annotate(1) - Linux manual page (original) (raw)
GIT-ANNOTATE(1) Git Manual GIT-ANNOTATE(1)
NAME top
git-annotate - Annotate file lines with commit informationSYNOPSIS top
_git annotate_ [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] <file>DESCRIPTION top
Annotates each line in the given file with information from the
commit which introduced the line. Optionally annotates from a
given revision.
The only difference between this command and [git-blame(1)](../man1/git-blame.1.html) is that
they use slightly different output formats, and this command
exists only for backward compatibility to support existing
scripts, and provide a more familiar command name for people
coming from other SCM systems.OPTIONS top
-b
Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits. This can also be
controlled via the **blame.blankBoundary** config option.
--root
Do not treat root commits as boundaries. This can also be
controlled via the **blame.showRoot** config option.
--show-stats
Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
-L <start>,<end>, -L :<funcname>
Annotate only the line range given by _<start>,<end>_, or by the
function name regex _<funcname>_. May be specified multiple
times. Overlapping ranges are allowed.
_<start>_ and _<end>_ are optional. **-L** _<start>_ or **-L** _<start>_**,**
spans from _<start>_ to end of file. **-L ,**_<end>_ spans from start
of file to _<end>_.
_<start>_ and _<end>_ can take one of these forms:
• number
If _<start>_ or _<end>_ is a number, it specifies an absolute
line number (lines count from 1).
• **/regex/**
This form will use the first line matching the given POSIX
regex. If _<start>_ is a regex, it will search from the end
of the previous **-L** range, if any, otherwise from the start
of file. If _<start>_ is **^/regex/**, it will search from the
start of file. If _<end>_ is a regex, it will search
starting at the line given by _<start>_.
• +offset or -offset
This is only valid for _<end>_ and will specify a number of
lines before or after the line given by _<start>_.
If **:**_<funcname>_ is given in place of _<start>_ and _<end>_, it is a
regular expression that denotes the range from the first
funcname line that matches _<funcname>_, up to the next funcname
line. **:**_<funcname>_ searches from the end of the previous **-L**
range, if any, otherwise from the start of file. **^:**_<funcname>_
searches from the start of file. The function names are
determined in the same way as **git diff** works out patch hunk
headers (see _Defining a custom hunk-header_ in
[gitattributes(5)](../man5/gitattributes.5.html)).
-l
Show long rev (Default: off).
-t
Show raw timestamp (Default: off).
-S <revs-file>
Use revisions from revs-file instead of calling
[git-rev-list(1)](../man1/git-rev-list.1.html).
--reverse <rev>..<rev>
Walk history forward instead of backward. Instead of showing
the revision in which a line appeared, this shows the last
revision in which a line has existed. This requires a range of
revision like START..END where the path to blame exists in
START. **git blame --reverse START** is taken as **git blame**
**--reverse START..HEAD** for convenience.
--first-parent
Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
commit. This option can be used to determine when a line was
introduced to a particular integration branch, rather than
when it was introduced to the history overall.
-p, --porcelain
Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
--line-porcelain
Show the porcelain format, but output commit information for
each line, not just the first time a commit is referenced.
Implies --porcelain.
--incremental
Show the result incrementally in a format designed for machine
consumption.
--encoding=<encoding>
Specifies the encoding used to output author names and commit
summaries. Setting it to **none** makes blame output unconverted
data. For more information see the discussion about encoding
in the [git-log(1)](../man1/git-log.1.html) manual page.
--contents <file>
Annotate using the contents from the named file, starting from
<rev> if it is specified, and HEAD otherwise. You may specify
_-_ to make the command read from the standard input for the
file contents.
--date <format>
Specifies the format used to output dates. If --date is not
provided, the value of the blame.date config variable is used.
If the blame.date config variable is also not set, the iso
format is used. For supported values, see the discussion of
the --date option at [git-log(1)](../man1/git-log.1.html).
--[no-]progress
Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
default when it is attached to a terminal. This flag enables
progress reporting even if not attached to a terminal. Can’t
use **--progress** together with **--porcelain** or **--incremental**.
-M[<num>]
Detect moved or copied lines within a file. When a commit
moves or copies a block of lines (e.g. the original file has A
and then B, and the commit changes it to B and then A), the
traditional _blame_ algorithm notices only half of the movement
and typically blames the lines that were moved up (i.e. B) to
the parent and assigns blame to the lines that were moved down
(i.e. A) to the child commit. With this option, both groups of
lines are blamed on the parent by running extra passes of
inspection.
<num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
commit. The default value is 20.
-C[<num>]
In addition to **-M**, detect lines moved or copied from other
files that were modified in the same commit. This is useful
when you reorganize your program and move code around across
files. When this option is given twice, the command
additionally looks for copies from other files in the commit
that creates the file. When this option is given three times,
the command additionally looks for copies from other files in
any commit.
<num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than
one **-C** options given, the <num> argument of the last **-C** will
take effect.
--ignore-rev <rev>
Ignore changes made by the revision when assigning blame, as
if the change never happened. Lines that were changed or added
by an ignored commit will be blamed on the previous commit
that changed that line or nearby lines. This option may be
specified multiple times to ignore more than one revision. If
the **blame.markIgnoredLines** config option is set, then lines
that were changed by an ignored commit and attributed to
another commit will be marked with a ? in the blame output. If
the **blame.markUnblamableLines** config option is set, then those
lines touched by an ignored commit that we could not attribute
to another revision are marked with a _*_.
--ignore-revs-file <file>
Ignore revisions listed in **file**, which must be in the same
format as an **fsck.skipList**. This option may be repeated, and
these files will be processed after any files specified with
the **blame.ignoreRevsFile** config option. An empty file name,
"", will clear the list of revs from previously processed
files.
--color-lines
Color line annotations in the default format differently if
they come from the same commit as the preceding line. This
makes it easier to distinguish code blocks introduced by
different commits. The color defaults to cyan and can be
adjusted using the **color.blame.repeatedLines** config option.
--color-by-age
Color line annotations depending on the age of the line in the
default format. The **color.blame.highlightRecent** config option
controls what color is used for each range of age.
-h
Show help message.SEE ALSO top
[git-blame(1)](../man1/git-blame.1.html)GIT top
Part of the [git(1)](../man1/git.1.html) suiteCOLOPHON top
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man-pages@man7.orgGit 2.48.1.166.g58b580 2025-01-31 GIT-ANNOTATE(1)
Pages that refer to this page:git(1), git-blame(1)