Spionkopite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About SpionkopiteHide
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"Extended" formula is Cu+15Cu2+4.5(S2)2S10 (Goble, 1985).
Specific Gravity:
5.13 (Calculated)
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, the Spionkop Creek valley, Alberta, Canada.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3730:9
d8d3fa54-a859-4c49-b87b-b8910a5a8299
IMA Classification of SpionkopiteHide
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Classification of SpionkopiteHide
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2.CA.05c
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
A : With Cu
2.4.7.7
2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
3.1.6
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Spi | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Spi | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of SpionkopiteHide
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Hardness:
VHN15=63 - 93 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
5.13 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of SpionkopiteHide
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Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 | imR1 | imR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 26.1% | 33.4% | 13.1% | 19.9% |
| 420nm | 25.8% | 32.9% | 12.5% | 19.3% |
| 440nm | 25.1% | 32.3% | 11.7% | 18.6% |
| 460nm | 24.2% | 31.45% | 10.6% | 17.4% |
| 470nm | 23.6% | 31.0% | 10.0% | 16.8% |
| 480nm | 23.0% | 30.5% | 9.46% | 16.2% |
| 500nm | 21.8% | 29.5% | 8.32% | 15.1% |
| 520nm | 20.5% | 28.5% | 7.38% | 14.1% |
| 540nm | 19.0% | 27.4% | 6.39% | 13.0% |
| 546nm | 18.6% | 27.1% | 6.10% | 12.3% |
| 560nm | 17.6% | 26.4% | 5.49% | 12.1% |
| 580nm | 16.3% | 25.4% | 4.64% | 11.3% |
| 589nm | 15.6% | 24.9% | 4.27% | 10.9% |
| 600nm | 14.9% | 24.45% | 3.86% | 10.6% |
| 620nm | 13.6% | 23.8% | 3.21% | 10.1% |
| 640nm | 12.4% | 23.8% | 2.63% | 10.2% |
| 650nm | 11.8% | 24.05% | 2.37% | 10.3% |
| 660nm | 11.2% | 24.3% | 2.12% | 10.6% |
| 680nm | 10.0% | 24.55% | 1.75% | 10.7% |
| 700nm | 9.06% | 24.3% | 1.55% | 10.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 33.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Comments:
Distinguished from yarrowite because yarrowite is a darker shade of blue and is more strongly bireflectant and anisotropic.
Chemistry of SpionkopiteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Cu39S28
"Extended" formula is Cu+15Cu2+4.5(S2)2S10 (Goble, 1985).
Crystallography of SpionkopiteHide
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Class (H-M):
622 - Trapezohedral
Cell Parameters:
a = 22.962 Å, c = 41.429 Å
Unit Cell V:
18,917.10 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Possible space group is _P_-3_m_1.
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.955 Å | (8) |
| 5.324 Å | (5) |
| 5.032 Å | (15) |
| 4.653 Å | (5) |
| 3.681 Å | (20) |
| 3.530 Å | (5) |
| 3.408 Å | (8) |
| 3.278 Å | (15) |
| 3.223 Å | (5) |
| 3.076 Å | (85) |
| 2.964 Å | (8) |
| 2.926 Å | (5) |
| 2.849 Å | (20) |
| 2.777 Å | (30) |
| 2.592 Å | (5) |
| 2.517 Å | (20) |
| 2.483 Å | (5) |
| 2.386 Å | (20) |
| 2.297 Å | (25) |
| 2.185 Å | (8) |
| 2.123 Å | (8) |
| 2.060 Å | (8) |
| 1.965 Å | (12) |
| 1.910 Å | (100) |
| 1.820 Å | (30) |
| 1.738 Å | (12) |
| 1.684 Å | (8) |
| 1.622 Å | (20) |
| 1.573 Å | (12) |
| 1.473 Å | (15) |
| 1.424 Å | (8) |
| 1.406 Å | (8) |
| 1.386 Å | (8) |
| 1.361 Å | (8) |
| 1.321 Å | (12) |
| 1.241 Å | (12) |
| 1.151 Å | (5) |
| 1.104 Å | (12) |
| 1.089 Å | (12) |
| 1.065 Å | (8) |
| 1.032 Å | (8) |
| 0.9880 Å | (12) |
| 0.9568 Å | (12) |
| 0.9124 Å | (8) |
| 0.8823 Å | (8) |
| 0.8156 Å | (5) |
| 0.7982 Å | (5) |
Comments:
Note: There are about 12 d-values of low intensity (<20) in each of the species which distinguish spionkopite from yarrowite. Therefore, the total of about 25 independent lines present or not present may be an aid in distinguishing the two species using XRD. XRD data from: Goble, R. J. (1980) COPPER SULFIDES FROM ALBERTA: YARROWITE Cu9S8 AND SPIONKOPITE Cu39S28, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 18, pp. 511-518.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of SpionkopiteHide
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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada.
Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 122290. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 149430, 149431.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Selective replacement of small (~0.5 mm diameter) spheroidal quartz aggregates, feldspar grains, fractured quartz grains and carbonate cement within sandstones and quartzites of a redbed formation, a marginal continental, shallow water sequence.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of SpionkopiteHide
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Other Language Names for SpionkopiteHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Fluorescence of SpionkopiteHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for SpionkopiteHide
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References for SpionkopiteHide
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Localities for SpionkopiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
| Argentina | |
|---|---|
| Córdoba Province Colón Department Calera Norte District La Calera Dumesnil ⓘ Malpaso Quarry | Colombo et al. (2011) |
| Río Negro Province Valcheta Department San Martin pluton ⓘ San Martín Mine | GOZALVEZ |
| Salta Province Iruya Department ⓘ La Esperanza Mine | de Brodtkorb et al. (2016) |
| Santa Cruz Province Magallanes Department ⓘ Martha mine | Páez et al. (2016) |
| Atlantic Ocean | |
| Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex Ashadze hydrothermal area ⓘ Ashadze 1 | Firstova et al. (2016) |
| ⓘ Logatchev-1 hydrothermal field | Gablina et al. (2006) |
| ⓘ Petersburgskoe hydrothermal field | Gablina et al. (2017) |
| Rainbow Massif ⓘ Rainbow hydrothermal field | New Data on Minerals (2004) |
| Semenov region ⓘ Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field | Firstova et al. (2019) |
| ⓘ Zenith–Victoria hydrothermal field | Gablina et al. (2017) |
| Australia | |
| New South Wales Robinson Co. Cobar ⓘ Endeavor Mine (Elura Mine) | Leverett et al. (2005) |
| Queensland City of Mount Isa Gunpowder District Mount Gordon ⓘ Esperanza Z5 Mine (Esperanza deposit) | Richardson et al. (1997) |
| South Australia Pastoral Unincorporated Area Olympic Dam ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine | Ciobanu et al. (2017) |
| Western Australia Wiluna Shire Mount Keith ⓘ Mount Keith Open Pit | Grguric (2003) |
| Austria | |
| Styria Deutschlandsberg District Eibiswald Soboth Krumbach ⓘ Galena occurrence ? | Postl et al. (2013) |
| Graz Innere Stadt Schlossberg ⓘ Ag-Ag-Cu mineralisation | Bojar et al. (1999) |
| Murtal District Spielberg ⓘ Flatschach | Leitner (2013) |
| ⓘ Cu deposit (Schönberg) | Raith et al. (2015) |
| ⓘ Brunngraben district | Jakely (Hrsg.) |
| Weißenbach district (Flatschachgraben; Weißenbachgraben) ⓘ Brandegger Mine | Raith et al. (2015) |
| Voitsberg District Krems ⓘ Schlossberg | Moser & Postl (1990) +1 other reference |
| Belgium | |
| Wallonia Luxembourg ⓘ Vielsalm | Hatert et al. (2014) |
| Canada (TL) | |
| Alberta Pincher Creek Yarrow Creek-Spionkop Creek deposit ⓘ Spionkop Creek (TL) | Goble (1980) +1 other reference |
| ⓘ Yarrow Creek | Goble (1980) +1 other reference |
| Nova Scotia Colchester Co. ⓘ Five Islands | Sabina (2015) +1 other reference |
| Lunenburg Co. New Ross ⓘ Walker Moly prospect (New Russell prospect) | Sabina (2015) +1 other reference |
| Ontario Algoma District Gould Township ⓘ Cheney Mine | Sabina (1991) |
