Command-line Arguments - The rustc book (original) (raw)

The rustc book

Command-line Arguments

Here's a list of command-line arguments to rustc and what they do.

-h/--help: get help

This flag will print out help information for rustc.

--cfg: configure the compilation environment

This flag can turn on or off various #[cfg] settings for conditional compilation.

The value can either be a single identifier or two identifiers separated by =.

For examples, --cfg 'verbose' or --cfg 'feature="serde"'. These correspond to #[cfg(verbose)] and #[cfg(feature = "serde")] respectively.

--check-cfg: configure compile-time checking of conditional compilation

This flag enables checking conditional configurations of the crate at compile-time, specifically it helps configure the set of expected cfg names and values, in order to check that every reachable #[cfg] matches the expected config names and values.

This is different from the --cfg flag above which activates some config but do not expect them. This is useful to prevent stalled conditions, typos, ...

Refer to the Checking conditional configurations of this book for further details and explanation.

For examples, --check-cfg 'cfg(verbose)' or --check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values("serde"))'. These correspond to #[cfg(verbose)] and #[cfg(feature = "serde")] respectively.

-L: add a directory to the library search path

The -L flag adds a path to search for external crates and libraries.

The kind of search path can optionally be specified with the form -L KIND=PATH where KIND may be one of:

• dependency — Only search for transitive dependencies in this directory.
• crate — Only search for this crate's direct dependencies in this directory.
• native — Only search for native libraries in this directory.
• framework — Only search for macOS frameworks in this directory.
• all — Search for all library kinds in this directory, except frameworks. This is the default if KIND is not specified.

-l: link the generated crate to a native library

Syntax: -l [KIND[:MODIFIERS]=]NAME[:RENAME].

This flag allows you to specify linking to a specific native library when building a crate.

The kind of library can optionally be specified with the form -l KIND=libwhere KIND may be one of:

• dylib — A native dynamic library.
• static — A native static library (such as a .a archive).
• framework — A macOS framework.

If the kind is specified, then linking modifiers can be attached to it. Modifiers are specified as a comma-delimited string with each modifier prefixed with either a + or - to indicate that the modifier is enabled or disabled, respectively. Specifying multiple modifiers arguments in a single link attribute, or multiple identical modifiers in the same modifiers argument is not currently supported.
Example: -l static:+whole-archive=mylib.

The kind of library and the modifiers can also be specified in a #[link]attribute. If the kind is not specified in the linkattribute or on the command-line, it will link a dynamic library by default, except when building a static executable. If the kind is specified on the command-line, it will override the kind specified in a link attribute.

The name used in a link attribute may be overridden using the form -l ATTR_NAME:LINK_NAME where ATTR_NAME is the name in the link attribute, and LINK_NAME is the name of the actual library that will be linked.

Linking modifiers: whole-archive

This modifier is only compatible with the static linking kind. Using any other kind will result in a compiler error.

+whole-archive means that the static library is linked as a whole archive without throwing any object files away.

This modifier translates to --whole-archive for ld-like linkers, to /WHOLEARCHIVE for link.exe, and to -force_load for ld64. The modifier does nothing for linkers that don't support it.

The default for this modifier is -whole-archive.

Linking modifiers: bundle

This modifier is only compatible with the static linking kind. Using any other kind will result in a compiler error.

When building a rlib or staticlib +bundle means that the native static library will be packed into the rlib or staticlib archive, and then retrieved from there during linking of the final binary.

When building a rlib -bundle means that the native static library is registered as a dependency of that rlib "by name", and object files from it are included only during linking of the final binary, the file search by that name is also performed during final linking.
When building a staticlib -bundle means that the native static library is simply not included into the archive and some higher level build system will need to add it later during linking of the final binary.

This modifier has no effect when building other targets like executables or dynamic libraries.

The default for this modifier is +bundle.

Linking modifiers: verbatim

This modifier is compatible with all linking kinds.

+verbatim means that rustc itself won't add any target-specified library prefixes or suffixes (like lib or .a) to the library name, and will try its best to ask for the same thing from the linker.

