Haapalaite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About HaapalaiteHide
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Formula:
(Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22
Colour:
Bronze-red to light brown
Specific Gravity:
3.57 (Calculated)
Name:
Named in 1973 by Maija Huhma, Yrjo Vuorelainen, Tauno Aulis Hakli, and Heikki Papunen in honor of Paavo Haapala (19 August 1906 Finland - 6 November 2002 Finland), chief mining geologist and eventually vice-president at Nickel in the Petsamo District, later chief geologist for the Cerro de Pasco Corporation in Peru, and at Outokumpu Oy, Finland.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1788:2
7d2eed3b-2fc2-4fbd-b21c-7c1eeae0fc60
IMA Classification of HaapalaiteHide
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IMA Formula:
2[(Fe,Ni)S] · 1.61[(Mg,Fe)(OH)2]
Type description reference:
Classification of HaapalaiteHide
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2.FD.30
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
D : With O, OH, H2O
2.14.3.1
2 : SULFIDES
14 : Hydroxysulfides and Hydrated Sulfides
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ha | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of HaapalaiteHide
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Colour:
Bronze-red to light brown
Hardness:
VHN3=9 - 11 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
3.57 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of HaapalaiteHide
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Anisotropism:
Very strong - bronze-gray to grayish white
Colour in reflected light:
Brown
Comments:
Light brown to grayish brown
Chemistry of HaapalaiteHide
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Mindat Formula:
(Fe2+,Ni)2(Mg,Fe2+)1.61S2(OH)3.22
Common Impurities:
Cu,Co,Ca,Al
Crystallography of HaapalaiteHide
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Cell Parameters:
a = 3.64(2) Å, c = 34.02(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
390.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.34 Å | (100) |
| 5.67 Å | (90) |
| 3.18 Å | (80b) |
| 1.841 Å | (70) |
| 1.821 Å | (70) |
| 2.835 Å | (40) |
| 2.59 Å | (40) |
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of HaapalaiteHide
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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Preserved by the Outokumpu Company, Finland.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Muhma, M., Vuorelainen, Y., Häkli, T.A., Papunen, H. (1973) Haapalaite, a new nickel-iron sulphide of the valleriite type from East Finland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland: 45: 103-106.
Synonyms of HaapalaiteHide
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Other Language Names for HaapalaiteHide
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Relationship of Haapalaite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 2.FD. | Ferrovalleriite | 2(Fe,Cu)S · 1.5Fe(OH)2 | Trig. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.FD.05 | Kermesite | Sb2S2O | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 2.FD.10 | Viaeneite | (Fe,Pb)4S8O | Mon. |
| 2.FD.20 | Erdite | NaFeS2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 2.FD.25 | Coyoteite | NaFe3S5 · 2H2O | Tric. |
| 2.FD.30 | Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 | Trig. |
| 2.FD.30 | Yushkinite | (Mg,Al)V4+S2(OH)2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
| 2.FD.30 | Ekplexite | (Nb,Mo,W)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x | Trig. |
| 2.FD.35 | Tochilinite | Fe2+5-6(Mg,Fe2+)5S6(OH)10 | Mon. |
| 2.FD.35 | Ferrotochilinite | Fe2+6(Fe2+,Mg)5S6(OH)10 | Mon. |
| 2.FD.35 | Kaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mg1-xAlx)(OH)2+x | Trig. |
| 2.FD.35 | Manganokaskasite | (Mo,Nb)S2 · (Mn1-xAlx)(OH)2+x | Trig. |
| 2.FD.40 | Wilhelmramsayite | Cu3FeS3 · 2H2O | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P m m m |
| 2.FD.45 | Vyalsovite | FeCaAlS(OH)5 | Orth. |
| 2.FD.50 | Bazhenovite | Ca8S2(S3)(S2O3)(OH)12 · 20H2O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 2.FD.55 | UM2004-56-OS:BiCuPb | PbCu4Bi4S2(O,OH,H2O)16 (?) | Tet. |
Other InformationHide
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Notes:
Etch reactions: iridescent tarnish with HNO3 and HCl, stains dark brown with FeCl3. Negative with other reagents.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for HaapalaiteHide
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References for HaapalaiteHide
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Localities for HaapalaiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
| Australia | |
|---|---|
| Tasmania West Coast municipality Zeehan mining district ⓘ Avebury Nickel Deposit (Avebury mine) ? | Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Finland (TL) | |
| North Savo Kaavi ⓘ Kokka Ni deposit (TL) | Huhma +3 other references |
| Japan | |
| Gifu Prefecture Takayama City ⓘ Kurotani (Kurodani) | Matsubara et al (1991) |
| Sweden | |
| Västmanland County Sala Municipality Sala ⓘ Bronäs mine | Turner (2020) |