Thortveitite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
About ThortveititeHide
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Often contains Y (and minor HREE) replacing Sc.
Colour:
Greyish-green, black, grey, blue, yellow, brown
Specific Gravity:
3.27 - 3.58
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1911 by Jakob Grubbe Cock Schetelig in honour of Gunder Olaus Olsen Thortveit (1 October 1872, Thortveit, Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway - 15 June 1917, Rossås, Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway), feldspar and mineral exporter from Iveland, Norway.
The mineral was first found in 1903 by the Norwegian geologist Per (Peder) Elisæus Schei (1875–1905) in Beryllbruddet (The Beryl Quarry)", Landsverk, Evje, Norway, but the sample was labelled by him as "epidote". Later, in 1910, Olaus Thortveit sent some samples of the mineral from another locality, from a quarry at Ljosland, Iveland, Norway to Professor Schetelig who recognized it as a new mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Thortveitite.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3950:1
3e76c4af-b5a6-47e2-a86a-9b39ae415f6d
IMA Classification of ThortveititeHide
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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Type description reference:
Classification of ThortveititeHide
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9.BC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
55.2.1a.4
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
14.8.5
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
8 : Silicates of Group III metals other than Al
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tvt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of ThortveititeHide
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Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Greyish-green, black, grey, blue, yellow, brown
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.27 - 3.58 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.32 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of ThortveititeHide
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RI values:
_n_α = 1.756 _n_β = 1.793 _n_γ = 1.809
2V:
Measured: 65° , Calculated: 64°
δ = 0.053
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Dispersion:
distinct to strong
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ c = 5°.
Comments:
X = deep green; Y = Z = brownish yellow in thick grains.
Comments:
Absorption: X >= Y = Z.
Chemistry of ThortveititeHide
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Mindat Formula:
Sc2Si2O7
Often contains Y (and minor HREE) replacing Sc.
Common Impurities:
Zr,Hf,Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Ce,TR
Chemical AnalysisHide
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Sample references:
Crystallography of ThortveititeHide
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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.65 Å, b = 8.61 Å, c = 4.68 Å
β = 102.2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.772 : 1 : 0.544
Unit Cell V:
261.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Twinning:
Common: twinning axis normal to (110), twinning plane (110).
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001160 | Thortveitite | Bianchi R, Pilati T, Diella V, Gamaccioli C M, Mannucci G (1988) A re-examination of thortveitite Sample 1 from Iveland American Mineralogist 73 601-607 |  |
1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001161 | Thortveitite | Bianchi R, Pilati T, Diella V, Gamaccioli C M, Mannucci G (1988) A re-examination of thortveitite Sample 2 from Setesdalen American Mineralogist 73 601-607 | |
1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001162 | Thortveitite | Bianchi R, Pilati T, Diella V, Gamaccioli C M, Mannucci G (1988) A re-examination of thortveitite Sample 3 from Flat, Evje American Mineralogist 73 601-607 | |
1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001163 | Thortveitite | Bianchi R, Pilati T, Diella V, Gamaccioli C M, Mannucci G (1988) A re-examination of thortveitite Sample 4 from Malagasy Republic American Mineralogist 73 601-607 | |
1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018032 | Thortveitite | Zachariasen W (1930) The structure of thortveitite, Sc2 Si O7 _cod_database_code 1011147 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 73 1-6 | 1930 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.14 Å | (100) |
| 2.965 Å | (65) |
| 5.18 Å | (60) |
| 2.596 Å | (50) |
| 3.18 Å | (45) |
| 2.627 Å | (30) |
| 2.200 Å | (25) |
Comments:
Tuftane, Norway.
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of ThortveititeHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals to >25 cm long and 4 cm thick. In radial rosettes.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical-Geological Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, number 22340 and 20 other specimens (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Schetelig, J. (1911) Über Thortveitit, ein neues Mineral. Vorläufige Mitteilung. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie: 721-726.
Other Language Names for ThortveititeHide
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Simplified Chinese:钪钇石
Traditional Chinese:鈧釔石
Varieties of ThortveititeHide
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| Befanamite | A variety of thortveitite with a higher content of scandium and zirconium and a lower content of yttrium.First discovered in 1918, in the eluvials of the Befanamo pegmatite, Madagascar by the prospector J. B. Rasamoel. The sample was a 10 x 3 cm fragmen... |
|---|
Relationship of Thortveitite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 18 photos of Thortveitite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
|---|---|
| 9 photos of Thortveitite associated with Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 9 photos of Thortveitite associated with Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| 7 photos of Thortveitite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 5 photos of Thortveitite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 5 photos of Thortveitite associated with Aeschynite-(Y) | (Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6 |
| 4 photos of Thortveitite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 4 photos of Thortveitite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Thortveitite associated with Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| 3 photos of Thortveitite associated with Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Other InformationHide
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Notes:
Powdered material is partially decomposed by concentrated HCl, without gelatinization.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for ThortveititeHide
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References for ThortveititeHide
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Reference List:
Bianchi, Riccardo, Pilati, Tullio, Diella, Valeria, Gramacciou, Carlo Maria, Mannucci, Gregorio (1988) A re-examination of thortveitite. American Mineralogist, 73 (5-6) 601-607
Foord, E. E., Birmingham, S. D., Demartin, F., Pilati, T., Gramaccioli, C. M., Lichte, F. E. (1993) Thortveitite and associated Sc-bearing minerals from Ravalli County, Montana. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31 (2) 337-346 doi:10.3749/1499-1276-31.2.337
Gramaccioli, C. M., Diella, V., Demartin, F., Orlandi, P., Campostrini, I. (2000) Cesian bazzite and thortveitite from Cuasso al Monte, Varese, Italy: A comparison with the material from Baveno, and inferred origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (6) 1409-1418 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.6.1409
Allix, M., Alba, M. D., Florian, P., Fernandez-Carrion, A. J., Suchomel, M. R., Escudero, A., Suard, E., Becerro, A. I. (2011) Structural elucidation of β-(Y,Sc)2Si2O7: combined use of 89Y MAS NMR and powder diffraction. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 44 (4). 846-852 doi:10.1107/s0021889811021303
Guastoni, A., Nestola, F., Ferraris, C., Parodi, G. (2012) Xenotime-(Y) and Sn-rich thortveitite in miarolitic pegmatites from Baveno, Southern Alps, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (3) 761-767 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.23
Localities for ThortveititeHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.