[Python-Dev] accept the wheel PEPs 425, 426, 427 (original) (raw)

Daniel Holth dholth at gmail.com
Thu Oct 18 21:48:37 CEST 2012

PEP: 425 Title: Compatibility Tags for Built Distributions Version: RevisionRevisionRevision Last-Modified: 07-Aug-2012 Author: Daniel Holth <dholth at fastmail.fm> Status: Draft Type: Standards Track Content-Type: text/x-rst Created: 27-Jul-2012 Python-Version: 3.4 Post-History: 8-Aug-2012

Abstract

This PEP specifies a tagging system to indicate with which versions of Python a built or binary distribution is compatible. A set of three tags indicate which Python implementation and language version, ABI, and platform a built distribution requires. The tags are terse because they will be included in filenames.

PEP Editor's Note

While the naming scheme described in this PEP will not be supported directly in the standard library until Python 3.4 at the earliest, draft implementations may be made available in third party projects.

Rationale

Today "python setup.py bdist" generates the same filename on PyPy and CPython, but an incompatible archive, making it inconvenient to share built distributions in the same folder or index. Instead, built distributions should have a file naming convention that includes enough information to decide whether or not a particular archive is compatible with a particular implementation.

Previous efforts come from a time where CPython was the only important implementation and the ABI was the same as the Python language release. This specification improves upon the older schemes by including the Python implementation, language version, ABI, and platform as a set of tags.

By comparing the tags it supports with the tags listed by the distribution, an installer can make an educated decision about whether to download a particular built distribution without having to read its full metadata.

Overview

The tag format is {python tag}-{abi tag}-{platform tag}

python tag ‘py27’, ‘cp33’ abi tag ‘cp32dmu’, ‘none’ platform tag ‘linux_x86_64’, ‘any’

For example, the tag py27-none-any indicates compatible with Python 2.7 (any Python 2.7 implementation) with no abi requirement, on any platform.

Details

Python Tag

The Python tag indicates the implementation and version required by a distribution. Major implementations have abbreviated codes, initially:

Other Python implementations should use sys.implementation.name.

The version is py_version_nodot. CPython gets away with no dot, but if one is needed the underscore _ is used instead. PyPy should probably use its own versions here pp18, pp19.

The version can be just the major version 2 or 3 py2, py3 for many pure-Python distributions.

Importantly, major-version-only tags like py2 and py3 are not shorthand for py20 and py30. Instead, these tags mean the packager intentionally released a cross-version-compatible distribution.

A single-source Python 2/3 compatible distribution can use the compound tag py2.py3. See Compressed Tag Sets, below.

ABI Tag

The ABI tag indicates which Python ABI is required by any included extension modules. For implementation-specific ABIs, the implementation is abbreviated in the same way as the Python Tag, e.g. cp33d would be the CPython 3.3 ABI with debugging.

The CPython stable ABI is abi3 as in the shared library suffix, and is available starting with Python 3.2.

Implementations with a very unstable ABI may use the first 6 bytes (as 8 base64-encoded characters) of the SHA-256 hash of ther source code revision and compiler flags, etc, but will probably not have a great need to distribute binary distributions. Each implementation's community may decide how to best use the ABI tag.

Platform Tag

The platform tag is simply distutils.util.get_platform() with all hyphens - and periods . replaced with underscore _.

Use

The tags are used by installers to decide which built distribution (if any) to download from a list of potential built distributions. The installer maintains a list of (pyver, abi, arch) tuples that it will support. If the built distribution's tag is in the list, then it can be installed.

For example, an installer running under CPython 3.3 on a linux_x86_64 system might support::

  1. cp33-cp33m-linux_x86_64
  2. cp33-none-linux_x86_64
  3. cp3-abi3-linux_x86_64
  4. cp33-none-any
  5. cp3-none-any
  6. py33-none-any
  7. py3-none-any

A user could instruct their installer to fall back to building from an sdist more or less often by configuring this list of tags.

Rarely there will be more than one supported built distribution for a particular version of a package. For example, a packager could release a package tagged cp3-abi3-linux_x86_64 that contains an optional C extension and the same distribution tagged py3-none-any that does not. The index of the tag in the supported tags list breaks the tie, and the package with the C extension is installed in preference to the package without because that tag appears first in the list.

Compressed Tag Sets

To allow for compact filenames of bdists that work with more than one compatibility tag triple, each tag in a filename can instead be a '.'-separated, sorted, set of tags. For example, pip, a pure-Python package that is written to run under Python 2 and 3 with the same source code, could distribute a bdist with the tag py2.py3-none-any. The full list of simple tags is::

for x in pytag.split('.'):
    for y in abitag.split('.'):
        for z in archtag.split('.'):
            yield '-'.join((x, y, z))

A bdist format that implements this scheme should include the expanded tags in bdist-specific metadata. This compression scheme can generate large numbers of unsupported tags and "impossible" tags that are supported by no Python implementation e.g. "cp33-cp31u-win64", so use it sparingly.

FAQ

Can I have a tag py32+ to indicate a minimum Python minor release? No. Inspect the Trove classifiers to determine this level of cross-release compatibility. Similar to the announcements "beaglevote versions 3.2 and above no longer supports Python 1.52", you will have to manually keep track of the maximum (PEP-386) release that still supports your version of Python.

Why isn't there a . in the Python version number? CPython has lasted 20+ years without a 3-digit major release. This should continue for some time. Other implementations may use _ as a delimeter, since both - and . delimit the surrounding filename.

Who will maintain the registry of abbreviated implementations? New two-letter abbreviations can be requested on the python-dev mailing list. As a rule of thumb, abbreviations are reserved for the current 4 most prominent implementations.

Does the compatibility tag go into METADATA or PKG-INFO? No. The compatibility tag is part of the built distribution's metadata. METADATA / PKG-INFO should be valid for an entire distribution, not a single build of that distribution.

Why didn't you mention my favorite Python implementation? The abbreviated tags facilitate sharing compiled Python code in a public index. Your Python implementation can use this specification too, but with longer tags. Recall that all "pure Python" built distributions just use 'py'.

References

.. [1] Egg Filename-Embedded Metadata (http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EggFormats#filename-embedded-metadata)

.. [2] Creating Built Distributions (http://docs.python.org/distutils/builtdist.html)

.. [3] PEP 3147 -- PYC Repository Directories (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147/)

Acknowledgements

The author thanks Paul Moore, Nick Coghlan, Mark Abramowitz, and Mr. Michele Lacchia for their valuable advice and help with this effort.

Copyright

This document has been placed in the public domain.

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