Kalsilite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About KalsiliteHide

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Colour:

Colorless, white, gray

Specific Gravity:

2.59 - 2.62

Name:

The name reflects its chemical composition: potassium (latin, kalium), aluminium and silicon.

A feldspathoid, usually rare but a rock-forming component of some potassium-rich silica-deficient igneous rocks.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2142:1

9801a1b6-880a-4002-b987-b2aa3c700881

IMA Classification of KalsiliteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Classification of KalsiliteHide

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9.FA.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
A : Tektosilicates without additional non-tetrahedral anions

76.2.1.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species

16.3.3

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
3 : Aluminosilicates of K

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol Source Reference
Kls IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Kls Kretz (1983) Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Kls Siivolam & Schmid (2007) Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Kls Whitney & Evans (2010) Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Kls The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of KalsiliteHide

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Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colorless, white, gray

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {1010}, {0001}

Density:

2.59 - 2.62 g/cm3 (Measured)

Optical Data of KalsiliteHide

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RI values:

_n_ω = 1.538 - 1.543 _n_ε = 1.532 - 1.537

δ = 0.006

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Chemistry of KalsiliteHide

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Common Impurities:

Fe,Mg,Ca,Na

Crystallography of KalsiliteHide

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Class (H-M):

622 - Trapezohedral

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.1589 Å, c = 8.6682(3) Å

Twinning:

Ubiquitous on a microscopic scale, on {10-10}, {33-65},
and {11-22}.

Comment:

Date from Uchida et al. (2006); previous studies have provided several space groups for kalsilite: P6322 (Bannister and Hey, 1942), P63 (Perrotta et al., 1965), P63mc (Dollase and Freeborn, 1977), and P31c (Cellai et al., 1997).

Crystal StructureHide

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0001874 Kalsilite Cellai D, Bonazzi P, Carpenter M A (1997) Natural kalsilite, KAlSiO4, with P31c symmetry: Crystal structure and twinning American Mineralogist 82 276-279 1997 0 293
0002336 Kalsilite Cellai D, Gesing T M, Wruck B, Carpenter M A (1999) X-ray study of the trigonal-hexagonal phase transition in metamorphic kalsilite American Mineralogist 84 1950-1955 1999 0 293
0005052 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 298
0005053 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 250
0005054 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 200
0005055 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 150
0005056 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 100
0005057 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 175
0005058 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 225
0005059 Kalsilite Gatta G D, Angel R J, Carpenter M A (2010) Low-temperature behavior of natural kalsilite with P31c symmetry: An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study American Mineralogist 95 1027-1034 2010 a granulite facies gneiss from the Punalur district in Kerala, India 0 275
0014424 Kalsilite Andou Y, Kawahara A (1984) The refinement of the structure of synthetic kalsilite Mineralogical Journal 12 153-161 1984 synthetic 0 293
0014429 Kalsilite Kawahara A, Andou Y, Marumo F, Okuno M (1987) The crystal structure of high temperature form of kalsilite (KAlSiO4) at 950 C Mineralogical Journal 13 260-270 1987 0 293
0014442 Kalsilite Perrotta A J, Smith J V (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4 Mineralogical Magazine 35 588-595 1965 Mt. Nyiragongo, Congo 0 293
0014443 Kalsilite Perrotta A J, Smith J V (1965) The crystal structure of kalsilite, KAlSiO4 Mineralogical Magazine 35 588-595 1965 Mt. Nyiragongo, Congo 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set:

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
3.118 Å (100)
2.579 Å (50)
3.973 Å (45)
2.175 Å (17)
2.472 Å (15)
4.351 Å (12)
2.432 Å (10)

Comments:

Data for synthetic material

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of KalsiliteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Colorless grains to 0.1 mm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

  1. The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1942,42.
  2. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 101998.
  3. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 105856.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Bannister, F.A., Hey, M.H. (1942) Kalsilite, a polymorph of KAlSiO4, from Uganda. Mineralogical Magazine: 26: 218-225.

