28, 1761, Graz, diocese of Seckau, Styria. Son of Count Weikhard Joseph Trauttmansdorf-Weinsberg and Countess Maria Anna Wurmbrand-Stuppach. His last name is also listed as Trauttmannsdorff; as Trautmansdorf; as Trautmansdorff; and as Trauttmannsdorff.

Education. Studied at the Lyceum of Graz (humanities and philosophy); at the Pontifical Collegio Germanico, Rome (theology, 1780); at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Sant'Apollinare, Rome (doctorate in theology, August 12, 1782); and at the Imperial College, Pavia, where he was influenced by two Jansenist professors: Pietro Tamburini and Giuseppe Zola. Received the insignias of the clerical character and the minor orders on July 25, 1780; the subdiaconate on May 30, 1782; and the diaconate on June 14, 1783.

Priesthood. Non-resident canon of the cathedral chapter of Olomouc, June 13, 1783. Ordained, December 20, 1783, Graz. Pastoral ministery in Jägerndorf, Krnov, Silesia; curate of Holleschau, Moravia, in 1785 (here he learned Czech); at this time, he renounced Jansenism; resident canon, November 19, 1793, and archpriest of its cathedral chapter. Nominated bishop of Trieste, 1793, but before receiving the pope's confirmation, he was nominated by Emperor Franz I to the see of Hradek Králové, August 30, 1794.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Hradek Králové (Königgrätz), Bohemia, July 1, 1795. Consecrated, September 8, 1795, church of Sankt Maurice, Kromeriz, by Antonín Theodor Hrabì Colloredo-Waldsee, archbishop of Olomouc, assisted by Karl Godefried von Rosenthal, titular bishop of Cafarnam and auxiliary bishop of Olmütz, and by Johann Prokop von Schaffgotsch, bishop of Ceske Budejovice. Privy councilor, 1806. Elected archbishop of Olomouc by its cathedral chapter, November 26, 1811; preconized, March 15, 1815. Decorated with the grand cross of the Order of Leopold, 1817.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 23, 1816; received the red biretta by brief dated the following day; never received the red hat and the title.

Death. January 20, 1819, Vienna. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Vienna and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Olomouc.

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré; Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 929-930; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 356; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 13.

Birth. February 1, 1749, Vienna, Austria. Son of Anton Joseph Franz Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz, and Maria Anna von Rogendorf. They had ten children. His last name is also listed as Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim.

Education. Military Academy Theresianum, Vienna; Bildungsreisen or travels of study, 1769 (Germany, France, Italy and England); studied theology in Rome. Received the subdiaconate, May 7, 1775; and the diaconate, June 18, 1775, from Pope Pius VI.

Priesthood. Ordained, August 25, 1775, by Pope Pius VI. Canon of the cathedral chapters of Olomouc from 1767, Salzburg, Cologne, and Strasburg. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota for Germany in January 1780; took the oath, June 23; learned of the intention to promote him to the episcopate in 1782; resigned the post on April 10, 1784.

Episcopate. Nominated prince bishop of Gurk by the emperor, November 20, 1783; confirmed by Hieronymous Joseph von Colloredo, archbishop of Salzburg, 1784; preconized in the consistory of July 24, 1784. Consecrated, August 9, 1784, metropolitan cathedral of Salzburg, by Hieronymous Joseph von Colloredo, archbishop of Salzburg, assisted by von Ferdinand Christoph von Waldburg-Zeil-Trauchburg, bishop of Chiemsee, and by Vinzenz Joseph Franz de Sales von Schrattenbach, bishop of Lavant; he took possession of the see on May 16, 1785. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, April 8, 1800. Elected member of Accadenia di Religione Cattolica, Rome, in 1806.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of September 23, 1816; received the red biretta by papal brief date the following day; never received the red hat and the title.

Death. April 19, 1822, after a brief illness, Klangenfurt, Carinthia. Buried in the castle of Strassburg, Gurktal, Carintia, residence of the bishops of Gurk (1).

Bibliography. Feill, Franz. Cardinal Salm und seine Friedenswerke. Graz : "Leykam-Josefsthal," 1872; Gatz, Erwin. "Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krauteim, Franz Xaver Altgraf von." Die Bischöfe der deutschsprachigen Länder, 1785/1803 bis 1945 : ein biographisches Lexikon. Herausgegeben von Erwin Gatz. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 1983, pp. 643-645; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 824-825; Rauber-Zimmer, Ingeborg Ursula. "Franziskus Xavier von Salm", in Festgabe zum 900-Jahrjubilaeum des Bistums Gurk, 1072-1972. Klagenfurt : Verlag des Geschichtsvereines für Käerten, 1972. (Carinthia I. ; Jahrg. 161-162, 1971-72); Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 232; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p. 13; Tropper, Peter G. Franz Xaver von Salm : Aufklärer, Kardinal, Patriot, Diözese Gurk & Stadt Klagenfurt : Katalog, Ausstellung 11. Juni-12 Nov. 1993, Bischöfliche Residenz, Mariannengasse 2, Klagenfurt. Klagenfurt : Universitätsverlag Carinthia, 1993.

Birth. January 24, 1743, Szeben, diocese of Transylvania (1). Of a noble family originally from Villanova de'Solari, diocese of Turin, Piedmont. Nephew of Giovanni Paolo Solaro, bishop of Vercelli.

Education. Studied at the University of Turin, where he obtained a doctorate in theology on June 25, 1765; anda doctorate in utroque iure, both canon and civil law, in May 1767.

Priesthood. Ordained, February 22, 1766. Vicar general of Turin. Chaplain of the king of Sardinia. Director of Collegio Reale dei Nobili.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Aosta, September 20, 1784. Consecrated, September 26, 1784, church of S. Andrea della Valle, Rome, by Cardinal Hyacinthe Gerdil, B., prefect of the S.C. of the Index, assisted by Giuseppe Maria Contesini, titular archbishop of Atene, papal almoner, and by Pietro Luigi Galletti, O.S.B., titular bishop of Cirene. He took possession of the see on February 26, 1785. Resigned pastoral government of the diocese of Aosta, May 15, 1803, after allowing the union of the see with the diocese of Ivrea on the following June 1. Abott commendatario of the monastery of Fruttuaria.

Death. September 9, 1824, of an apoplexy, Turin. Buried in the crypt of the archbishops in the metropolitan cathedral of Turin.

Bibliography. LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 802-803; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VI (1730-1799). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, p 106; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VII (1800-1846). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1968, pp. 13 and 44.

(1) Some sources indicate that he was born in Sankt Polten, Austria.