Krennerite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
About KrenneriteHide
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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1877 by Gerhard vom Rath in honor of József Sándor Krenner [March 3, 1839, Buda, Hungary - January 6, 1920, Budapest, Hungary], crystallographer and curator of the Hungarian Mineral Museum and professor at the Technical University of Budapest. Krenner named this mineral "bunsenine" after Robert Bunsen, but vom Rath renamed it as bunsenite had previously been used as a mineral name. Krenner also named semseyite.
Closely related to calaverite.
See also sylvanite. Maximal contents of silver in krennerite are 5-7 wt.%.
Krennerite, Sylvanite, and Calaverite can be easily distinguished by their cleavage or its absence. Krennerite has a perfect cleavage on {001}. Sylvanite has a perfect cleavage on {010}, along the length of the crystal. Calaverite has no cleavage.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2274:9
d50919a1-33bb-4162-b4eb-18df5c832d8e
IMA Classification of KrenneriteHide
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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of KrenneriteHide
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2.EA.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
A : M:S = 1:2 - With Cu, Ag, Au
2.12.13.1
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
3.3.2
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
3 : Sulphides etc. of Au
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Knn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Knn | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of KrenneriteHide
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Hardness:
VHN100=166 - 186 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {001}; Ramdohr (1969) mentions as second "very indistinct" cleavage without specifying orientation.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
8.62 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.86 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of KrenneriteHide
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Anisotropism:
Strong to dark brown
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 44.4% | 50.3% |
| 420nm | 46.8% | 52.5% |
| 440nm | 49.1% | 54.6% |
| 460nm | 51.1% | 56.4% |
| 480nm | 52.6% | 57.7% |
| 500nm | 53.7% | 58.7% |
| 520nm | 56.4% | 59.4% |
| 540nm | 55.1% | 59.9% |
| 560nm | 55.6% | 60.3% |
| 580nm | 56.0% | 60.6% |
| 600nm | 56.4% | 60.7% |
| 620nm | 56.7% | 60.8% |
| 640nm | 57.0% | 60.9% |
| 660nm | 57.2% | 60.9% |
| 680nm | 57.3% | 60.9% |
| 700nm | 57.4% | 60.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 60.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Creamy white
Chemistry of KrenneriteHide
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Crystallography of KrenneriteHide
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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
m _m_2 - Pyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 16.58 Å, b = 8.849 Å, c = 4.464 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.874 : 1 : 0.504
Unit Cell V:
654.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals striated, short prismatic.
Crystallographic forms of KrenneriteHide
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Crystal Atlas:
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Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000052 | Krennerite | Tunell G, Murata K J (1950) The atomic arrangement and chemical composition of krennerite American Mineralogist 35 959-984 |  |
1950 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019042 | Krennerite | Dye M D, Smyth J R (2012) The crystal structure and genesis of krennerite, Au3AgTe8 The Canadian Mineralogist 50 119-127 | 2012 | Cripple Creek, Colorado, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017987 | Krennerite | Tunell G, Ksanda C (1936) The crystal structure of krennerite _cod_database_code 1011091 Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 26 507-527 | 1936 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0015699 | Krennerite | Pertlik F (1984) Crystal chemistry of natural tellurides II: Redetermination of the crystal structure of krennerite, (Au1-xAgx)Te2 with x ~ 0.2 Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 33 253-262 | 1984 | Sacaramb, Romania | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.08 Å | (5) |
| 4.69 Å | (10) |
| 4.47 Å | (5) |
| 3.94 Å | (20) |
| 3.88 Å | (20) |
| 3.03 Å | (100) |
| 2.94 Å | (60) |
| 2.35 Å | (5) |
| 2.23 Å | (50) |
| 2.16 Å | (10) |
| 2.11 Å | (70) |
| 2.07 Å | (40) |
| 2.01 Å | (10) |
| 1.97 Å | (20) |
| 1.92 Å | (20) |
| 1.84 Å | (10) |
| 1.78 Å | (40) |
| 1.74 Å | (10) |
| 1.69 Å | (40) |
| 1.52 Å | (40) |
| 1.50 Å | (5) |
| 1.47 Å | (30) |
| 1.40 Å | (20) |
| 1.35 Å | (40) |
| 1.33 Å | (20) |
| 1.32 Å | (30) |
| 1.268 Å | (30) |
| 1.251 Å | (5) |
| 1.232 Å | (20) |
| 1.212 Å | (20) |
| 1.202 Å | (40) |
| 1.179 Å | (5) |
| 1.165 Å | (4) |
| 1.120 Å | (10) |
| 1.089 Å | (5) |
| 1.082 Å | (20) |
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins with tellurium.
Type Occurrence of KrenneriteHide
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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
Synonyms of KrenneriteHide
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Other Language Names for KrenneriteHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Fluorescence of KrenneriteHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for KrenneriteHide
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References for KrenneriteHide
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Reference List:
Wagner, F. E., Sawicki, J. A., Friedl, J., Mandarino, J. A., Harris, D. C., Cabri, L. J. (1994) 197Au Mössbauer study of the gold–silver ditellurides sylvanite, krennerite and calaverite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 32 (1) 189-201
Xu, W., Zhao, J., Brugger, J., Chen, G., Pring, A. (2013) Mechanism of mineral transformations in krennerite, Au3AgTe8, under hydrothermal conditions. American Mineralogist, 98 (11) 2086-2095 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4485
Kitahara, Ginga, Yoshiasa, Akira, Tokuda, Makoto, Nespolo, Massimo, Hongu, Hidetomo, Momma, Koichi, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Sugiyama, Kazumasa (2022) Crystal structure, XANES and charge distribution investigation of krennerite and sylvanite: analysis of Au—Te and Te—Te bonds in Au1–xAgxTe2 group minerals. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 78 (2) 117-132 doi:10.1107/S2052520622000804
Localities for KrenneriteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.