Instrument the Rust standard library with safety contracts (original) (raw)
Summary
Finish the implementation of the contract attributes proposed in the compiler MCP-759, and port safety contracts from the verify-rust-std fork to the Rust standard library.
Motivation
Safety contracts serve as formal specifications that define the preconditions, postconditions, and invariants, that must be maintained for functions and data structures to operate correctly and safely. Currently, the Rust standard library already contains safety pre- and postconditions specified in the unsafe functions' documentation.
Contract attributes will enable developers to define safety requirements and behavioral specifications through programmatic contracts, which can be automatically converted into runtime checks when needed. These contracts can also express conditions that are verifiable through static analysis tools, and also provide foundation for formal verification of the standard library implementation, and other Rust code.
The status quo
Safety conditions are already well documented, and the Rust standard library is also instrumented usingcheck_library_ub and check_language_ub in many different places for conditions that are checkable at runtime.
The compiler team has also accepted Felix Klock's proposal MCP-759 to add experimental contracts attributes, and the initial implementation is currently under review.
Finally, we have annotated and verified around 200 functions in the verify-rust-std fork with safety contracts using contract attributes similar to the ones proposed in MCP-759.
The next 6 months
First, we will keep working with the compiler team to finish the implementation of contract attributes. We'll add support to #[contracts::requires] and #[contracts::ensures] attributes as described in MCP-759, as well type invariant specification.
This will allow users to convert contracts into runtime checks, as well as, provide compiler interface for external tools, such as verification tools, to retrieve the annotated contracts.
Once that has been merged to the compiler, we will work with the library to annotate functions of the standard library with their safety contracts.
The "shiny future" we are working towards
All unsafe functions in Rust should have their safety conditions specified using contracts, and verified that those conditions are enough to guarantee absence of undefined behavior.
Rust users should be able to check that their code do not violate the safety contracts of unsafe functions, which would rule out the possibility that their applications could have a safety bug.
Design axioms
- No runtime penalty: Instrumentation must not affect the standard library runtime behavior, including performance, unless users opt-in for contract runtime checks.
- Formal Verification: Enable the verification of the standard library implementation.
- Contract as code: Keeping the contract language and specification as close as possible to Rust syntax and semantics will lower the barrier for users to understand and be able to write their own contracts.
Ownership and team asks
Owner: Celina G. Val and Michael Tautschnig
| Task | Owner(s) or team(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Discussion and moral support |  libs |
Experimental Contract attributes
Standard Library Contracts
Definitions
Definitions for terms used above:
- Discussion and moral support is the lowest level offering, basically committing the team to nothing but good vibes and general support for this endeavor.
- Author MCP and Implementation means actually writing the code, document, whatever.
- Design meeting means holding a synchronous meeting to review a proposal and provide feedback (no decision expected).
- Standard reviews refers to reviews for PRs against the repository; these PRs are not expected to be unduly large or complicated.