The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary (original) (raw)

The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) Consistory of May 12, 1879 (I)

(1) 1. FÜRSTENBERG, Friedrich Egon von
(1813-1892)

Birth. October 8, 1813, Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Had the title of count. Son of Count Friedrich Carl Fürstenberg (1774-1856) and Princess Theresie Schwarzenberg (1780-1870). Cousin of Cardinal Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg (1842) and relative of Cardinal Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg (1686).

Education. Studied theology at the University of Vienna from 1831 to 1835; then, at the University of Olomouc, where he earned a doctorate in theology in 1838.

Early life. Non-resident canon of the cathedral chapter of Olomouc, Moravia, March 16, 1832.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 15, 1836. Further studies, Olomouc, 1836-1838. Assistant, St. Miacheal's parish, 1836-November 17, 1836. Pastor in Harbach, diocese of Sankt Pölten, June 15, 1838. Provost and pastor of College of Sankt Maurice, Kromeriz, 1843, and, at the same time, archpriest, dean and inspector of elementary students of its district. Resident canon of the cathedral chapter of Olomouc, January 1849. Vicar capitular of Olomouc, 1853.

Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Olomouc by its chapter, June 6, 1853; confirmed by the pope, June 27, 1853. Consecrated, September 4, 1853, Olomouc, by Cardinal Friedrich Johannes Jacob Celestin von Schwarzenberg, archbishop of Prague, assisted by Anton Ernst von Schaffgotsch, bishop of Brünn (Brno), and by Rodolpho von Thysebaert, titular bishop of Tiberia, auxiliary of Olomouc. Privy councilor of the emperor, 1853. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, March 15, 1859. Member of the house of lords of the Austrian parliament, 1861.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879; received the red hat and the title of S. Crisogono in the consistory of February 27, 1880. Decorated with the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan, 1885. Honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in recognition of his scientific work.

Death. August 20, 1892 (1), Hukvaldy, Moravia. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of St. Vaclav, Olomouc.

Bibliography. La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 192; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 28, 47 and 425.

Webgraphy. His genealogy, A2 D2 G6, Genealogy.EU; engravings, arms and portraits, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 28; to his biographical in Czech, linked above; and to his genealogy, also linked above. La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 192, indicates that he died on August 19, 1892.

(2) 2. DESPREZ, Florian-Jules
(1807-1895)

Birth. April 14, 1807, Ostricourt, archdiocese of Cambrai, France. Son of Germain Desprez (1776-1857) and Felicité Turbelin (1770-1852), small farmer owners. His baptismal name was Florian-Jules-Félix.

Education. Before studying at the seminary he did it at the Royal Collegio of Douai (1819-1824); then, at the Major Seminary of Cambrai.

Priesthood. Ordained, December 19, 1829. After being ordained a priest, he was parish priest in Pont à Marq (February 1834); then dean de Templeuve (September 1843) and at Nôtre Dame de Roubaix (February 1847).

Episcopate. Elected first bishop of Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion, October 3, 1850. Consecrated, January 5, 1851, church of Notre-Dâme of Roubaix, by Rene-François Régnier, archbishop of Cambrai, assisted by Louis-Joseph Delebecque, bishop of Gand, and by Jean-Baptiste Malou, bishop of Bruges. Transferred to the see of Limoges, March 19, 1857. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Toulouse et Narbonne, September 26, 1859.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879. Received the red hat and the title of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro in the consistory of September 22, 1879.

Death. January 21 (1), 1895, Toulouse. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Toulouse.

Bibliography. Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 263; La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 196; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 28, 49, 247 and 551.

Webgraphy. Engravings, arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana; Vie de son éminence le Cardinal Desprez, Archevêque de Toulouse by Jules Lacointa, Lille : Société de Saint-Augustin, 1897, Hathitrust, full view.

(1) This is according to Ritzler, Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi, VIII, 28; and Chapeau, Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973, p. 263; La Gerarchia Cattolica e la Famiglia Pontificia per l'anno 1903, p. 196, indicates that he died on January 20, 1895.

(3) 3. HAYNALD, Lajos
(1816-1891)

Birth. October 3, 1816, Szécsény, archdiocese of Esztergom, Hungary. Son of István Haynald (1773-1854), private secretary of Count Forgách, and Franciska Jüttner (+1875), a native of Vács and daughter of a German. His father was also a great fan of botany and started the collection that his son continued and enriched later. Received the sacrament of confirmation, May 14, 1826.

Education. Studied philosophy in Trnava; University of Vienna (doctorate in theology). Received minor orders, December 15, 1830; subdeacon and deacon, October 12 and 13, 1839, respectively. He devoted himself to the study of botany and made a large collection of plants and of books, which later became part of the Hungarian National Museum.

Priesthood. Ordained, October 15, 1839. Further studies, Vienna, 1839-1842. After completing his studies and before becoming a professor at the seminary in Esztergom, he served for a short time in the neighborhood of Lipótváros (Pest) and then was chaplain at the parish of the Assumption in Budavár (1842). Faculty member, University of Vienna, 1842-1846. Secretary of the archbishop of Esztergom, 1846-1848; vicar of the archiepiscopal chancery and honorary court chaplain, 1848; director of the primatial chancery, 1849.

Episcopate. Elected titular bishop of Hebron and appointed coadjutor, with right of succession, of Transylvania, March 15, 1852. Consecrated, August 15, 1852, Poson, by János Scitovszky, archbishop of Esztergom. Succeeded to the see of Transylvania, October 15, 1852. Promoted to the titular see of Carthago, September 22, 1864. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Kalocsa-Bács, May 17, 1867.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879. Received the red hat and the title of Santa Maria degli Angeli in the consistory of September 22, 1879.

Death. July 4, 1891, Kalocsa. Exposed and buried in the metropolitan cathedral of Kalocsa. A monument in his memory was erected in Szent István király út in Kalocsa in 2000.

Webgraphy. Biography by Antal Aldásy, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in Hungarian, Pallas Nagy Lexikona; engravings, portrait, arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(4) 4. PIE, Louis-Édouard-François-Désiré
(1815-1880)

Birth. September 26, 1815, Pontgouin, diocese of Chartres, France. From a humble family. Son of Louis-Joseph Pie, a shoemaker (+1828), and Anne Elisabeth Aimée Gaubert (1796-1877). He was baptized on the first Sunday of October, feast of the Holy Rosary. He was confirmed by Claude-Hippolyte Clausel de Montals, bishop of Chartres.

