Sudo for Windows (original) (raw)

Sudo for Windows is a way for users to run elevated commands (as an administrator) directly from an unelevated console session on Windows.

Read the announcement, which includes a demo video and deep-dive into how Sudo for Windows works.

Prerequisites

The Sudo for Windows command is available in Windows 11, version 24H2 or higher. (Check for Windows updates).

How to enable Sudo for Windows

To enable Sudo for Windows, open System > Advanced in Windows Settings and set Enable sudo to On.

Warning

Sudo for Windows can be used as a potential escalation of privilege vector when enabled in certain configurations. You should make sure to be aware of the security considerations when enabling the sudo command on your machine.

How to configure Sudo for Windows

Sudo for Windows currently supports three different configuration options. The configuration can be set from the System > Advanced menu or programmatically, using the command line. The configuration options include:

• In a new window (forceNewWindow): The forceNewWindow configuration option is the default configuration option for Sudo for Windows. Use sudo in this configuration to run the command in a new window. This is similar to the behavior of the runas /user:admin command.
• Input closed (disableInput): The disableInput configuration option will run the elevated process in the current window, but with the input handle closed. This means that the elevated process will not be able to receive input from the current console window. This is useful for scenarios where you want to run a command as an administrator, but do not want to allow the command to receive input from the current console window. This configuration option provides some of the convenience of the inline configuration option while mitigating some of the associated security risks.
• Inline (normal): The normal configuration option is most similar to how sudo behaves on other operating systems. This configuration will run the elevated process in the current window and the process will be able to receive input from the current console session. This is useful for scenarios where you want to run a command as an administrator and want to allow the command to receive input from the current console window. This configuration option provides the most convenience, but you should only choose this option if you are familiar with the associated security risks.

You can select among these configurations from the System > Advanced menu or change the configuration programmatically, in an elevated command line (admin console), using:

• sudo config --enable <configuration_option>

Update <configuration_option> to either forceNewWindow, disableInput, or normal.

How to use Sudo for Windows

To use Sudo for Windows, simply prepend sudo to the command you want to run as an administrator. For example, to run netstat -ab as an administrator, you would run sudo netstat -ab in your console window.

Common developer scenarios

Here are some common scenarios where developers might use sudo:

• Editing system files: sudo notepad C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
• Installing packages globally: sudo npm install -g package-name
• Running administrative tools: sudo diskpart

Note

For development work involving system directories like C:\Windows\, consider using development environments or alternative approaches when possible. Sudo should be used judiciously and only when elevated permissions are truly necessary.

Because sudo elevates the targeted process to run with administrator-level permission, a prompt will open asking you to verify that you want to continue.

Security Considerations

There are risks associated with running sudo in the Input closed (disableInput) or Inline (normal) configurations. It is possible for malicious processes to attempt to drive the elevated process using the connection established by the unelevated sudo.exe and the elevated sudo.exe process.

The disableInput configuration option mitigates risk by closing the input handle. Disconnecting the input handle from the current console window means that unelevated processes cannot send input to the elevated process.

The inline configuration option runs the elevated process in the current window and the process is able to receive input from the current console session. An unelevated process can send input to the elevated process within the same console window or get information from the output in the current window in this configuration.

FAQ

How is Sudo for Windows different from the existing runas command?

The sudo command offers a way to quickly elevate a command as administrator from your current unelevated command line context and is familiar to some users coming from other operating systems. The runas command offers a way to run programs as any user, including administrator if you so choose. At this point in time, the sudo command on Windows does not support running programs as other users. Other key differences between sudo and runas include:

• runas allows you to run programs as other users, including but not limited to as administrator. This functionality is on the roadmap for the sudo command, but does not yet exist.
• sudo allows you to quickly elevate a process (as administrator):
  • You can choose to do so in a new window, which resembles the runas administrator flow.
  • You can choose to connect the elevated process to the current console window with the disableInput and normal configuration options. This is not supported with runas.
• runas can prompt users for a password in the command-line.
• sudo can only be elevated via the User Account Control (UAC) security feature designed to protect the operating system from unauthorized changes using verification prompt.

You should consider your particular use-case and plan to use the command that best meets your needs. You should also consider the security implications of running sudo in the disableInput and normal modes. The default forceNewWindow configuration option is recommended unless you are familiar and comfortable with the risks associated with the other sudo configurations.

Sudo for Windows open source repository

Sudo for Windows is open source and welcomes your contributions and feedback. You can find the source code for Sudo for Windows on GitHub.

Additional functionality

If you’re looking for additional functionality that Sudo for Windows does not provide, check out gsudo by Gerardo Grignoli which has a number of additional features and configuration options or check out other solutions from the community.