For ld-like linkers supporting GNU extensions rustc will use the -l:filename syntax (note the colon) when passing the library, so the linker won't add any prefixes or suffixes to it. See -l namespec in ld documentation for more details.
For linkers not supporting any verbatim modifiers (e.g. link.exe or ld64) the library name will be passed as is. So the most reliable cross-platform use scenarios for this option are when no linker is involved, for example bundling native libraries into rlibs.

-verbatim means that rustc will either add a target-specific prefix and suffix to the library name before passing it to linker, or won't prevent linker from implicitly adding it.
In case of raw-dylib kind in particular .dll will be added to the library name on Windows.

The default for this modifier is -verbatim.

NOTE: Even with +verbatim and -l:filename syntax ld-like linkers do not typically support passing absolute paths to libraries. Usually such paths need to be passed as input files without using any options like -l, e.g. ld /my/absolute/path.
-Clink-arg=/my/absolute/path can be used for doing this from stable rustc.

--crate-type: a list of types of crates for the compiler to emit

This instructs rustc on which crate type to build. This flag accepts a comma-separated list of values, and may be specified multiple times. The valid crate types are:

• lib — Generates a library kind preferred by the compiler, currently defaults to rlib.
• rlib — A Rust static library.
• staticlib — A native static library.
• dylib — A Rust dynamic library.
• cdylib — A native dynamic library.
• bin — A runnable executable program.
• proc-macro — Generates a format suitable for a procedural macro library that may be loaded by the compiler.

The crate type may be specified with the crate_type attribute. The --crate-type command-line value will override the crate_typeattribute.

More details may be found in the linkage chapter of the reference.

--crate-name: specify the name of the crate being built

This informs rustc of the name of your crate.

--edition: specify the edition to use

This flag takes a value of 2015, 2018,2021, or 2024. The default is 2015. More information about editions may be found in the edition guide.

--emit: specifies the types of output files to generate

This flag controls the types of output files generated by the compiler. It accepts a comma-separated list of values, and may be specified multiple times. The valid emit kinds are:

• asm — Generates a file with the crate's assembly code. The default output filename is CRATE_NAME.s.
• dep-info — Generates a file with Makefile syntax that indicates all the source files that were loaded to generate the crate. The default output filename is CRATE_NAME.d.
• link — Generates the crates specified by --crate-type. The default output filenames depend on the crate type and platform. This is the default if --emit is not specified.
• llvm-bc — Generates a binary file containing the LLVM bitcode. The default output filename is CRATE_NAME.bc.
• llvm-ir — Generates a file containing LLVM IR. The default output filename is CRATE_NAME.ll.
• metadata — Generates a file containing metadata about the crate. The default output filename is libCRATE_NAME.rmeta.
• mir — Generates a file containing rustc's mid-level intermediate representation. The default output filename is CRATE_NAME.mir.
• obj — Generates a native object file. The default output filename isCRATE_NAME.o.

The output filename can be set with the -o flag. A suffix may be added to the filename with the-C extra-filename flag.

Output files are written to the current directory unless the--out-dir flag is used.

Custom paths for individual emit kinds

Each emit type can optionally be followed by = to specify an explicit output path that only applies to the output of that type. For example:

• --emit=link,dep-info=/path/to/dep-info.d
  • Emit the crate itself as normal, and also emit dependency info to the specified path.
• --emit=llvm-ir=-,mir
  • Emit MIR to the default filename (based on crate name), and emit LLVM IR to stdout.

Emitting to stdout

When using --emit or -o, output can be sent to stdout by specifying - as the path (e.g. -o -).

Binary output types can only be written to stdout if it is not a tty. Text output types (asm, dep-info, llvm-ir and mir) can be written to stdout regardless of whether it is a tty or not.

Only one type of output can be written to stdout. Attempting to write multiple types to stdout at the same time will result in an error.