Education. Studied at the Seminary of Chartres; and at Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, Paris from 1835.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 25, 1839, in the cathedral of Chartres. Vicar in the cathedral parish of Chartres for nearly four years; then, vicar general, 1844-1849. On May 22, 1849, he was nominated bishop of Poitiers by the President of France.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Poitiers, September 23, 1849. Consecrated, November 25, 1849, cathedral of Chartres, by Claude-Hippolyte Clausel de Montals, bishop of Chartres, assisted by Pierre Parisis, bishop of Langres, and by Jean-Nicaise Gros, bishop of Versailles. His episcopal motto was Tuus sum ego. Assistant at the Pontifical Throne, January 22, 1856. Attended the First Vatican Council (1869-1870); he was named member of the commission of the Doctrine and the Faith; he did not sign the petition for the definition of the dogma of papal infallibilty, but when it was approved by the conciliar fathers, he supported it and defended it.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879. Received the red hat and the title of Santa Maria della Vittoria in the consistory of September 22, 1879. It is said that he declined to be transferred to the metropolitan sees of Tours and Lyons.

Death. May 17, 1880, Angoulême. Exposed in the cathedral of Poitiers. The funeral was presided by Cardinal Donnet, archbishop of Bordeaux; 500 priestas and more than 6000 faithful were present in the cathedral. Father Jourdan de la Passardière delivered the panegyric. Buried in the cathedral of Poitiers.

Bibliography. Baunard, Mgr. Histoire du Cardinal Pie, évêque de Poitiers. Poitiers : H. Oudin, 1886; Chapeau, O.S.B. André and Fernand Combaluzier, C.M. Épiscopologe français des temps modernes, 1592-1973. Paris : Letouzey et Ané, 1974, p. 447.

Webgraphy. Biography by Joseph Sollier, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia, his photogravure, biography and works, in French, livres-mystique.com, Roland Soyer; his photogravure, page of Father Paul McDonald; his arms and photographs, Araldica Vaticana.

(5) 5. SILVA, Americo Ferreira dos Santos
(1829-1899)

Birth. January 16, 1829 (or 1830), Porto (or in Massarelos), Portugal. Second son of Joao Ferreira dos Santos Silva (1799-1858), a businessman, banker and baron of Santos (1850) and Carolina Augusta de La Rocque (1812-1893), of French descend. His parents resided for a while in Paris and he studied in Colegio Luso-Brasileiro in Fontenay aux Roses (near París) from 1840 to 1843. He is also listed under Ferreira dos Santos Silva.

Education. Studied at the Theological Faculty of Coimbra, where he obtained a doctorate in theology on May 23, 1852.

Priesthood. Ordained, September 26, 1852. For several years, 1853-1862, professor of dogmatic theology and pastoral theology, Seminary of Santarém; later, vice-rector, October 13, 1855; as secretary of Cardinal Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho, attended the ceremony of definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, Rome, 1854; rector of the National Lyceum and District Commissioner of Studies; canon of the chapter of the patriarchate of Lisbon, 1858; because of ill health, left Santarém for Lisbon, July 2, 1862. Member of the Governing Board of the patriarchate, July 1864; because of the temporary absence of the patriarch, appeals court judge of relations, April 1865; archpriest of Lisbon, August 13, 1869; vicar capitular of Lisbon, 1869-1871. Nominated by the King of Portugal for the diocese of Porto, May 31, 1871, after dispelling suspicions linking him to the masonry.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Porto, June 26, 1871. Consecrated, September 10, 1871, patriarchal cathedral of Lisbon, by Inácio do Nascimento Moraes Cardoso, patriarch of Lisbon, assisted by José Lino de Oliveira, former bishop of Angola e Congo, and by José Luiz Alves Feijo, O.SS.T., bishop of Bragança e Miranda.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879. Received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quattro Coronati in the consistory of February 27, 1880.

Death. January 21, 1899, at 4 a.m., episcopal palace, Porto. Exposed and buried in the cathedral of Porto.

Webgraphy. Portrait and brief biographical data, in Portuguese, diocese of Porto; brief biography, in Portuguese, in Os cardeais portugueses, under D. AMÉRICO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS SILVA, patriarchate of Lisbon; engravings and arms.

(6) 6. ALIMONDA, Gaetano
(1818-1891)

Birth. October 23, 1818, Genoa. Son of Giacomo Alimonda, grain broker, and Giulia de Cammilli. He spent his infancy in Bacezza, near Chiavari. Received the sacrament of confirmation, April 5, 1831.

Education. Studied at the University of Genoa, where he earned a doctorate in theology. Ordained a subdeacon on December 17, 1842; and a deacon on March 11, 1843.

Priesthood. Ordained, June 10, 1843. Professor at the Seminary of Genoa; its vice-superior and economous; and, in 1854, its rector for many years. Canon of the chapter of the metropolitan cathedral in 1866. Domestic prelate of His Holiness. During this period, he collaborated with several Catholic newspapers of clerical and intransigent tendency, opposing liberalism and the Italian unification.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of Albenga, September 21, 1877. Consecrated, November 11, 1877, cathedral of Genoa, by Salvatore Magnasco, archbishop of Genoa, assisted by Giovanni Baptista Cerruti, bishop of Savona e Noli, and by Tommaso Reggio, titular bishop of Tani, coadjutor of Ventimiglia. His episcopal motto was Mundo Corde.

Cardinal. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of May 12, 1879. Received the red hat on May 15; and the title of Santa Maria in Traspontina in the consistory of September 22, 1879. He resigned his see and became a Curia cardinal. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Turin, August 9, 1883; received the pallium on that same day. He was a widely popular orator whose homilies were published in twelve volumes. He was a friend of Don Bosco, future saint. He was also a renowned theologian who published numerous works on the Immaculate Conception, the infallibility of the pope, and the mission of the laity among others. He was famous as a polemicist on topics such as the harmony between faith and science, and against positivism and rationalism. He favored the promotion of the laity and was, at the end of his life, one of the supporters of the conciliation of the Church and the Italian State, publishing in 1887 a work on the subject. He wrote his memoirs in two volumes (Il mio episcopato, Genoa, 1879).

Death. May 30, 1891, of liver disease, in a convent in Albaro, archdiocese of Genoa. Exposed in the metropolitan cathedral of Genoa and later, in that of Turin. Buried in the chapel of the archbishops, cemetery of Turin (1) (2). A bust in his memory was placed on the west wall of the cathedral, between the central and southern doors (3).

Bibliography. Alimonda, Gaetano. Dall'alba al tramonto: racconti. 4th ed. Torino : Tipografia Salesiana, 1895; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 88-89.

