Iceland (original) (raw)

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Trolladyngja, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland
Brunnárdalur vein, Húnabyggð, Northwestern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6

Description: Deposited in vesicles from vapor phase.

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)

Localities:

Svartsengi Power Station, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Sog valley, Trolladyngja, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland
Teigarhorn, Berufjörður, Djúpavogshreppur, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Albite var. Andesine

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]

ⓘ Albite var. Anorthoclase

Formula: (Na,K)AlSi3O8

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

ⓘ 'Allanite Group'

Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

Description: As phenocryst in basaltic rock.

ⓘ Alunite

Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6

ⓘ Alunogen

Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O

ⓘ Amicite

Formula: K2Na2Al4Si4O16 · 5H2O

References:

Jackson, M. D., Couper, S., Stan, C. V., Ivarsson, M., Czabaj, M. W., Tamura, N., ... & Moore, J. G. (2019). Authigenic mineral texture in submarine 1979 basalt drill core, Surtsey volcano, Iceland. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(7), 3751-3773.

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: A B2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 42 localities in this region.

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO2

Localities:

Krisuvik hot spring, Krysuvik-Seltun geothermal area, Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3

ⓘ Anhydrite

Formula: CaSO4

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)

Localities:

Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland
Fagradalsfjall volcano, Grindavik, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland

ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]

Localities:

Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

ⓘ Aphthitalite

Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Magni crater, Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group'

Formula: A B4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region.

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO3

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Augite var. Ferroaugite

ⓘ Augite var. Ferrohedenbergite

Formula: (Ca,Mg,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Si2O6

Localities:

Reydarfjördur drill hole, Reyðarfjörður, Fjarðabyggð, Eastern Region, Iceland
Torfajökull Caldera, Rangárþing ytra, Southern Region, Iceland
Thorsmörk extrusive occurrence, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Babingtonite

Formula: Ca2(Fe,Mn)FeSi5O14(OH)

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO4

ⓘ Bassanite

Formula: Ca(SO4) · 0.5H2O

References:

Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ Belomarinaite

Formula: KNa(SO4)

References:

Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Nestola, Fabrizio, Pamato, Martha G., Rasmussen, Maja B. (2024) Kristjánite, KNa2H(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from Iceland containing [SO4-H-SO4]3- anion in the crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-19 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.4

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2

ⓘ Blödite

Formula: Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O

ⓘ Brochantite

Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6

References:

Sigurdur H. Markússon, Andri Stefánsson, Geothermal surface alteration of basalts, Krýsuvík Iceland—Alteration mineralogy, water chemistry and the effects of acid supply on the alteration process, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 206, Issues 1–2, 1 September 2011, Pages 46-59, ISSN 0377-0273, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.05.007.

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO3

Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region.

ⓘ Calcite var. Iceland Spar

Formula: CaCO3

ⓘ Carnallite

Formula: KMgCl3 · 6H2O

ⓘ Cavansite

Formula: Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O

Description: Undisclosed, very small locality (thin seam).

ⓘ Celadonite

Formula: K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Chabazite'

Localities: Reported from at least 64 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chabazite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS2

ⓘ Chessexite

Formula: (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O

References:

Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.

ⓘ 'Chevkinite Group'

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8

ⓘ 'Clinoptilolite Subgroup'

Formula: M3-6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ Corrensite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O

References:

Escobedo, D., Patrier, P., Beaufort, D., Gibert, B., Levy, L., Findling, N., & Mortensen, A. (2021). Contribution of the Paragenetic Sequence of Clay Minerals to Re-Examination of the Alteration Zoning in the Krafla Geothermal System. Minerals, 11(9), 935.

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al2O3

References:

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

ⓘ Cowlesite

Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Cristobalite

Formula: SiO2

Localities:

Hrafntinnuhryggur, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Cryptohalite

Formula: (NH4)2[SiF6]

References:

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi2O6

ⓘ Diopside var. Salite

ⓘ Ehrigite ?

Formula: Bi8Te3

ⓘ Eldfellite (TL)

Formula: NaFe3+(SO4)2

Type Locality:

References:

Balić-Žunic, T., Garavelli, A., Acquafredda, P., Leonardsen, E., Jakobsson, S. P. (2009) Eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from Eldfell volcano, Iceland. Mineralogical Magazine, 73 (1) 51-57 doi:10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.51

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ Epistilbite (TL)

Formula: CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.