--print: print compiler information

This flag prints out various information about the compiler. This flag may be specified multiple times, and the information is printed in the order the flags are specified. Specifying a --print flag will usually disable the--emit step and will only print the requested information. The valid types of print values are:

• crate-name — The name of the crate.
• file-names — The names of the files created by the link emit kind.
• sysroot — Path to the sysroot.
• target-libdir — Path to the target libdir.
• host-tuple — The target-tuple string of the host compiler (e.g. x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
• cfg — List of cfg values. See conditional compilation for more information about cfg values.
• target-list — List of known targets. The target may be selected with the--target flag.
• target-cpus — List of available CPU values for the current target. The target CPU may be selected with the -C target-cpu=valflag.
• target-features — List of available target features for the current target. Target features may be enabled with the -C target-feature=valflag. This flag is unsafe. Seeknown issues for more details.
• relocation-models — List of relocation models. Relocation models may be selected with the -C relocation-model=valflag.
• code-models — List of code models. Code models may be selected with the-C code-model=val flag.
• tls-models — List of Thread Local Storage models supported. The model may be selected with the -Z tls-model=val flag.
• native-static-libs — This may be used when creating a staticlib crate type. If this is the only flag, it will perform a full compilation and include a diagnostic note that indicates the linker flags to use when linking the resulting static library. The note starts with the textnative-static-libs: to make it easier to fetch the output.
• link-args — This flag does not disable the --emit step. When linking, this flag causes rustc to print the full linker invocation in a human-readable form. This can be useful when debugging linker options. The exact format of this debugging output is not a stable guarantee, other than that it will include the linker executable and the text of each command-line argument passed to the linker.
• deployment-target — The currently selected deployment target (or minimum OS version) for the selected Apple platform target. This value can be used or passed along to other components alongside a Rust build that need this information, such as C compilers. This returns rustc's minimum supported deployment target if no *_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET variable is present in the environment, or otherwise returns the variable's parsed value.

A filepath may optionally be specified for each requested information kind, in the format --print KIND=PATH, just like for --emit. When a path is specified, information will be written there instead of to stdout.

-g: include debug information

A synonym for -C debuginfo=2.

-O: optimize your code

A synonym for -C opt-level=3.

-o: filename of the output

This flag controls the output filename.

--out-dir: directory to write the output in

The outputted crate will be written to this directory. This flag is ignored if the -o flag is used.

--explain: provide a detailed explanation of an error message

Each error of rustc's comes with an error code; this will print out a longer explanation of a given error.

--test: build a test harness

When compiling this crate, rustc will ignore your main function and instead produce a test harness. See the Tests chapterfor more information about tests.

--target: select a target triple to build

This controls which target to produce.

-W: set lint warnings

This flag will set which lints should be set to the warn level.

Note: The order of these lint level arguments is taken into account, see lint level via compiler flag for more information.

--force-warn: force a lint to warn

This flag sets the given lint to the forced warn level and the level cannot be overridden, even ignoring the lint caps.

-A: set lint allowed

This flag will set which lints should be set to the allow level.

Note: The order of these lint level arguments is taken into account, see lint level via compiler flag for more information.

-D: set lint denied

This flag will set which lints should be set to the deny level.

Note: The order of these lint level arguments is taken into account, see lint level via compiler flag for more information.

-F: set lint forbidden

This flag will set which lints should be set to the forbid level.

Note: The order of these lint level arguments is taken into account, see lint level via compiler flag for more information.

-Z: set unstable options

This flag will allow you to set unstable options of rustc. In order to set multiple options, the -Z flag can be used multiple times. For example: rustc -Z verbose-internals -Z time-passes. Specifying options with -Z is only available on nightly. To view all available options run: rustc -Z help, or see The Unstable Book.

--cap-lints: set the most restrictive lint level

This flag lets you 'cap' lints, for more, see here.

-C/--codegen: code generation options

This flag will allow you to set codegen options.

-V/--version: print a version

This flag will print out rustc's version.

-v/--verbose: use verbose output

This flag, when combined with other flags, makes them produce extra output.

--extern: specify where an external library is located

This flag allows you to pass the name and location for an external crate of a direct dependency. Indirect dependencies (dependencies of dependencies) are located using the -L flag. The given crate name is added to the extern prelude, similar to specifying extern crate within the root module. The given crate name does not need to match the name the library was built with.