Synonyms of KalsiliteHide

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Other Language Names for KalsiliteHide

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Relationship of Kalsilite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Other InformationHide

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Notes:

Readily attacked by dilute hydrochloric acid giving a gelatinous liquid.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Kalsilite in petrologyHide

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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

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References for KalsiliteHide

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Reference List:

Hovis, G.L., Spearing, D.R., Stebbins, J.F., Roux, J., Clare, A. (1992) X-ray powder diffraction and 23Na, 27Al, and 29Si MAS-NMR investigation of nepheline-kalsilite crystalline solutions. American Mineralogist: 77: 19-29.

Gatta, G.D., Angel, R.J., Zhao, J., Alvaro, M., Rotiroti, N., Carpenter, M.A. (2011) Phase stability, elastic behavior, and pressure-induced structural evolution of kalsilite: A ceramic material and high-T/high-P mineral. American Mineralogist: 96: 1363-1372.

Localities for KalsiliteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica Queen Maud Land ⓘ Straumsvola complex Riley et al. (2009)
ⓘ Tvora complex Riley et al. (2009)
Austria
Styria Südoststeiermark District Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry Exel (1993)
Azerbaijan
Yardymli District ⓘ Pkhrutskii Gupta (2015)
Bermuda
Brazil
Goiás Amorinópolis ⓘ Amorinópolis complex iavcei2004.free.cl (n.d.)
Mato Grosso Juína kimberlite field ⓘ Juina-5 kimberlite pipe Thomson et al. (2014)
ⓘ Minas Gerais Revista Brasileira de Geociências 30 (3)
Santa Catarina ⓘ Lages 1995 +2 other references
Canada
Northwest Territories Lac de Gras Ekati Mine ⓘ Mark Kimberlite Abersteiner et al. (2020)
Nunavut Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island ⓘ Napoleon Bay Hogarth (1997)
Québec Estrie Bromont ⓘ Mont Brome PHILPOTTS et al. (1967)
Chile
Tarapacá Tamarugal Province ⓘ Tarapacá Viejo Zori et al. (2013)
Czech Republic
Prague ⓘ Na Slupi site Ettler et al. (2015)
DR Congo
North Kivu Nyiragongo Territory ⓘ Nyiragongo Volcano Richard +17 other references
ⓘ Kabfumu Sahama et al. (1958)
ⓘ Mount Shaheru Mineralogical Magazine 1957 31 : ... +1 other reference
France
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Sévérac-d'Aveyron ⓘ Lapanouse-de-Sévérac slag locality publication date: November 2018 +2 other references
Germany
Hesse Kassel Region Schwalm-Eder Fritzlar Lohne ⓘ Lohne quarry ? Collection of Walter Göttler
Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Mayen ⓘ Seekante Hentschel (1987)
Vordereifel Ettringen Caspar quarry ⓘ Xenolith CS-050 in the collection of Christof Schäfer
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Löhley Hentschel (1983)
Gerolstein Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf Blaß et al. (2013)
Hillesheim ⓘ Graulay quarry Blass et al. (2001)
Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Feuerberg Blass et al. (2001)
Greenland
Sermersooq Kangerlussuaq Fjord Prinsen af Wales Bjerge ⓘ Batbjerg Mt Brooks et al. (1981) +1 other reference
India
Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam District Paderu ⓘ Borra Gondwana Research 3 (1) +1 other reference
Kerala Kollam District Pathanapuram ⓘ Perunthol-Kakkaponnu Sandiford et al. (1991) +3 other references
Israel
Southern District (HaDarom District) Tamar Regional Council ⓘ Aradite type locality Galuskin et al. (2015)
Hatrurim Basin ⓘ Gurim anticline Galuskina et al. (2017)
ⓘ Mazorite type locality Krzątała et al. (2023)
ⓘ Road no. 31 Galuskina IO
ⓘ Tsomet Hatrurim Galuskin et al. (2016)
Italy
Abruzzo L'Aquila Province Carsoli Pietrasecca ⓘ Grotta del Cervo Bertolani et al. (1994) +2 other references
