residuez — SciPy v1.15.3 Manual (original) (raw)

scipy.signal.

scipy.signal.residuez(b, a, tol=0.001, rtype='avg')[source]#

Compute partial-fraction expansion of b(z) / a(z).

If M is the degree of numerator b and N the degree of denominator_a_:

    b(z)     b[0] + b[1] z**(-1) + ... + b[M] z**(-M)

H(z) = ------ = ------------------------------------------ a(z) a[0] + a[1] z**(-1) + ... + a[N] z**(-N)

then the partial-fraction expansion H(z) is defined as:

    r[0]                   r[-1]

= --------------- + ... + ---------------- + k[0] + k[1]z**(-1) ... (1-p[0]z**(-1)) (1-p[-1]z**(-1))

If there are any repeated roots (closer than tol), then the partial fraction expansion has terms like:

 r[i]              r[i+1]                    r[i+n-1]

-------------- + ------------------ + ... + ------------------ (1-p[i]z**(-1)) (1-p[i]z**(-1))2 (1-p[i]z(-1))**n

This function is used for polynomials in negative powers of z, such as digital filters in DSP. For positive powers, use residue.

See Notes of residue for details about the algorithm.

Parameters:

barray_like

Numerator polynomial coefficients.

aarray_like

Denominator polynomial coefficients.

tolfloat, optional

The tolerance for two roots to be considered equal in terms of the distance between them. Default is 1e-3. See unique_rootsfor further details.

rtype{‘avg’, ‘min’, ‘max’}, optional

Method for computing a root to represent a group of identical roots. Default is ‘avg’. See unique_roots for further details.

Returns:

rndarray

Residues corresponding to the poles. For repeated poles, the residues are ordered to correspond to ascending by power fractions.

pndarray

Poles ordered by magnitude in ascending order.

kndarray

Coefficients of the direct polynomial term.