[Python-Dev] pthreads, fork, import, and execvp (original) (raw)

Gregory P. Smith greg at krypto.org
Wed Sep 9 20:19:42 CEST 2009

On Wed, Sep 9, 2009 at 9:07 AM, Thomas Wouters<thomas at python.org> wrote:

On Sat, Jul 25, 2009 at 19:25, Gregory P. Smith <greg at krypto.org> wrote:

On Thu, Jul 23, 2009 at 4:28 PM, Thomas Wouters<thomas at python.org> wrote: > > So attached (and at http://codereview.appspot.com/96125/show ) is a > preliminary fix, correcting the problem with os.fork(), os.forkpty() and > os.fork1(). This doesn't expose a general API for C code to use, for two > reasons: it's not easy, and I need this fix more than I need the API > change > :-) (I actually need this fix myself for Python 2.4, but it applies > fairly > cleanly.) This looks good to me. Anyone else want to take a look at this before I check it in? I updated the patch (in Rietveld) to contain some documentation about the hazards of mixing fork and threads, which is the best we can do at the moment, at least without seriously overhauling the threading APIs (which, granted, is not that bad an idea, considering the mess they're in.) I've now thoroughly tested the patch, and for most platforms it's strictly better. On AIX it may behave differently (possibly 'incorrectly' for specific cases) if something other than os.fork() calls the C fork() and calls PyOSAfterFork(), since on AIX it used to nuke the thread lock. I think the new behaviour (not nuking the lock) is the correct thing to do, but since most places that release the import lock don't bother to check if the lock was even held, the old behaviour may have been succesfully masking the bug on AIX systems. Perhaps for the backport to 2.6 (which I think is in order, and also in accordance with the guidelines) I should leave the AIX workaround in? Anyone think it should not be removed from 3.x/2.7?

Your idea of making this an API called a 'fork lock' or something sounds good (though I think it needs a better name.  PyBeforeFork & PyAfterFork?).  The subprocess module, for example, disables garbage collection before forking and restores it afterwards to avoid http://bugs.python.org/issue1336.  That type of thing could also be done in such a function. Unfortunately it's rather hard to make those functions work correctly with the current API -- we can't provide functions you can just use as arguments to pthreadatfork because the global interpreter lock is not re-entrant and we have no way of testing whether the current thread holds the GIL. I also get the creepy-crawlies when I look at the various thread* implementations and see the horribly unsafe things they do (and also, for instance, the PendingCall stuff in ceval.c :S) Unfortunately there's no good way to fix these things without breaking API compatibility, let alone ABI compatibility.

Take a look at http://code.google.com/p/python-atfork/ which I created to address the general fork+threading with locks held causing deadlocks issue with many standard library modules. Currently it only patches the logging module but I intend to support others. I want to get an atfork mechanism into 2.7/3.2 along with every lock in the standard library making proper use of it.

See also http://bugs.python.org/issue6721

I make no attempt to deal with C-level locks, only those acquired from python. It doesn't use pthread_atfork but instead models its behavior after that and wraps os.fork and os.forkpty so that they call the registered atfork methods as appropriate.

Related to the above subprocess fork + gc bug.. It'd be nice for CPython to have code that does the fork+misc twiddling+exec all in one C call without needing to execute Python code in the child process prior to the exec().  Most of the inner body of subprocess's executechild() method could be done that way.  (with the obvious exception of the preexecfn) > > To fix the mutex-across-fork problem correctly we should really acquire > three locks (the import lock, the GIL and the TLS lock, in that order.) > The > import lock is re-entrant, and the TLS lock is tightly confined to the > thread-local-storage lookup functions, but the GIL is neither re-entrant > nor > inspectable. That means we can't use pthreadatfork (we can't tell > whether > we have the GIL already or not, right before the fork), nor can we > provide a > convenient API for extension modules to use, really. The best we can do > is > provide three functions, pthreadatfork-style: a 'prepare' function, an > 'after-fork-in-child' function, and an 'after-fork-in-parent' function. > The > 'prepare' function would start by releasing the GIL, then acquire the > import > lock, the GIL and the TLS lock in that order. It would also record > somewhere the threadident of the current thread. The 'in-parent' > function > would simply release the TLS lock and the import lock, and the > 'in-child' > would release those locks, call the threading.atfork() function, and > fix > up the TLS data, using the recorded thread ident to do lookups. The > 'in-child' function would replace the current PyOSAfterFork() function > (which blindly reinitializes the GIL and the TLS lock, and calls > threading.atfork().) > > Alternatively we could do what we do now, which is to ignore the fact > that > thread idents may change by fork() and thus that thread-local data may > disappear, in which case the 'in-child' function could do a little less > work. I'm suitably scared and disgusted of the TLS implementation, the > threading implementations we support (including the pthread one) and the > way > we blindly type-pun a pthreadt to a long, that I'm not sure I want to > try > and build something correct and reliable on top of it. > > -- > Thomas Wouters <thomas at python.org> > > Hi! I'm a .signature virus! copy me into your .signature file to help me > spread! > _> ________________________ > Python-Dev mailing list > Python-Dev at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev > Unsubscribe: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/options/python-dev/greg%40krypto.org > > -- Thomas Wouters <thomas at python.org> Hi! I'm a .signature virus! copy me into your .signature file to help me spread!

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