ⓘ Epsomite

Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O

ⓘ 'Erionite Subgroup'

Formula: M2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Fayalite

Formula: Fe2+2SiO4

Localities:

Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland
Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Thorsmörk extrusive occurrence, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland
Vesterhorn Complex, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities:

Önundarfjorður, Ísafjarðarbær, Westfjords, Iceland
Thingmuli, Fljótsdalshérað, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland
Torfajökull Caldera, Rangárþing ytra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

ⓘ Ferricopiapite

Formula: Fe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF2

Localities:

Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Thorsmörk extrusive occurrence, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg2SiO4

ⓘ Galeite

Formula: Na15(SO4)5F4Cl

Localities:

Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3

ⓘ Garronite-Ca

Formula: Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64 · 27H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 25 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Gismondine Subgroup'

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Glass'

ⓘ Glauberite

Formula: Na2Ca(SO4)2

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)

Localities:

Krisuvik hot spring, Krysuvik-Seltun geothermal area, Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Gold

Formula: Au

ⓘ Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Gyrolite

Formula: NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Halotrichite

Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O

ⓘ Haycockite

Formula: Cu4Fe5S8

References:

Lévy, L., Gibert, B., Sigmundsson, F., Deldicque, D., Parat, F., & Hersir, G. P. (2019). Tracking magmatic hydrogen sulfur circulations using electrical impedance: complex electrical properties of core samples at the krafla volcano, iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3), 2492-2509.

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6

ⓘ Hedleyite ?

Formula: Bi7Te3

ⓘ Heklaite (TL)

Formula: KNaSiF6

Type Locality:

References:

Garavelli, A., Balić-Žunić, T., Mitolo, D., Acquafredda, P., Leonardsen, E., Jakobsson, S. P. (2010) Heklaite, KNaSiF6, a new fumarolic mineral from Hekla volcano, Iceland. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (1) 147-157 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.147

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe2O3

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hematite var. Titanohematite

References:

Lévy, L., Gibert, B., Sigmundsson, F., Deldicque, D., Parat, F., & Hersir, G. P. (2019). Tracking magmatic hydrogen sulfur circulations using electrical impedance: complex electrical properties of core samples at the krafla volcano, iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3), 2492-2509.

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag2Te

ⓘ Heterogenite ?

Formula: Co3+O(OH)

ⓘ Heulandite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

Description: Neuhoff et al finds that heulandites from the stage II formation are dominantly occupied by Ca 2+, although in some samples Na+ and K+ constitute up to 30 % of the exchangable ions.

ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'

Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O

Localities: Reported from at least 56 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hexahydrite

Formula: MgSO4 · 6H2O

References:

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ Hieratite

Formula: K2[SiF6]

References:

Garavelli, A., Balić-Žunić, T., Mitolo, D., Acquafredda, P., Leonardsen, E., Jakobsson, S. P. (2010) Heklaite, KNaSiF6, a new fumarolic mineral from Hekla volcano, Iceland. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (1) 147-157 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.147

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2

ⓘ Hydrokenoralstonite

Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Hekla, Rangárþing ytra, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Hypersthene'

Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3

ⓘ 'Iddingsite'

Formula: MgO · Fe2O3 · 3SiO2 · 4H2O

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe2+TiO3

Localities:

Thingmuli, Fljótsdalshérað, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland
Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Thorsmörk extrusive occurrence, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Ilmenite var. Ferrian Ilmenite

Formula: (Fe,Ti)2O3

ⓘ Ilvaite

Formula: CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)

ⓘ Ivsite

Formula: Na3H(SO4)2

References:

Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Nestola, Fabrizio, Pamato, Martha G., Rasmussen, Maja B. (2024) Kristjánite, KNa2H(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from Iceland containing [SO4-H-SO4]3- anion in the crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-19 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.4

ⓘ Jakobssonite (TL)

Formula: CaAlF5

Localities:

Hekla, Rangárþing ytra, Southern Region, Iceland
Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Fagradalsfjall volcano, Grindavik, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland

ⓘ Jarosite

Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Jasper'

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Julgoldite Subgroup'

Formula: Ca2XFe3+2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A

References:

Viereck, L. G., Griffin, B. J., Schmincke, H. U., & Pritchard, R. G. (1982). Volcaniclastic rocks of the Reydarfjordur drill hole, eastern Iceland: 2. Alteration. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 87(B8), 6459-6476.

ⓘ Kainite

Formula: KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4

Localities:

Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Krisuvik hot spring, Krysuvik-Seltun geothermal area, Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi3O8

ⓘ Kieserite

Formula: MgSO4 · H2O

ⓘ Kristjánite (TL)

Formula: KNa2H(SO4)2

Type Locality:

References:

Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Nestola, Fabrizio, Pamato, Martha G., Rasmussen, Maja B. (2024) Kristjánite, KNa2H(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from Iceland containing [SO4-H-SO4]3- anion in the crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-19 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.4

ⓘ Kröhnkite

Formula: Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O

ⓘ Laumontite

Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.