Campania Metropolitan City of Naples ⓘ Mount Somma [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23
Pollena Trocchia ⓘ Pollena quarries Russo et al. (2004)
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Marino ⓘ Colle Cimino AA. VV.
Sacrofano ⓘ Biachella Valley Mazzi F. (1981)
Rieti Province Rieti Santa Rufina ⓘ Cupaello Quarry F. Stoppa and Y. Liu +6 other references
Viterbo Province ⓘ Montefiascone Di Battistini et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Montefiascone caldera Di Battistini et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri Laurenzi et al. (1994) +8 other references
Terni Province San Venanzo ⓘ Vispi Quarry Mittempergher (1965) +6 other references
Mexico
Jalisco Colima volcanic complex ⓘ Colima volcano (Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Colima) Gupta (2015)
Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation Vapnik et al. (2006)
Mongolia
Töv Province Choir-Nyalga basin ⓘ Nyalga Combustion Metamorphic complex Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Morocco
Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region Aousserd Province ⓘ Awsard massif Bea et al. (2013)
Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries Joachim Esche collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD + EDS)
ⓘ Stalhart volcanic field Koller F et al. (2014)
Norway
Telemark Skien ⓘ Flekkeren Jamtveit et al. (1997)
Pacific Ocean
Magellan Seamounts ⓘ Govorov Guyot Peretyazhko et al. (2022)
Palestine
West Bank Jericho Governorate ⓘ Nabi Musa Galuskina IO
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap ? Kruszewski et al. (Lower Silesian Coal Basin)
Silesian Voivodeship Katowice ⓘ Wełnowiec-Józefowiec Warchulski et al. (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Katowice - Piekary Śląskie area slag dumps Warchulski et al. (2015)
Piekary Śląskie Brzeziny Śląskie Orzeł Biały mine ⓘ Orzeł Biały dumps Warchulski et al. (2015)
Russia
Aldan Shield Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence ⓘ Murunskii Massif [Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
Ditmar stream ⓘ Tausonitovaya Gorka Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references
Irkutsk Oblast ⓘ Malyi Murun Massif (Malomurunskiy; Maly Murun alkaline pluton; Malyy Murun massif) Mitchell et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Arsenatnaya fumarole Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Evenkiysky District ⓘ Kuzmovka complex Sokol et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Lake Baikal area ⓘ Tazheranskii Massif Sklyarov +5 other references
Murmansk Oblast Khibiny Massif ⓘ Eveslogchorr Mt Ageeva et al. (2004)
Koashva Mt ⓘ Koashva Open Pit Khomyakov et al. (2002)
ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt Pekov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Rasvumchorr Mt Ageeva et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rischorr Mt Bea et al. (2014)
Lovozersky District ⓘ Karnasurt Mountain Pakhomovsky et al. (2014)
ⓘ Kedykverpakhk Mountain Pekov et al. (2008)
Sakha Aldan ⓘ Lomam Massif Gupta (2015)
South Africa
Free State Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality Setsoto Local Municipality Clocolan ⓘ Monastery Mine Kamenetsky et al. (2014)
Northern Cape Frances Baard District Municipality Sol Plaatje Local Municipality Kimberley KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine) ⓘ Bultfontein Mine Giuliani et al. (2012)
Spain
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife Candelaria Barranco Hondo ⓘ Lava flow Dill et al. (2023)
Tajikistan
Gorno-Badakhshan ⓘ Dunkeldyksky alkaline complex Solovova et al. (2006, October)
Uganda (TL)
Central Region Gomba ⓘ Kamengo (Chamengo crater) (TL) Bannister et al. (1942)
UK
Scotland Highland Eilean á Chèo Isle of Skye ⓘ Camasunary Beard et al. (2007)
USA
Montana Chouteau County Highwood Mountains ⓘ Lamproitic dike Kuehner et al. (2003, June)