Webgraphy. Biography, in Italian, Wikipedia; Piazza Alimonda, in Genoa, Wikipedia; engravings, portrait and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) In his will, he requested to be buried in the church of San Cajetan at Regio Parco, in one of Turin's districts, built during his episcopate, but this desire was never granted.
(2) This is the inscription on his tomb, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

S. E. CARDINALE GAETANO ALIMONDA ARCIVESCOVO DI TORINO N.GENOVA 23 OTTOBRE 1818 M. GENOVA 30 MAGGIO 1891

(3) This is the text of the inscription below the bust, kindly provided by Mr. Mark West, from London, England:

CAIETANO ALIMONDAE HUIUS CANONICORUM COLLEGII ORNAMENTO PATRI PURPURATO ARCHIEPISCOPO TAURINENSIUM ORATORI NULLI E COAEVIS SECUNDO AUSPICE EPHEMERIDE CUI TITULUS CATHOLICUS MILITANS LIGURES POSUERE VITA FUNCTO HEIC IN PATRIA III KAL IUNIAS AN MDCCCXCI AN NAT LXXIII DICARUNTQUE IV ID OCT A MCMII

(7) 7. PECCI, S.J., Giuseppe
(1807-1890)

Birth. December 13, 1807, Carpineto, diocese of Anagni. Fifth child of Count Ludovico Pecci (1769-1838), who was a colonel of the imperial army and mayor of Carpineto during the French occupation (1809) and Anna Prosperi Buzzi (1773-1824), from Cori. Brother of Pope Leo XIII.

Education. Studied at the Jesuit school in Viterbo from 1818; joined the Society of Jesus at the novitiate in Rome in December 1824; Collegio Romano (philosophy); taught rhetoric at the Jesuit schools in Urbino and Forlì; taught philosophy at the Jesuit schools in Reggio Emilia, Faenza and Modena from 1830 to 1833.

Priesthood. Ordained in 1837. Took his final vows on August 15, 1842. Professor of critical history of philosophy at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, in 1847. Left the Society in 1848 due to the revolutionary problems that were caused by the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Papal States (1); he retired to Carpineto. In 1850, he returned to Rome to teach philosophy at Collegio Romano; the following year, because of poor health, he returned to Carpineto; he officially passed to the diocesan clergy and was incardinated in the diocese of Anagni. In 1852, he was invited by his brother, Gioacchino Pecci, archbishop of Perugia, future pope Leo XIII, to teach philosophy at the local seminary; he participated in the initial steps of the restoration of the teaching of Thomistic philosophy, particularly in the foundation of Accademia Perugina di San Tommaso, in March 1859. In 1861, he occupied the chair of philosophy at La Sapienza University, Rome; he lost the chair in 1870 for having refused to take the oath of loyalty to the Italian government; he then returned to Perugia. Member of the Accademia di Religione Cattolica after February 1864. He participated in several commissions of the First Vatican Council. Named domestic prelate of His Holiness and vice-librarian of the Holy Roman Church, September 9, 1878, with the mission of reorganizing the library. Professor of philosophy of law at the Accademia di Conferenze Storico-Giuridica. The Sacred College of Cardinals, following a suggestion from Cardinal Camillo di Pietro, asked Pope Leo XIII to promote his brother, Monsignor Giuseppe, to the cardinalate.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 12, 1879; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Agata alla Suburra, May 15, 1879. He collaborated in the preparation of the encyclical Æterni Patris on the restoration of Christian philosophy in the schools, which was published on August 4, 1879. Prefect of the S.C. of Studies from February 16, 1884 until October 28, 1887. Member of the Commission for Historical Studies and of the Commission of Christian Archeology, October 8, 1884. He rejoined the Society of Jesus in 1887; he renewed his solemn vows in August of that year. He suffered a cardiac crisis in 1888. First president of the Accademia Romana di Tommaso d'Aquino, founded by Pope Leo XIII on October 15, 1889.

Death. February 8, 1890, Rome, of an apoplexy following bronchitis and pneumonia. Exposed in the Basilica of Ss. XII Apostoli, Rome, where the funeral took place on February 12. Buried in the chapel of the Society of Jesus, Campo Verano cemetery, Rome.

Bibliography. "Cardinali defunti." Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1903, Città del Vaticano : Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1903, p. 187; LeBlanc, Jean. Dictionnaire biographique des cardinaux du XIXe siècle : contribution à l'histoire du Sacré Collège sous les pontificats de Pie VII, Léon XII, Pie VIII, Grégoire XVI, Pie IX et Léon XIII, 1800-1903. Montréal : Wilson & Lafleur, 2007. (Collection Gratianus. Série instruments de recherche), p. 723-724; Ritzler, Remigium, and Pirminum Sefrin. Hierarchia Catholica Medii et Recentioris Aevi. Volumen VIII (1846-1903). Patavii : Typis et Sumptibus Domus Editorialis "Il Messaggero di S. Antonio" apud Basilicam S. Antonii, 1979, pp. 28 and 54.

Webgraphy. Engravings and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

(1) Some sources say that he left the Society because of his distaste for the doctrine of Fr. Francisco Suárez, S.J., noted theologian of the 16th century; and others say that he was expelled because of his eccentricity.

(8) 8. NEWMAN, Orat., John Henry
(1801-1890)

Birth. February 21, 1801, London, England. The eldest of the six children of John Newman (ca.1767-1824), a banker, of a family from Cambridgeshire, and Jemina Foundrinier (1772-1836), a descendent of the Huguenots who migrated from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The other siblings were Charles, Francis, Harriet, Jemima and Mary. Baptized in the Church of England, April 9, 1801. He converted to Calvinism at the age of 15, August-December, 1816.

Education. Initial studies at the Ealing School (1808-1816); then, studied at Trinity College, Oxford, 1816-1822; elected a fellow at Oriel College, Oxford, April 12, 1822; ordained to the diaconate, June 13, 1824; curate of St. Clement's, Oxford, 1824-1826; ordained priest of the Church of England, May 29, 1825, Christ Church, Oxford; vice-principal at St. Mary's Hall, 1825; vicar of St. Mary's (also the university church), 1828. resigned his tutorship, 1832 and went on a trip around the Mediterranean (December, 1832-July, 1833); returned to Oxford. With the Assize sermon on "National Apostasy" by John Keble, on July 14, 1833, the Oxford Movement was born. The religious opinions and principles of the Movement toward High Church principles in opposition to liberalizing and evangelical tendencies and emphasizing the principles of primitive and patristic Christianity as well as the historic and catholic character of the church, were given in a series of 90 papers called the Tracts for the Times, published in Oxford from 1833 to 1841. Newman became the leader of the Tractarian Movement, as it was also known. Resigned from St. Mary's in 1843. On October 9, 1845 he converted to Catholicism and was received into the Church in Littlemore by Father Domenico Barberi, an Italian Passionist (1). On November 1, 1845, he received the sacrament of confirmation and added Mary to his given name.

Priesthood. Ordained, May 30, 1847, Rome, by Cardinal Giacomo Filippo Fransoni. Returned to England in 1847 and, encouraged by Pope Pius IX, established the Oratory of St. Philip Neri; set up the London house and began mission work in Birmingham; later moved to Edgbaston. Rector of the Catholic University of Ireland, 1851-1858. Editor of the Rambler, May-July, 1859. Issued his most famous work, Apologia pro Vita sua, in seven parts, April 21-June 2, 1864. He opposed that the First Vatican Council (1869-1870) would issue a document of papal infallibility. He was not opposed to the concept but felt that the doctrine should be given more time to mature before it was codified. Once the doctrine was proclaimed, he strongly defended it. For many years he endured attacks and criticism from within and without the Church. Returned to Oxford as honorary fellow of Trinity College, February, 1878.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 12, 1879; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Giorgio in Velabro, May 15, 1879. His motto as a cardinal was Cor ad cor loquitur, which was inspired by letters of St. Francis de Sales, bishop of Généve, Switzerland, for whom the cardinal had a great admiration and devotion and whose picture the cardinal had presiding his private chapel in the Oratory of Birmingham. The most famous and illustrious English convert, his life and thought are well documented through 21,000 of his personal letters that have survived as well as the 40 books that he published.