| Plummer Additional Township Bruce Mines ⓘ Taylor Mine | Sabina |
| Rainy River District Little Turtle Lake Area ⓘ Port Arthur Mine | Sabina (1991) |
| China | |
| Fujian Longyan Shanghang Co. Zijinshan ore field ⓘ Zijinshan Mine | Huang et al. (2014) |
| Jiangxi Jiujiang Jiujiang Co. ⓘ Chengmenshan Mine | Guo et al. (2023) |
| Tibet Ngari Gêrzê Co. Duolong ore field ⓘ Southern Tiegelong deposit | YANG et al. (2014) |
| Czech Republic | |
| Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District Abertamy Hřebečná ⓘ Maurizi Mine (St. Maurizius shaft; Mauritius Mine; Beer Mine) | Sejkora et al. (2021) |
| Moravian-Silesian Region Bruntál District Rýmařov ⓘ Skály | Dolníček et al. (2019) |
| DR Congo | |
| Lualaba Mutshatsha Kolwezi ⓘ Musonoi Mine | Canadian Mineralogist 46 (2008) +1 other reference |
| Germany | |
| Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine | Walenta (1992) |
| Rottweil Schenkenzell Wittichen Böckelsbach valley ⓘ Neuglück Mine | Walenta (1992) |
| Burgfelsen ⓘ Johann Mine | |
| Gallenbach valley ⓘ Daniel Mine | Walenta (1992) |
| Heubach Valley ⓘ Anton Mine | |
| Waldshut Dachsberg Urberg ⓘ Gottesehre Mine | Walenta (1992) |
| St Blasien Menzenschwand ⓘ Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit | Walenta (1992) |
| Karlsruhe Region Calw ⓘ Neubulach | Walenta (1992) |
| ⓘ Freudenstadt | Walenta (1992) |
| Pforzheim Würm ⓘ Käfersteige Mine ? | Walenta (1992) |
| Bavaria Lower Franconia Aschaffenburg District Kleinkahl Großkahl ⓘ Hilfe Gottes Mine | Wittern (2001) |
| Westerngrund Huckelheim ⓘ Segen Gottes Mine | Schmitt (1993) |
| Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberschulenberg ⓘ Glücksrad Mine | Lapis (1) |
| Rhineland-Palatinate Birkenfeld Birkenfeld Sonnenberg-Winnenberg ⓘ Rosa Mine | Roger Lang analyses/research 1994-1998 |
| Herrstein-Rhaunen Fischbach ⓘ Hosenberg copper mine | Scheiderhöhn & Kautzsch 1936 |
| Saxony-Anhalt ⓘ Mansfeld Basin | Wittern (2001) |
| Schleswig-Holstein Helgoland ⓘ North Coast (Felswatt; incl. Lange Anna) | Markus Gerstmann - Collection |
| Greece | |
| ⓘ Pindos ophiolite complex | Eliopoulos +3 other references |
| India | |
| Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Division Balaghat District Baihar Malanjkand ⓘ Malanjkhand Mine | Sikka et al. (1991) |
| Indonesia | |
| West Java Province Bogor Regency ⓘ Gunung Pongkor Mine | The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41 (2003) |
| Iran | |
| East Azerbaijan Province Shabestar County ⓘ Nahand-Ivand area | Sadati et al. (2016) |
| Yazd Province Ardakan County Kharanaq District Zarrin Rural District ⓘ Baryte deposit | www.fos.ut.ac.ir (2004) +2 other references |
| Ireland | |
| Munster Kerry County Killarney Lough Leane ⓘ Ross Island | Ixer |
| Italy | |
| Lombardy Sondrio Province Val Masino ⓘ Mello Pass | AA. VV. |
| Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) Pfitsch (Val di Vizze) Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo) Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch) ⓘ Rinnerlahner | Folie et al. (2010) |
| Papua New Guinea | |
| Central Province Astrolabe mineral field ⓘ Federal Flag Mine (Astrolabe mine) | Noku et al. (2012) |
| Poland | |
| Lower Silesian Voivodeship Głogów County Gmina Jerzmanowa Bądzów ⓘ SW-1'Jan Wyżykowski' shaft | Jadwiga PIECZONKA et al. (2008) |
| ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district | Piestrzyński et al. (2012) |
