Ikaite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

About IkaiteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

For the type locality Ikka Fjord, Greenland (formerly spelled Ika).

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2007:3

bd9ac53f-cc3f-452a-be56-99d7079dd930

IMA Classification of IkaiteHide

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IMA Formula:

Ca(CO3) · 6H2O

Type description reference:

Classification of IkaiteHide

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5.CB.25

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)

15.1.4.1

15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
1 : A(XO3)·xH2O

11.4.5

11 : Carbonates
4 : Carbonates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Physical Properties of IkaiteHide

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Density:

1.77 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.833 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of IkaiteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.455 - 1.460 _n_β = 1.535 - 1.538 _n_γ = 1.545

2V:

Measured: 38° to 45°, Calculated: 30°

δ = 0.090

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

Y = b; Z ∧ c = 17°.

Chemistry of IkaiteHide

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Mindat Formula:

CaCO3 · 6H2O

Crystallography of IkaiteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.87 Å, b = 8.23 Å, c = 11.02 Å
β = 110.2°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.078 : 1 : 1.339

Unit Cell V:

754.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals tabular {001} or pseudomorphous after a rhombohedral carbonate mineral.

Crystal StructureHide

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ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0010853	Ikaite	Hesse K F, Kuppers H, Suess E (1983) Refinement of the structure of ikaite, CaCO3*6(H2O) Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 163 227-231		1983	Bransfield Strait, Antarctica	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Comments:

Synthetic, ICDD 37-416.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Forms in sea water and lake water in anaerobic, organic-rich periglacial and glaciomarine environments near 0°C, readily converting to calcite at higher temperatures.

Type Occurrence of IkaiteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Forms in cold water near freezing point.

Reference:

Pauly, H. (1963): Ikaite, nyt mineral der danner skaer. Naturens Verdens 1963, 168-192.

Synonyms of IkaiteHide

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Other Language Names for IkaiteHide

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Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Other InformationHide

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Special Storage/
Display Requirements:

Readily dehydrates to calcite above 8 °C.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for IkaiteHide

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References for IkaiteHide

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Reference List:

Suess, E., Balzer, W., Hesse, K.-F., Muller, P.J., Ungerer, C.A., and Wefer, G. (1982): Calcium carbonate hexahydrate from organic rich sediments of the Antarctic shelf: precursors of glendonites. Science, 216, 1128–1131.

Bischoff, James L., Stine, Scott, Rosenbauer, Robert J., Fitzpatrick, John A., Stafford, Thomas W. (1993) Ikaite precipitation by mixing of shoreline springs and lake water, Mono Lake, California, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57 (16) 3855-3865 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90339-x

Buchardt, B., Seaman, P., Stockmann, G., Wilken, M.V.U., Duwel, L., Kristiansen, A., Jenner, C., Whiticar, M. J., Kristensen R.M., Petersen, G.H., and Thorbjorn, L. (1997): Submarine columns of ikaite tufa. Nature, 390, 129–130.

Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N. (2008) Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L08501.

Oehlerich, M.B., Sánchez-Pastor, N., Mayr, C., Kremer, B., Griesshaber, E., Schmahl, W.W., Lücke, A., Ohlendorf, C., Zolitschka, B. (2009): On the Study of Natural and Synthetic Ikaite Crystals. Macla, 11, 135-136. [http://www.ehu.es/sem/macla_pdf/macla11/Macla11_135.pdf]

Dieckmann, G.S., Nehrke, G., Uhlig, C., Gottlicher, J., Gerland, S., Granskog, M.A., Thomas, D.N. (2010): Brief Communication: Ikaite (CaCO3.6H2O) discovered in Arctic sea ice. CRYOSPHERE, 4(2), 227-230.

Field, L.P., Milodowski, A.E., Shaw, R.P., Stevens, L.P., Hall, M.R., Kilpatrick, A., Gunn, J., Kemp, S.J., Ellis, M.A. (2017): Unusual morphologies and the occurrence of pseudomorphs after ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) in fast growing, hyperalkaline speleothems. Mineralogical Magazine 81, 565-589.

Németh, P., Töchterle, P., Dublyansky, Y., Stalder, R., Molnár, Z., Klébert, S., Spötl, C. (2021): Tracing structural relicts of the ikaite-to-calcite transformation in cryogenic cave glendonite. American Mineralogist: 106 (in press).

Localities for IkaiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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