Nukundamite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About NukundamiteHide
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Empirical formulae are:
Cu3.37Fe0.66S3.97 (type material); Cu3.39Fe0.61S4 (synthetic material).
Name:
Named after the type locality
Nukundamite is stable within a highly limited range of a(Fe2+)/a(H+) activity ratio, S2 and O2 fugacities, at temperatures between 501° and 224°C at very high sulfidation states (Seal et al., 2001; Esra Inan and Einaudi, 2002).
It may be replaced by chalcopyrite and bornite.
One of the Cu-Fe sulfides that has been referred to as the grandfathered but inadequately described idaite; type locality nukundamite was first called "idaite" (cf. Rice et al., 1979).
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2942:7
72128094-74af-4a25-ba1c-9bfa493829b8
IMA Classification of NukundamiteHide
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Type description reference:
Classification of NukundamiteHide
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2.CA.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
A : With Cu
2.9.15.1
2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
3.1.30
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Nuk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of NukundamiteHide
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Hardness:
VHN100=103 - 110 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Perfect
(0001) perfect
Optical Data of NukundamiteHide
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Anisotropism:
Very strong, pale green-grey colors
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 15.4% | 23.8% |
| 420nm | 14.9% | 23.8% |
| 440nm | 14.3% | 23.8% |
| 460nm | 14.1% | 23.6% |
| 480nm | 14.0% | 23.7% |
| 500nm | 14.1% | 23.7% |
| 520nm | 14.7% | 23.7% |
| 540nm | 15.8% | 23.7% |
| 560nm | 17.1% | 23.8% |
| 580nm | 18.7% | 23.9% |
| 600nm | 20.4% | 24.0% |
| 620nm | 22.1% | 24.7% |
| 640nm | 24.0% | 26.1% |
| 660nm | 25.7% | 27.9% |
| 680nm | 27.3% | 30.0% |
| 700nm | 28.7% | 30.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 30.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Reddish-orange to pale grey
Chemistry of NukundamiteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Cu3.33Fe0.66S4
Empirical formulae are:
Cu3.37Fe0.66S3.97 (type material); Cu3.39Fe0.61S4 (synthetic material).
Crystallography of NukundamiteHide
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Class (H-M):
3_m_ _(_32/m ) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.782(4) Å, c = 11.187(8) Å
Unit Cell V:
138.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
hexagonal plates, dendritic aggregates
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000828 | Nukundamite | Sugaki A, Shima H, Kitakaze A, Mizota T (1981) Hydrothermal synthesis of nukundamite and its crystal structure American Mineralogist 66 398-402 |  |
1981 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.143 Å | (100) |
| 2.826 Å | (70) |
| 1.891 Å | (60) |
| 1.847 Å | (55) |
| 2.796 Å | (45) |
| 3.273 Å | (30) |
| 1.568 Å | (25) |
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of NukundamiteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Masses, dendritic aggregates, lamellae in sphalerite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1974,5, E1455; National
Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 148128.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Kuroko-type ore deposit. Cavity fills in pyrite breccia,alteration of chalcopyrite, lamellae in sphalerite.
Reference:
Rice, C.M., Atkin, D., Bowles, J.F.W., Criddle, A.J. (1979) Nukundamite, a new mineral, and idaite. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 193-200.
Synonyms of NukundamiteHide
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Other Language Names for NukundamiteHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for NukundamiteHide
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References for NukundamiteHide
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Localities for NukundamiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.