| Lubin County ⓘ Lubin | Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ... +1 other reference |
| Polkowice County Gmina Polkowice ⓘ Polkowice | Kucha (2021) |
| Gmina Radwanice Sieroszowice ⓘ Sieroszowice S-1 borehole | Oszczepalski et al. (2017) |
| Lubusz Voivodeship Nowa Sól County ⓘ Stypułów K-13 borehole | Oszczepalski et al. (2017) |
| Romania | |
| Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Sasca Montană | Szakáll (2002) |
| Russia | |
| Sakha Aldan ⓘ Lebedinoe Au Deposit (Nezametnyi Mine) | Nenasheva et al. (2011) |
| Tuva Tes-Khemsky District ⓘ Agardag ultramafic massif | Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Kershor Complex ⓘ Vasilinovskoe ore occurrence | Vikentyev et al. (2023) |
| Labytnangi ⓘ Ozernoe Occurrence | Murzin et al. (2022) |
| Slovakia | |
| Banská Bystrica Region Banská Bystrica District Banská Bystrica ⓘ Lazina | Vlasáč J. et al. (2018) |
| Brusno ⓘ Brzáčka ore occurrence | Hoppanová et al. (2024) |
| Spain | |
| Aragon Zaragoza Épila Valdechurlinos ravine ⓘ Esperanza mine | Calvo (2008) |
| Catalonia Lleida Pallars Jussà La Vall Fosca La Torre de Cabdella Castell-estaó ⓘ Eureka mine | Castillo et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Sweden | |
| Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine | Holtstam et al. (1999) |
| Switzerland | |
| Glarus Glarus Nord Mürtschenalp Chalttal area ⓘ Grosses Chalttal | Malcherek et al. (2024) |
| Grisons Surselva Region Tujetsch Val Curnera ⓘ Cavradi gorge | Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Valais Sierre Anniviers Chandolin ⓘ Chandolin Alp | Ansermet (2012) |
| Saint-Luc ⓘ Upper Tignausa vein | Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| UK | |
| England Leicestershire Hinckley and Bosworth Stanton under Bardon Cliffe Hill Quarry ⓘ New Cliffe Hill Quarry | Ixer et al. (2005) |
| North Somerset Clevedon ⓘ Clevedon Beach | Ixer et al. (1993) |
| North Yorkshire Craven Settle - Malham Area ⓘ Scaleber Bridge | [J.Russell Soc. 1998:41] |
| Warwickshire Nuneaton and Bedworth ⓘ Judkins Quarry | Ixer et al. (2005) |
| Scotland Highland Loch Kishorn ⓘ Rassal | Faithfull et al. (2012) |
| Wales Conwy Llandudno Great Orme ⓘ Old Mine | Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : ... +1 other reference |
| Isle of Anglesey Amlwch ⓘ Parys Mountain Mines | |
| Powys Old Radnor ⓘ Dolyhir Quarry | Cotterell et al. (2011) |
| USA | |
| Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee | Graeme (1993) |
| ⓘ Campbell Mine | Graeme (1993) +1 other reference |
| ⓘ Juniper Flats | Rob Bowell |
| ⓘ Unnamed prospects | Robert Bowell and Rolf Luetcke |
| California San Bernardino County Ivanpah Mining District Ivanpah Mountains Kessler Peak ⓘ Morning Star Mine | Ronald Wynn Sheets et al. (1995) |
| Colorado Park County Alma Mining District Mount Bross ⓘ Sweet Home Mine | Min News 20:9 pp1 |
| Nevada Humboldt County Buffalo Mountain Mining District ⓘ Lone Tree Mine | Castor et al. (2004) |
| Lander County Battle Mountain Mining District ⓘ Copper Basin | Moore-Roth (2012) |
| New Jersey Sussex County ⓘ Franklin Mining District ? | Modris Baum |
| New York St. Lawrence County De Kalb ⓘ De Kalb | Dana's New Mineralogy |
| ⓘ Geerite locality | Goble et al. (1980) |
| Virginia Charlotte County ⓘ Virgilina Mining District | Dietrich (1990) |
| Halifax County ⓘ Virgilina Mining District | Dietrich (1990) |