scipy.special.expm1 — SciPy v1.15.2 Manual (original) (raw)

scipy.special.expm1(x, out=None) = <ufunc 'expm1'>#

Compute exp(x) - 1.

When x is near zero, exp(x) is near 1, so the numerical calculation of exp(x) - 1 can suffer from catastrophic loss of precision.expm1(x) is implemented to avoid the loss of precision that occurs when_x_ is near zero.

Parameters:

xarray_like

x must contain real numbers.

outndarray, optional

Optional output array for the function values

Returns:

scalar or ndarray

exp(x) - 1 computed element-wise.

Examples

import numpy as np from scipy.special import expm1

expm1(1.0) 1.7182818284590451 expm1([-0.2, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.2]) array([-0.18126925, -0.09516258, 0. , 0.10517092, 0.22140276])

The exact value of exp(7.5e-13) - 1 is:

7.5000000000028125000000007031250000001318...10*-13.

Here is what expm1(7.5e-13) gives:

expm1(7.5e-13) 7.5000000000028135e-13

Compare that to exp(7.5e-13) - 1, where the subtraction results in a “catastrophic” loss of precision:

np.exp(7.5e-13) - 1 7.5006667543675576e-13