Death. Monday August 11, 1890, of pneumonia, in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England. Exposed in the Oratory of St. Philip of Edgbaston; and buried, on the following day, in the small secluded cemetery at the Oratory House, Rednal, near Birmingham; in the same tomb with Father Ambrose St. John (+ 1875), according to his wishes. A plaque commemorates him in the church of S. Giorgio in Velabro, his deaconry (2).

Beatification. The cause for his beatification was opened in 1958. Pope John Paul II signed the document acknowledging he practiced the Christian virtues in a heroic degree and declared him Venerable, January 22, 1991. At the beginning of 2008, in preparation for his beatification, the Vatican requested that his remains be transferred to the chapel of the Oratory of Birmingham and placed in a marble sarcophagus so that the faithful can venerate them more easily (3). On July 3, 2009, the pope authorized the publication of the decree of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints concerning a miracle attributed to his intercession. In a ceremony celebrated on September 19, 2010, in Birmingham, England, Pope Benedict XVI declared him a blessed. On February 12, 2019, Pope Francis authorized the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints to promulgate the decree of his canonization. On Monday July 1, 2019, took place the Ordiary Public Consistory for the Voting on his Cause of Canonization. He was canonized on October 13, 2019 by Pope Francis in a ceremony at the Vatican, together with four other Blesseds.