ⓘ Leonardsenite (TL)

Formula: MgAlF5 · 2H2O

ⓘ 'Lévyne'

Localities: Reported from at least 41 localities in this region.

ⓘ Lévyne-Ca

Formula: (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Localities:

Sog valley, Trolladyngja, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Össurá, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland
Stapafell quarry, Reykjanesbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Brunnárdalur vein, Húnabyggð, Northwestern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Löweite

Formula: Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O

ⓘ Maghemite

Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4

Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Ljósufjöll volcano, Eyja- og Miklaholtshreppur, Western Region, Iceland
Torfajökull Caldera, Rangárþing ytra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2

ⓘ Malladrite

Formula: Na2[SiF6]

References:

Garavelli, A., Balić-Žunić, T., Mitolo, D., Acquafredda, P., Leonardsen, E., Jakobsson, S. P. (2010) Heklaite, KNaSiF6, a new fumarolic mineral from Hekla volcano, Iceland. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (1) 147-157 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.147

ⓘ Meniaylovite

Formula: Ca4[(SO4)(SiF6)(AlF6)]F · 12H2O

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Fagradalsfjall volcano, Grindavik, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland

ⓘ Mercallite

Formula: KHSO4

References:

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ Merlinoite

Formula: (K,Na)5(Ca,Ba)2Al9Si23O64 · 23H2O

ⓘ Mesolite

Formula: Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 45 localities in this region.

ⓘ Metathénardite

Formula: Na2SO4

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Magni crater, Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi3O8)

ⓘ 'Microperthite'

References:

Macdonald, R., McGarvie, D. W., Pinkerton, H., Smith, R. L., & Palacz, A. (1990). Petrogenetic evolution of the Torfajökull Volcanic Complex, Iceland I. Relationship between the magma types. Journal of Petrology, 31(2), 429-459. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.2.429

ⓘ Molysite

Formula: FeCl3

ⓘ 'Monazite'

Formula: REE(PO4)

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O

ⓘ Mordenite

Formula: (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Localities:

Reydarfjördur drill hole, Reyðarfjörður, Fjarðabyggð, Eastern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

ⓘ Natroalunite

Formula: NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Natroalunite-2c'

Formula: (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6

ⓘ Natrojarosite

Formula: NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O

Localities:

Berufjörður, Djúpavogshreppur, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland
Svignaskarð, Borgarbyggð, Western Region, Iceland
Route 1 road cut, Haugar, Borgarbyggð, Western Region, Iceland
Bakkagerði, Borgarfjördur, Borgarfjarðarhreppur, Múlaþing, Eastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Natrolite Subgroup'

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)

ⓘ Nontronite

Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O

References:

Jackson, M. D., Couper, S., Stan, C. V., Ivarsson, M., Czabaj, M. W., Tamura, N., ... & Moore, J. G. (2019). Authigenic mineral texture in submarine 1979 basalt drill core, Surtsey volcano, Iceland. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(7), 3751-3773.

ⓘ Okenite

Formula: Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M2SiO4

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO2 · nH2O

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Opal var. Opal-CT

Formula: SiO2 · nH2O

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi3O8)

ⓘ Oskarssonite (TL)

Formula: AlF3

ⓘ 'Palagonite'

ⓘ Pentahydrite

Formula: MgSO4 · 5H2O

References:

Balić-Žunić, T., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P., Jonasson, K., Katerinopoulos, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., & Acquafredda, P. (2016). Fumarolic minerals: An overview of active European volcanoes. In Updates in Volcanology-From Volcano Modelling To Volcano Geology. InTechOpen.

ⓘ 'Phillipsite Subgroup'

Localities: Reported from at least 23 localities in this region.

ⓘ Pickeringite

Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O

ⓘ Pigeonite

Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ Prehnite

Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Pumpellyite Subgroup'

Formula: Ca2XAl2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS2

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi2O6

Localities:

Helguvik, Reykjanesbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Kleifaheiði quarry, Patreksfjörður, Vesturbyggð, Westfjords, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland
Stapafell quarry, Reykjanesbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Brunnárdalur vein, Húnabyggð, Northwestern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe1-xS

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO2

Localities: Reported from at least 51 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Agate

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO2

Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal

Formula: SiO2

ⓘ Reyerite

Formula: (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O

ⓘ Rhomboclase

Formula: (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O

Localities:

Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Hverir fumarole, Námaskarð Geothermal Area, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2

References:

Macdonald, R., McGarvie, D. W., Pinkerton, H., Smith, R. L., & Palacz, A. (1990). Petrogenetic evolution of the Torfajökull Volcanic Complex, Iceland I. Relationship between the magma types. Journal of Petrology, 31(2), 429-459. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/31.2.429

ⓘ Rosasite

Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2

ⓘ Rosenbergite

Formula: AlF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4 · H2O

References:

**Jacobsen, M. J., Balić -Žunić, T., Mitolo, D., Katerinopoulou, A., Garavelli, A., Jakobsson, S. P. (2014) Oskarssonite, AlF3, a new fumarolic mineral from Eldfell volcano, Heimaey, Iceland. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (1) 215-222 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.15 **p.221

ⓘ Rosickýite

Formula: S

ⓘ Rostite

Formula: Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O

ⓘ Rozenite

Formula: FeSO4 · 4H2O

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO2

References:

Lévy, L., Gibert, B., Sigmundsson, F., Deldicque, D., Parat, F., & Hersir, G. P. (2019). Tracking magmatic hydrogen sulfur circulations using electrical impedance: complex electrical properties of core samples at the krafla volcano, iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3), 2492-2509.

ⓘ Salammoniac

Formula: NH4Cl

ⓘ Saponite

Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O

Localities:

Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Saponite var. Bowlingite

Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O

ⓘ Scolecite

Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4

ⓘ Siderazot ?

Formula: FeNx to Fe3N1.33

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO3

Localities:

Trolladyngja, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Sog valley, Trolladyngja, Grindavíkurbær, Southern Peninsula, Iceland
Banaflatir road cut, Dalabyggð, Western Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Snottite'

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl2O4

ⓘ Starkeyite

Formula: MgSO4 · 4H2O

ⓘ Stellerite

Formula: Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O

Localities:

Hvalfjörður, Iceland
Hvammsvik, Kjósarhreppur, Capital Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Route 1 road cut, Haugar, Borgarbyggð, Western Region, Iceland ? (more information)

ⓘ Stilbite-Ca

Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'

Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O

Localities: Reported from at least 64 localities in this region.

ⓘ Sulphur

Formula: S8

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Sylvite

Formula: KCl

References:

Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.

ⓘ Szomolnokite

Formula: FeSO4 · H2O

ⓘ Tamarugite

Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O

ⓘ Tellurium

Formula: Te

ⓘ Thénardite

Formula: Na2SO4

Localities:

Eldfell, Heimaey island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Magni crater, Fimmvörðuháls eruption site, Rangárþing eystra, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Thomsenolite

Formula: NaCa[AlF6] · H2O

References:

Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.

ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca

Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Thomsonite Subgroup'

Localities: Reported from at least 47 localities in this region.

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O

Localities:

Reydarfjördur drill hole, Reyðarfjörður, Fjarðabyggð, Eastern Region, Iceland
Krafla Volcano, Myvatn, Skútustaðahreppur, Þingeyjarsveit, Northeastern Region, Iceland
Austurhorn Intrusion, Hornafjörður, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Tobermorite

Formula: Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)

Localities:

Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ Topsøeite (TL)

Formula: FeF[F0.5(H2O)0.5]4 · H2O

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2

ⓘ Tridymite

Formula: SiO2

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

References:

Lévy, L., Gibert, B., Sigmundsson, F., Deldicque, D., Parat, F., & Hersir, G. P. (2019). Tracking magmatic hydrogen sulfur circulations using electrical impedance: complex electrical properties of core samples at the krafla volcano, iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124(3), 2492-2509.

ⓘ Tungusite

Formula: Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6

ⓘ 'UM2008-29-F:CoFeHN' ?

Formula: (NH4)(Fe,Co)2F6

ⓘ 'UM2008-31-F:FeHOSi' ?

Formula: FeSiF6 · 6H2O

ⓘ 'UM2008-49-SO:FeNa'

Formula: Na3Fe(SO4)3

ⓘ 'UM2008-50-SO:HMgNa'

Formula: Na2Mg3(SO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O

ⓘ Vanthoffite

Formula: Na6Mg(SO4)4

ⓘ Variscite

Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O

ⓘ Verneite (TL)

Formula: Na2Ca3Al2F14

ⓘ Wairakite

Formula: Ca(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)

ⓘ 'Xenotime'

ⓘ Xonotlite

Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2

Localities:

Grillid (Cave S-4), Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland
Unnamed borehole, Surtsey Island, Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands), Vestmannaeyjar, Southern Region, Iceland

ⓘ 'Xylochlore'

Habit: crystals to 1.5mm

Colour: green

Description: Found in a fossil tree trunk

ⓘ Yugawaralite

Formula: CaAl2Si6O16 · 4H2O

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'

References:

Franzson, H., Kristjánsson, B. R., Gunnarsson, G., Björnsson, G., Hjartarson, A., Steingrímsson, B., ... & Gíslason, G. (2005, April). The Hengill-Hellisheiði geothermal field. Development of a conceptual geothermal model. In Proceedings world geothermal congress (pp. 1-7). Antalya.

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO4)