numpy.sqrt — NumPy v1.13 Manual (original) (raw)

numpy. sqrt(x, /, out=None, *, where=True, casting='same_kind', order='K', dtype=None, _subok=True_[, signature, _extobj_]) = <ufunc 'sqrt'>

Return the positive square-root of an array, element-wise.

Parameters: x : array_like The values whose square-roots are required. out : ndarray, None, or tuple of ndarray and None, optional A location into which the result is stored. If provided, it must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to. If not provided or None, a freshly-allocated array is returned. A tuple (possible only as a keyword argument) must have length equal to the number of outputs. where : array_like, optional Values of True indicate to calculate the ufunc at that position, values of False indicate to leave the value in the output alone. **kwargs For other keyword-only arguments, see theufunc docs.
Returns: y : ndarray An array of the same shape as x, containing the positive square-root of each element in x. If any element in x is complex, a complex array is returned (and the square-roots of negative reals are calculated). If all of the elements in _x_are real, so is y, with negative elements returning nan. If out was provided, y is a reference to it.

See also

lib.scimath.sqrt

A version which returns complex numbers when given negative reals.

Notes

sqrt has–consistent with common convention–as its branch cut the real “interval” [-inf, 0), and is continuous from above on it. A branch cut is a curve in the complex plane across which a given complex function fails to be continuous.

Examples

np.sqrt([1,4,9]) array([ 1., 2., 3.])

np.sqrt([4, -1, -3+4J]) array([ 2.+0.j, 0.+1.j, 1.+2.j])

np.sqrt([4, -1, numpy.inf]) array([ 2., NaN, Inf])