Bibliography.
-Abbott, Edwin Abbott. The Anglican Career of Cardinal Newman. 2 vols. London ; New York : Macmillan and co., 1892;
-Athanasius, Saint, Patriarch of Alexandria ; Newman, John Henry. Select treatises of St. Athanasius in controversy with the Arians. 2 vols. 8th impression. London : New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1900;
-Benedict XVI and Cardinal Newman. Edited by Peter Jennings. Oxford : Family Publications, 2005;
-Bottone, Angelo. John Henry Newman e l’abito mentale filosofico: retorica e persona negli Scritti Dublinesi. Prefazione di Mons. Bruno Forte. Roma : Edizioni Studium, 2010. (Dialettica, 38);
-Brighi, Davide. Assenso reale e scienze profane. Il contributo di John Henry Newman ad una rinnovata ragione teologica. Roma : Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2007. (Tesi gregoriana. Serie Teologia ; 143). Note: Originally presented as the author's thesis--Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 2006. Other title: Contributo di John Henry Newman ad una rinnovata ragione teologica;
-Chadwick, Owen. From Bossuet To Newman. The Idea Of Doctrinal Develoment. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1957.(The Birkbeck lectures ; 1955-56);
-Chetwood, Thomas B. Handbook of Newman. New York : Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss, 1927;
-Chisnall, Peter. John Henry Cardinal Newman : a man of courage, conflict and conviction. London, UK : St Pauls, 2001;
-Connolly, J.R. John Henry Newman. A view of Catholic faith for the new Millenium. Lanham, 2005;
-Cornwell, John. Newman’s unquiet grave: the reluctant saint. New York : Continuum, 2010;
-Dulles, Avery. Newman. London ; New York : Continuum, 2002. (Outstanding Christian thinkers);
-Flood, Joseph Mary. Cardinal Newman and Oxford. London : I. Nicholson and Watson, 1933;
-Geissler, Hermann. Buoni maestri. John Henry Newman e la speranza nella vita cristiana. L'Osservatore Romano, Anno CLV n. 207 (47.045), Città del Vaticano, sabato 12 settembre 2015;
-Gilley, Sheridan. Newman and his age. Westminster, Md. : Christian Classics, 1991; -Gulisano, Paolo. John Henry Newman: profilo di un cercatore di verità. Milano : Ancora, 2010. (Profili);
-Griffin, John R. A historical commentary on the major Catholic works of Cardinal Newman. New York : P. Lang, ©1993. (American University Studies, Series IX, History, v. 125);
-Harrold, Charles Frederick. John Henry Newman : an expository and critical study of his mind, thought and art. London ; New York : Longmans, Green & Co., 1945;
-In Search of Light : life development prayer. Three essays on John Henry Newman. Rome : International Center of Newman Friends, 1985;
-Jaki, Stanley L. Newman to converts : an existential ecclesiology. Pinckney, Mich. : Real View Books, 2001;
-John Henry Newman : commemorative essays on the occasion of the centenary of his cardinalate, 1879-May-1979. Edited by Maria Katharina Strolz and the collaborators of the Centre of Newman-Friends. Rome : M.K. Strolz, 1979;
-Ker, Ian Turnbull. John Henry Newman: A Biography. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1988, 2009;
-Ker, Ian Turnbull ; Merrigan, Terrence. Newman and faith. Oxford International Newman Conference (3rd : 2001 : Keble College, University of Oxford). Louvain ; Dudley, MA : Peeters Press ; [Grand Rapids, Mich.] : W.B. Eerdmans, 2004. (Louvain theological & pastoral monographs ; 31);
-Lease, Gary. Witness to the faith : Cardinal Newman on the teaching authority of the Church. Pittsburgh : Duquesne University Press, 1971;
-Masson, Pierre. L'Esprit-Saint dans l'œuvre du Cardinal Newman : la transformation intérieure du chrétien dans l'Eglise. Roma : Pontificia Università Lateranense, 1978. (Theses ad lauream in s. theologia);
-Martin, Brian. John Henry Newman. His life and work. London: Chatto & Windus, 1982;
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-Meynell, Wilfrid. Cardinal Newman : a monograph. London, Burns & Oates ; New York, Catholic Publication Society Co., 1890;
-Meynell, Wilfrid. Catholic life and letters of Cardinal Newman : with notes on the Oxford movement and its men. London : Burns and Oates ; New York : Catholic Publication Society, 1885;
-Meynell, Wilfrid. John Henry Newman, the founder of modern Anglicanism and a cardinal of the Roman church. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1890;
-Moody, John. John Henry Newman. New York : Sheed & Ward, 1945; Robbins, William. The Newman brothers. An essay in comparative intellectual biography. Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1966;
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-Newman, John Henry. Addresses to Cardinal Newman with His Replies, etc., 1879-81. Edited by the Rev. William Paine Neville. London, Longmans, Green, 1905;
-Newman, John Henry. Apologia pro vita sua: being a reply to a pamphlet entitled "What, then, does Dr. Newman mean?" ...London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1864;
-Newman, John Henry. Callista ; a sketch of the third century. Westminster, MD. : Newman Press, 1962;
-Newman, John Henry. Certain difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic teaching considered. Westminster, Md., Christian Classics, 1969;
-Newman, John Henry. Historical Sketches. Vol. I. Contents: Historical Sketches, Vol. 1 : The Turks in Their Relation to Europe. Marcus Tullius Cicero. Apollonius of Tyana. Primitive Christianity. Historical Sketches. Vol II. Contents: The Church of the Fathers. St. Chrysostom. Theodoret. Mission of St. Benedict. Benedictine Schools. Historical Sketches. Vol. III. Contents: Rise and Progress of Universities. Northmen and Normans in England and Ireland. Medieval Oxford. Convocation of Canterbury. Dublin, Oct. 28, 1856; -Newman, John Henry. John Henry Newman. Edited by Wilfrid Meynell. London ; Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, (Library of the soul). Note: "Abstracted in his own words from the 'Apologia pro vita sua.'";
-Newman, John Henry. John Henry Newman : Spiritual Writings. Edited by John T. Ford. Maryknoll, N.Y. : Orbis Books, ©2012. (Modern spiritual masters series);
-Newman, John Henry. Loss and gain : the story of a convert. 12th ed. London ; New York : Longmans, Green, 1896;
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-Newman, John Henry. Newman the oratorian : his unpublished Oratory papers. Uniform title ; Oratory papers. Leominster, Herefordshire : Gracewing, 2004. Note: "First published in 1968 by Fowler Wright Books Ltd.". Responsibility: edited with an introductory study on the continuity between his Anglican and his Catholic ministry by Placid Murray;
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Webgraphy. Biography by Wlliam Barry, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Encyclopaedia Britannica; biography, in English, New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. VIII, 152-153; ten portraits and drawings, National Portrait Gallery, London; biography and his works in The Newman Reader, The National Institute for Newman Studies; portrait and biography, in Italian, Sito ufficiale della Procura Generale della Confederazione dell'Oratorio di San Filippo Neri; bibliography and his portrait by George Richmond, 1844 (the site, by Dave Armstrong, contains abundant pictoiral and textual information); Oratory of Edgbaston, where he lived from 1852 until his death, with closer view of its plaque; his arms, Araldica Vaticana; The National Institute for Newman Studies, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; his portraitby E. Jennings, Magdalen College, University of Oxford, The Public Catalogue Foundation, BBC; his portrait by William Thomas Roden (1879), Birmingham Museums Trust, The Public Catalogue Foundation, BBC; his portrait by Walter William Ouless, Oriel College, University of Oxford, The Public Catalogue Foundation, BBC; Online Books by John Henry Newman, The Online Books Page; Works of John Henry Newman, The National Institue for Newman Studies; Index to the works of John Henry Cardinal