[class.static] (original) (raw)
11 Classes [class]
11.4 Class members [class.mem]
11.4.8 Static members [class.static]
A static member s of class X may be referred to using the qualified-id expression X::s; it is not necessary to use the class member access syntax ([expr.ref]) to refer to a static member.
A static member may be referred to using the class member access syntax, in which case the object expression is evaluated.
[ Example
:
struct process { static void reschedule(); }; process& g();
void f() {
process::reschedule();
g().reschedule();
}
— end example
]
A static member may be referred to directly in the scope of its class or in the scope of a class derived ([class.derived]) from its class; in this case, the static member is referred to as if a qualified-id expression was used, with thenested-name-specifier of the qualified-id naming the class scope from which the static member is referenced.
[ Example
:
int g(); struct X { static int g(); }; struct Y : X { static int i; }; int Y::i = g();
— end example
]
Static members obey the usual class member access rules ([class.access]).
When used in the declaration of a class member, the static specifier shall only be used in the member declarations that appear within the member-specification of the class definition.
[ Note
:
It cannot be specified in member declarations that appear in namespace scope.
— end note
]
11.4.8.1 Static member functions [class.static.mfct]
[ Note
:
The rules described in [class.mfct] apply to static member functions.
— end note
]
[ Note
:
A static member function does not have a thispointer ([class.this]).
— end note
]
A static member function shall not be virtual.
There shall not be a static and a non-static member function with the same name and the same parameter types ([over.load]).
A static member function shall not be declared const,volatile, or const volatile.
11.4.8.2 Static data members [class.static.data]
A static data member is not part of the subobjects of a class.
If a static data member is declared thread_local there is one copy of the member per thread.
If a static data member is not declaredthread_local there is one copy of the data member that is shared by all the objects of the class.
A static data member shall not be mutable ([dcl.stc]).
The declaration of a non-inline static data member in its class definition is not a definition and may be of an incomplete type other thancv void.
The definition for a static data member that is not defined inline in the class definition shall appear in a namespace scope enclosing the member's class definition.
In the definition at namespace scope, the name of the static data member shall be qualified by its class name using the ::operator.
[ Example
:
class process { static process* run_chain; static process* running; };
process* process::running = get_main(); process* process::run_chain = running;
The static data member run_chain of classprocess is defined in global scope; the notationprocess::run_chain specifies that the member run_chainis a member of class process and in the scope of classprocess.
In the static data member definition, theinitializer expression refers to the static data member running of class process.
— end example
]
[ Note
:
Once the static data member has been defined, it exists even if no objects of its class have been created.
[ Example
:
In the example above, run_chain and running exist even if no objects of class process are created by the program.
— end example
]
— end note
]
The member shall still be defined in a namespace scope if it is odr-used ([basic.def.odr]) in the program and the namespace scope definition shall not contain an initializer.
An inline static data member may be defined in the class definition and may specify a brace-or-equal-initializer.
If the member is declared with the constexpr specifier, it may be redeclared in namespace scope with no initializer (this usage is deprecated; see [depr.static.constexpr]).
[ Note
:
There is exactly one definition of a static data member that is odr-used ([basic.def.odr]) in a valid program.
— end note
]
[ Note
:
Static data members of a class in namespace scope have the linkage of the name of the class ([basic.link]).
— end note
]