Specifying --extern has one behavior difference from extern crate:--extern merely makes the crate a candidate for being linked; it does not actually link it unless it's actively used. In rare occasions you may wish to ensure a crate is linked even if you don't actively use it from your code: for example, if it changes the global allocator or if it contains#[no_mangle] symbols for use by other programming languages. In such cases you'll need to use extern crate.

This flag may be specified multiple times. This flag takes an argument with either of the following formats:

• CRATENAME=PATH — Indicates the given crate is found at the given path.
• CRATENAME — Indicates the given crate may be found in the search path, such as within the sysroot or via the -L flag.

The same crate name may be specified multiple times for different crate types. If both an rlib and dylib are found, an internal algorithm is used to decide which to use for linking. The -C prefer-dynamicflag may be used to influence which is used.

If the same crate name is specified with and without a path, the one with the path is used and the pathless flag has no effect.

--sysroot: Override the system root

The "sysroot" is where rustc looks for the crates that come with the Rust distribution; this flag allows that to be overridden.

--error-format: control how errors are produced

This flag lets you control the format of messages. Messages are printed to stderr. The valid options are:

• human — Human-readable output. This is the default.
• json — Structured JSON output. See the JSON chapter for more detail.
• short — Short, one-line messages.

--color: configure coloring of output

This flag lets you control color settings of the output. The valid options are:

• auto — Use colors if output goes to a tty. This is the default.
• always — Always use colors.
• never — Never colorize output.

--diagnostic-width: specify the terminal width for diagnostics

This flag takes a number that specifies the width of the terminal in characters. Formatting of diagnostics will take the width into consideration to make them better fit on the screen.

--remap-path-prefix: remap source names in output

Remap source path prefixes in all output, including compiler diagnostics, debug information, macro expansions, etc. It takes a value of the formFROM=TO where a path prefix equal to FROM is rewritten to the value TO. The FROM may itself contain an = symbol, but the TO value may not. This flag may be specified multiple times.

This is useful for normalizing build products, for example by removing the current directory out of pathnames emitted into the object files. The replacement is purely textual, with no consideration of the current system's pathname syntax. For example --remap-path-prefix foo=bar will matchfoo/lib.rs but not ./foo/lib.rs.

When multiple remappings are given and several of them match, the lastmatching one is applied.

--json: configure json messages printed by the compiler

When the --error-format=json option is passed to rustc then all of the compiler's diagnostic output will be emitted in the form of JSON blobs. The --json argument can be used in conjunction with--error-format=json to configure what the JSON blobs contain as well as which ones are emitted.

With --error-format=json the compiler will always emit any compiler errors as a JSON blob, but the following options are also available to the --json flag to customize the output:

• diagnostic-short - json blobs for diagnostic messages should use the "short" rendering instead of the normal "human" default. This means that the output of--error-format=short will be embedded into the JSON diagnostics instead of the default --error-format=human.
• diagnostic-rendered-ansi - by default JSON blobs in their rendered field will contain a plain text rendering of the diagnostic. This option instead indicates that the diagnostic should have embedded ANSI color codes intended to be used to colorize the message in the manner rustc typically already does for terminal outputs. Note that this is usefully combined with crates likefwdansi to translate these ANSI codes on Windows to console commands orstrip-ansi-escapes if you'd like to optionally remove the ansi colors afterwards.
• artifacts - this instructs rustc to emit a JSON blob for each artifact that is emitted. An artifact corresponds to a request from the --emit CLI argument, and as soon as the artifact is available on the filesystem a notification will be emitted.
• future-incompat - includes a JSON message that contains a report if the crate contains any code that may fail to compile in the future.

Note that it is invalid to combine the --json argument with the--color argument, and it is required to combine --jsonwith --error-format=json.

See the JSON chapter for more detail.

@path: load command-line flags from a path

If you specify @path on the command-line, then it will open path and read command line options from it. These options are one per line; a blank line indicates an empty option. The file can use Unix or Windows style line endings, and must be encoded as UTF-8.