Newman by Joseph Rickaby, London : Longmans, Green, 1914; The Venerable John Henry Newman, by Freddy Gray, The Catholic World Report, May 11, 2011; Newman and Vatican II by George Weigel, Echoes, A forum of Catholic Thought, April 15, 2015; Quand John Henry Newman donna au Premier ministre britannique une leçon sur la conscience by Tod Worner, Aleteia, 11 mai 2016; Una voce che parla come Dio. Coscienza e verità in John Henry Newman by Hermann Geissler, L'Osservatore Romano, 20 gennaio 2017; Guardiano e amico oltre che creatore. Newman e la provvidenza del Padre, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 maggio 2017; Le delusioni di Newman. Dopo la conversione by Hermann Geissler, L'Osservatore Romano, 19 agosto 2017;Coscienza e conversione. Nella memoria del beato John Henry Newman by Hermann Geissler, L'Osservatore Romano, 07 ottobre 2017; Walking in Newman’s Footsteps by Joanna Bogle, National Catholic Register, Oct. 7, 2017; Maestri perché testimoni. John Henry Newman ed Edith Stein by Michele Marchetto, L'Osservatore Romano, 02 dicembre 2017; Newman e il significato del tempo by Hermann Geissler, L'Osservatore Romano, 21 febbraio 2018; July 13, 1852 — Newman’s “Second Spring” by Stephanie Mann, National Catholic Register, Jul. 13, 2018; L’umiltà di Dio. Secondo John Henry Newman by Hermann Geissler, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 ottobre 2018; Blessed John Henry Newman and Contemporary Concerns by John M. Grondelski, National Catholic Register, Oct. 27, 2018; Vatican approves second miracle for Blessed John Henry Newman by Christine Rousselle, Catholic News Agency, Washington D.C., Nov 28, 2018 / 12:47 pm; El cardenal Newman será proclamado santo, Ecclesia Digital, 13 de febrero de 2019; Pope Francis approves canonization of John Henry Newman by Hanna Brockhaus, The Boston Pilot, CNA/EWTN, Vatican City, Feb 13, 2019; La Iglesia proclamará santo al Cardenal John Henry Newman, ACI Prensa, 13 de febrero de 2019 9:13 am; Une nouvelle étape pour la canonisation du cardinal Newman, Aleteia, 14 février 2019; John Henry Newman, la fede ragionevole per laici impegnatiby Angela Ambrogetti, ACI Stapma, Città del Vaticano, 15 febbraio, 2019 / 11:00 AM; Experts say Blessed Newman's vision for education was binding faith, reason by Jacob Comello, The Boston Pilot. CNS, Washington, 2/21/2019; John Henry Newman, le prochain docteur de l’Église ? by Hervé Grandchamp, Aleteia, 26 février 2019; Letture: da Newman a Tagore passando per la poesia spirituale by Caterina Maniaci, ACI Stampa, Roma, 01 marzo, 2019 / 6:00 PM; Newman, un intercesseur pour la nouvelle évangélisation by Père Jean Rencki, Aleteia, 09 mars 2019; Newman, l’intelligence de la foi by Père Arnaud Mansuy, CO, Aleteia, 02 mai 2019; Cardinal Newman: Father of the Catholic Revival by Joseph Perace, National Catholic Register, May. 6, 2019; Víctor García Ruiz publica un libro sobre Newman, en el año de su canonización, Ecclesia Digital, Pamplona, 17 de mayo de 2019; L’anima e l’angelo. «The Dream of Gerontius» di Edward Elgar by Flippo Simonelli, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 giugno 2019; Pope Francis to Announce Blessed Newman’s Canonization Date by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Jun. 27, 2019; El Cardenal Newman será canonizado el próximo 13 de octubre, ACI Prensa, 1 de julio de 2019 5:55 am; Il 13 ottobre saranno canonizzati John Henry Newman e quattro donne, L'Osservatore Romano, 01 luglio 2019; Pope to canonize Blessed John Henry Newman in Rome Oct. 13 by Juno Arocho Esteves, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Vatican City, 7/1/2019; With Canonization Set, Blessed John Henry Newman Encourages Catholics to Persevere by Courtney Grogan, National Catholic Register, CNA, Vatican City, Jul. 1, 2019; Blessed John Henry Newman to be Canonized on October 13 by Edward Pentin, National Catholic Register, Jul. 1, 2019; El cardenal Newman será canonizado el próximo 13 de octubre by Larissa E. López, Zenit, julio 01, 2019 14:12; E il bambino chiese: “Chi è più grande?”. Verso la canonizzazione di John Henry Newman by Maurizio Fontana, L'Osservatore Romano, 02 luglio 2019; ¿Cómo EWTN fue parte del milagro de canonización del Cardenal Newman?, ACI Prensa, 2 de julio de 2019 10:35 am; Catholics, Anglicans welcome news of Card. Newman’s canonization date by Robin Gomes, vaticannews.va, 02 July 2019, 15:58; by Charles Collins, Crux, Leicester, United Kindom, Jul 5, 2019; Frankenstein, Newman and the Year Without Sun by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Jul. 17, 2019; Calling on Cardinal Newman: Mother’s Miracle Paves Way for Canonization by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Aug. 2, 2019; How John Henry Newman’s Writing Fought the Nazis by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Aug. 29, 2019; Prinz Charles kommt zu Heiligsprechung in den Vatikan, vaticannews.va, 14 September 2019, 10:31; Príncipe Carlos asistirá a canonización del Cardenal Newman en Roma, ACI Prensa, 16 de septiembre de 2019 6:45 pm; Letters to Blessed John Henry Newman show his role as pastor, evangelist by Jonathan Luxmoore, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Oxford, England, 9/17/2019; Pourquoi la présence du prince Charles, à Rome le 13 octobre prochain, est remarquable by Marzena Devoud, Aleteia, 19 septembre 2019; ‘Novena With Newman’ to Precede Canonization, National Catholic Register, Catholic News Agency, Birmingham, England, Sep. 20, 2019; Prayers, Verses, Devotions by: John Henry Newman. San Francico, California, Ignatius Press, 2019; La fede riposa nella coscienza. Una riflessione sulla lettera al duca di Norfolk by Rocco Pezzimenti, L'Osservatore Romano, 28 settembre 2019; Immaginifica santità. John Henry Newman by Nicolas Steeves, L'Osservatore Romano, 28 settembre 2019; From the shadows into the light by Father Roger Landry, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, October 2, 2019; La conversione dura tutta la vita by Roderick Strange, L'Osservatore Romano, 05 ottobre 2019; Newman and the Mother of God: How the Soon-to-Be Saint Grew in His Love of Mary by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Oct. 7, 2019; Update: Canonization is chance for campus groups to 'reclaim' name by Carol Zimmermann, Catholic News Service, Washington, 10.7.2019 12:35 PM ET; 10 Reasons Why Blessed John Henry Newman is a Saint for Our Time by Fr. Roger Landry, National Catholic Register, Oct. 9, 2019; Cardinal John Henry Newman Offered His Life Entirely and Intensely to God by Regis Martin, National Catholic Register, Oct. 9, 2019; St. John Henry Newman by Bishop Robert Barron, The Boston Pilot, Wednesday, October 9, 2019; John Henry Newman the Poet by Margaret O'Brien, National Catholic Register, Oct. 10, 2019; John Henry Newman - a gift to the universal Church by Christopher Wells, 11 October 2019, 17:51; With Newman, the church gains its 'saint for modern times' by Jonathan Luxmoore, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 11, 2019; Cardinal Newman a saint for the modern age, expert says by Christopher White, Crux, New York, Oct 11, 2019; On Cardinal Newman becoming a saint by Dwight G. Duncan, The Boston Pilot, Friday, October 11, 2019; El cardenal Newman, un santo para nuestro tiempo by Ángela Mengis, octubre 11, 2019 19:03; 9 Ways John Henry Newman Is a Model for Today’s Students by Father Raymond J. de Souza, National Catholic Register, Oct. 11, 2019; Newman, un saint pour la France ? by Bertrand Lesoing , Aleteia, 11 octobre 2019; Newman -- Prophet of the Great Apostasy by Michael Pakaluk, The Boston Pilot, Friday, October 11, 2019; British Ambassador: Canonization of John Henry Newman a great moment for Catholics by Francesca Merlo, vaticannews.va, 12 October 2019, 01:04; John Henry Newman: l’armonia della differenza by Sua Altezza Reale il Principe di Galles, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 ottubre 2019; Un innamorato del cristianesimo primitivo. John Henry Newman by Uwe Michael Lang, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 ottobre 2019; Quando Newman divenne romano by Alessandro Gisotti, L'Oosservatore Romano, 12 ottobre 2019; Qui sulla terra vivere è cambiare. Il pensiero del porporato inglese nella formazione del futuro Benedetto XVI, L'Osservatore Romano, 12 ottobre 2019; St. John Henry Newman. A Man of His Time, a Saint for Ours by Austen Ivereigh, Commonweal, October 12, 2019; Newman the Novelist: His Prolific Pen Highlights His Holy Life by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Oct. 12, 2019; John Henry Newman the Letter Writer: Revelations of a Charitable Soul by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Oct. 12, 2019; 'Lead, kindly light' - Pope Francis names Newman a saint by Courtney Mares, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Oct 13, 2019 / 03:20 am; Newman expert says enlisting him in battles over pope ‘not fair’ by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rome, Oct 13, 2019; St. John Henry Newman Is in Good Company by Father Juan R. Vélez, National Catholic Register, Oct. 13, 2019; Pope: ‘We Give Thanks for Our New Saints,’ John Henry Newman and 4 Holy Women by Courtney Mares, National Catholic Register, CNA, Vatican City, Oct. 13, 2019; The Life of St. John Henry Newman. A timeline of the events that shaped the new saint by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Oct. 13, 2019; Controversial sacerdote jesuita sugiere que el Cardenal Newman era homosexual, ACI Prensa, 13 de octubre de 2019 2:01 pm; 'Newman converts' come home to Rome for canonization by Courtney Mares, The Boston Pilot, CNA, Vatican City, Oct 13, 2019; Obispo pide rezar para que Cardenal Newman sea doctor de la Iglesia by Walter Sánchez Silva, ACI Prensa, 14 de octubre de 2019 6:40 am; Pope says Newman an example of everyday sainthood at canonization Mass by Inés San Martín, Crux, Rome, Oct 13, 2019; We are all toiling in the shadow of St. John Henry Newman by Michael Sean Winters, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 14, 2019; Le cardinal Newman, le saint le plus « branché » de notre époque ? by Marzena Devoud, Aleteia, 14 octobre 2019; L’hommage appuyé du prince Charles à un saint britannique by Marzena Devoud, Aleteia, 14 octobre 2019; Bishop Byrne: Newman would be surprised to be canonized a saint by JD Flynn, Catholic News Agency, Vatican City, Oct 14, 2019 / 02:00 pm; Newman's conscience insights timely today, says Sydney archbishop by Simon Caldwell, The Boston Pilot, CNS, Rome, 10/14/2019; George Weigel Discusses St. John Newman’s Rich Legacy by Solène Tadié, National Catholic Register, Rome, Oct. 14, 2019; Bl Dominic Barberi and Newman by Jo Siedlecka, Independent Catholic News, Oct 15th, 2019; English-speaking Catholics welcome Newman as saint in 'troubled times by Jonathan Luxmoore, National Catholic Reporter, Vatican City, Oct 15, 2019; Pope Francis, Newman and the canonization of conscience by David E. DeCosse, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 15, 2019; Los papas han alabado a Newman como un “hombre santo” y un “don singular para la Iglesia” by Deborah Castellano Lubov, octubre 15, 2019 19:22; John Henry Newman: A New Saint and a New Joy for England and Beyond by K.V. Turley, National Catholic Register, Oct. 15, 2019; L’universitas e la vera cultura by Franco Anelli, Rettore dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L'Osservatore Romano, 17 ottobre 2019; Mi basta lucidare le scarpe ai santi. Guida spirituale in tempi difficiliby Hermann Geissler and Birgit Dechant, L'Osservatore Romano, 17 ottobre 2019; L’eterna giovinezza della sua voce, Paolo VI, L'Osservatore Romano, 17 ottobre 2019; Dalle ombre alla verità. Precursore del concilio by Maurizio Schoepflin, L'Osservatore Romano, 17 ottobre 2019; John Henry Newman in full by Bishop Robert Barron, The Boston Pilot, Sunday, October 20, 2019; San Newman e le statuette gettate nel Tevere by Andrea Tornielli, L'Osservatore Romano, 22 ottubre 2019; Father James Martin’s Exercise in Fallacy by John Clark, National Catholic Register, Oct. 28, 2019; St. John Henry Newman would approve of synod's final documen by Daniel P. Horan, National Catholic Reporter, Oct 30, 2019; Newman’s Angels and All Souls Day by Stephanie Mann, National Catholic Register, Nov. 2, 2019; St. John Henry Newman on Heaven, Happiness and Holiness by Stephanie Mann, National Catholic Register, Nov. 3, 2019; St. John Henry Newman’s meditations on the Litany of Loreto, Catholic News Agency, Loreto, Italy, Dec 10, 2019 / 12:28 am; Saint John Henry Newman: Faith, Holiness and Imagination by Nicolas Steeves, SJ, La Civiltà Cattolica, Issue 1912 / 10 December 2019; Newman relic stolen, Catholic Herald, 8 February, 2020; L’unique relique du cardinal Newman volée by Marzena Devoud, Aleteia, 10 février 2020; Catholic University students in Arizona create community in the footsteps of Cardinal Newman by Antonella Palermo, vaticannews.va, 11 March 2020, 10:00, with videos; In ascolto della coscienza. A scuola di pensiero da John Henry by Newman by Robert Cheaib, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 giugno 2020; St. John Henry Newman’s Apologia revisited by Edward Short, The Catholic World Report, June 21, 2020; La madre della preghiera. Rileggendo John Henry Newman by Silvia Gusmano, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 luglio 2020; Un Agostino nato a Londra. Rileggendo John Henry Newman by Maurizio Schoepflin, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 luglio 2020; Newman might have some advice for Francis on China by John L. Allen Jr., Crux, Rome, Aug 2, 2020; Luci vivide di un’unica Verità by Roberto Cutaia, L'Osservatore Romano, 10 agosto 2020; Lecturas de verano: Fe y razón, el encuentro de san John Henry Newman by Pablo Ortiz Soto, Zenit, septiembre 04, 2020 15:07; In my conversion from Anglicanism, Newman was a constant guide by Dr Pravin Thevathasan, Catholic Herald, September 11, 2020 at 3:23 pm; Le cardinal Newman, le saint le plus « branché » de notre époque ? by Marzena Devoud, Aleteia, 13 octobre 2020; St John Henry Newman and the First Vatican Council, Independent Catholic News, Nov 11th, 2020; St. John Henry Newman’s plea is fulfilled at his one-time home by Joanna Bogle, The Catholic World Report, December 8, 2020; Newman’s classic work on relationship between the Church and the World by Edward Short, The Catholic World Report, February 20, 2021*; New Saint John Henry Newman Research Centre by Rev Dr Harry Schnitker, Independent Catholic News, Mar 4th, 2021; Newman: Meditation & Prayer livestreamed from Farm Street Church, Independent Catholic News, May 10th, 2021; Newman Meditation and Prayer livestreamed from Farm Street, Independent Catholic News, Jun 8th, 2021; 10 June: Concert dedicated to the memory of Saint John Henry Newman, Vatican News, 09 June 2021, 09:42; Interview: Growing Consensus: Newman to Be Doctor of the Church by Deborah Castellano Lubov, Exaudi, June 22, 2021 9:30; John Henry Newman’s long war on liberalism by Dr. Samuel Gregg, The Catholic World Report, November 12, 2021; John Henry Newman’s principled rebuke of secularism and our technocratic age by David G. Bonagura, Jr., The Catholic World Report, January 4, 2022; The Life and Legacy of John Henry Newman by Joseph Pearce, National Catholic Register, February 19, 2022; John Henry Newman al rescate by Jorge Soley, El Debate, 04/08/2022 actualizada 04:24; St John Henry Newman, St Denys, Celebrated on October 9th, Independent Catholic News; Hoy recordamos a San John Henry Newman, converso del anglicanismo, ACI Prensa, 9 de octubre de 2022 - 12:01 AM; John Henry Newman’s long war on liberalism by Dr. Samuel Gregg, The Catholic World Report, October 9, 2022; John Henry Newman Is a Saint for the Homemaker by Kelly Marcum, National Catholic Register, October 9, 2022; Newman, “the infidelity of the future,” and the challenges of today by Peter M.J. Stravinskas, The Catholic World Report, january 16, 2023; La Settimana a Roma, L'Osservatore Romano, 23 april3 2023.

(1) Father Domenico Barberi, C.P. (1792-1849) was beatified by Pope Paul VI on October 27, 1963.
(2) This is the text of the inscription on the plaque, kindly provided by Mr. Eman Bonnici, from Malta:

IOANNES HENRICVS S.R.E. CARDINALIS NEWMAN THEOLOGVS-OECVMENISMI FAVTOR-SODALIS ORATORII S.PHILIPPI NERII SED ANTE OMNIA CHRISTIANVS HVIC DIACONALI ECCLESIAE VT ATTRIBVTAE SIBI SEDI HONORIS PRAEFVIT AN.MDCCCLXXIX - AN. MDCCCLXXXX CONSOCIATIO AMICORVM CARDINALIS NEWMAN SAECVLO EXACTO ET QVO IS IN PVRPVRATOS PATRES EST COOPTATVS HVNC TITVLVM POSVIT

(3) A statement from the archdiocese of Birmingham, England, said: The tomb was excavated with the utmost care on Thursday October 2, 2008. During the excavation the brass inscription plate which had been on the wooden coffin in which Cardinal Newman had rested was recovered from his grave. It reads: 'Eminent [issimus] et Reverend [issimus] Joannes Henricus Newman Cardinalis Diaconus S Georgii in Velabro Obiit Die XI August. MDCCCXC RIP'. This is its translation into English: 'The Most Eminent and Most Reverend John Henry Newman Cardinal Deacon of St George in Velabro Died 11 August 1890 RIP'. "Brass, wooden and cloth artefacts from Cardinal Newman's coffin were found. However there were no remains of the body of John Henry Newman. An expectation that Cardinal Newman had been buried in a lead lined coffin proved to be unfounded. "In the view of the medical and health professionals in attendance, burial in a wooden coffin in a very damp site makes this kind of total decomposition of the body unsurprising. "The absence of physical remains in the grave does not affect the progress of Cardinal Newman's Cause in Rome. "The Birmingham Oratory has always been in possession of some actual physical remains of Cardinal Newman. These consist of some locks of hair. "These together with items found in his grave, will be housed in a casket for a Vigil of Reception on Friday 31 October and Saturday 1 November, to be followed by High Mass on the Feast of All Souls, Sunday 2 November, at 11.00 am, when the casket will be placed in the Oratory Church, Edgbaston." Although not mentioned in any of his writings, a local contemporary newspaper reporting his death indicated that the cardinal had requested that an acid subtance that would accelerate the decomposition of his body be spread over his coffin.

,

(9) 9. HERGENRÖTHER, Joseph
(1824-1890)

Birth. September 15, 1824, Würzburg, Germany. Second of the eight children of Johann Jacob Hergenröther (1793-1855), a physician and professor of medicine at the University of Würzburg, and Eva Maria Horsch (1801-1870). He was baptized with the names Joseph Adam Gustav. The other siblings were Georg Johann Baptist, Kaspar (lawyer), Ludwig (linen mill owner), Theresia, Elizabeth, Phillipp (1835-1890) (a priest and professor of theology) and Franz (1847-1930), (a priest).

Birth. September 15, 1824, Würzburg, Germany. Second of the eight children of Johann Jacob Hergenröther, a physician and professor of medicine at the University of Würzburg, and Eva Maria Horsch. He was baptized with the names Joseph Adam Gustav. The other siblings were Georg Johann Baptist, Kaspar (lawyer), Ludwig (linen mill owner), Theresia, Elizabeth, Phillipp (professor of theology) and Franz.

Education. Initial and gymnasium studies in Würzburg; University of Würzburg, Würzburg (two years in philosophy; and certain branches of theology); sent by Bishop Georg Anton von Stahl of Würzburg to study at Collegium Germanicum, Rome, in 1844; political disturbs in Rome in 1848, prevented him from completing his doctoral studies; University of Münich, Münich (doctorate in theology, 1859; thesis: Die Lehre von der göttlichen Dreieinigkeit nach d. heil. Gregor von Nazianz).

Priesthood. Ordained, March 28, 1848, Rome. Further studies, Würzburg, 1848-1849. Chaplain in Zellingen. Instructor of theology, University of Münich, 1851-1852. Faculty member, University of Würzburg, 1852-1879; dean of the Faculty of Theology. Attended the First Vatican Council as a consultor, 1868-1870. Ardent supporter of the council's teachings, especially papal infallibility against the opposition of the famous historian and theologian Dr. Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger (who was eventually excommunicated). He was a prolific author of works in theology, ecclesiastical history and canon law. Domestic prelate of His Holiness, May 18, 1877. Prefect of the Pontifical Household.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 12, 1879; received the red hat and the deaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere Tuliano, May 15, 1879. First prefect of the Vatican Archives, June 9, 1879. Protector of the Teutonic Institute of S. Maria dell'Anima, June 9, 1887. Opted for deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata, June 1, 1888.

Death. October 3, 1890, Cistercian Abbey of Mehrerau, Bregenz. Exposed and buried in the church of that abbey. When the Abbey Church of Mehrerau was remodeled between 1961 and 1963, the remains of Cardinal Hergenröther were removed from the church along with those of other prelates and abbots and re-buried in the newly designed lower church, where the foundations of the church built in 1097 had been exposed during the restorations, and placed in concrete sarcophagi. His monument was destroyed and today, only a marble statue featuring him in a lying position survives, near his present tomb.

Webgraphy. Biography by Johann Peter Kirsch, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in English, Ecyclopaedia Britannica; biography, in English, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. V, p. 237; images and biography, in English, Wikipedia; Kardinal Hergenröther, by Ludwig Steiner, Würzburg : L. Woerl, 1883; engravings, arms and photograph, Araldica Vaticana.

(10) 10. ZIGLIARA, O.P., Tommaso
(1833-1893)

Birth. October 29, 1833, Bonifacio, diocese of Ajaccio, Corsica, France. Eldest son of François Zigliara (1801-1873), a sailor, and Maria Madeleine Costa (1814-?). He was baptized with the name François Toussaint.

Education. Classical studies, Bonifacio; joined the Order of Preachers, 1851; religious profession, 1852; Dominican house of studies, Rome (philosophy); Dominican house of studies, Perugia (theology).

Priesthood. Ordained, May 17, 1856, Perugia, by Gioacchino Pecci, archbishop-bishop of Perugia, future Pope Leo XIII. Professor of philosophy in Rome and in Corbara, Corsica. Concurrently, faculty member, Seminary of Viterbo, and master of novices, Dominican convent of Gradi. Master of novices, Rome, and later, 1870-1879, faculty member of Dominican Collegio S. Tommaso della Minerva; rector, 1873-1879. Consultor of the SS. CC. of the Index and of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs.

Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of May 12, 1879; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, May 15, 1879. In 1879 contributed to the writing of the encyclical Aeterni patris, restoring Thomism as the basis of Christian philosophy. Director of the Leonine Commission for the the edition of the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, 1880. Protector of the Bibliographic Society, Rome, July 4, 1885. Prefect of the S.C. of Indulgences and Relics, December 16, 1886. Prefect of the S.C. of Studies from October 28, 1887 until his death. In 1890 contributed to the writing of the encyclical Rerum novarum. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Prassede, June 1, 1891. Protector of the Theological Academy, Rome, April 12, 1892. He enjoyed world wide fame as a leading scholar in Thomistic philosophy and theology.

Episcopate. Elected bishop of the suburbicarian see of Frascati, January 16, 1893; died before receiving the episcopal consecration.

Death. May 10, 1893, Rome. Exposed in the Church of S. Maria sopra Minerva and buried in the chapel of the Dominican Friars, Campo Verano Cemetery, Rome.

Webgraphy. Biography by Charles Callan, in English, The Catholic Encyclopedia; biography, in Italian, diocese of Frascati; engravings, photograph and arms, Araldica Vaticana.

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