Tobermorite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

About TobermoriteHide

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Formula:

Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)

Specific Gravity:

2.423 - 2.458

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named after its discovery locality, Tobermory, Isle of Mull, Scotland. Tobermorite was first described by Heddle (1880) from four Scottish localities, three near Tobermory, Isle of Mull and the fourth being Dunvegan, Isle of Skye. Heddle's material was examinated with XRD by Claringbull & Hey (1952), and found that the powder XRD pattern was characterized by a 11.3 Å basal reflection. After McConnell (1954) the name tobermorite was used for the C-S-H phases having a 11 Å basal spacing. Further studies of crystal structures of "tobermorites" (Merlino et al. 1999, 2000, 2001) showed that tobermorite is actually a series between two endmembers, Ca4Si6O15(OH)2·5H2O and Ca5Si6O17·5H2O. Tobermorite was consequently redefined into two species, tobermorite and clinotobermorite, respectively by IMA in 2014 (Biagioni et al 2015).

Tobermorite has been redefined by IMA in 2014 as two minerals: tobermorite and kenotobermorite.

Some specimens of Tobermorite-11 Å shrink on dehydration and are called "normal tobermorite", while others do not shrink and are therefore called "anomalous".

May appear visually similar to Tacharanite.

Note: All localities listed here under "tobermorite" should be checked if they are to be assigned to tobermorite or kenotobermorite.

Compare paratobermorite, with an untypical space group setting.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3985:3

ef26f637-9b2e-4fd4-99d3-2a51706c8f5c

IMA Classification of TobermoriteHide

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IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

Approval history:

Renamed by IMA: 2014

Type description reference:

Classification of TobermoriteHide

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9.DG.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains

72.3.2.1

72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
3 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 3-, 4-, or 5-membered rings and 8-membered rings

14.5.23

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Physical Properties of TobermoriteHide

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Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Comment:

silky in fibrous aggregates.

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}, imperfect on {100}.

Density:

2.423 - 2.458 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.49 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of TobermoriteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.570(2) _n_β = 1.571(2) _n_γ = 1.575(2)

δ = 0.005

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Chemistry of TobermoriteHide

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Mindat Formula:

Ca4Si6O17(H2O)2 · (Ca · 3H2O)

Common Impurities:

Al,Fe,Mg,Na,K,H2O

Crystallography of TobermoriteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2 - Sphenoidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.17 Å, b = 7.38 Å, c = 27.94 Å
β = 90°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.514 : 1 : 3.786

Unit Cell V:

2,303.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of TobermoriteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1937,1490; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 119008.

Reference:

Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A) Heddle, M.F. (1880) Preliminary notice of substances which may prove to be new minerals. Mineralogical Magazine: 4: 117-123.

Synonyms of TobermoriteHide

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Other Language Names for TobermoriteHide

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Simplified Chinese:雪硅钙石

Traditional Chinese:雪矽鈣石

Relationship of Tobermorite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Other InformationHide

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Thermal Behaviour:

the 11Å phase dehydrates in the 100-300oC range; at ~300oC it is replaced by the 9Å phase, which undergoes dehydroxylation in the 300-700oC range; from here wollastonite starts to form

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TobermoriteHide

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References for TobermoriteHide

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Reference List:

Matsui, K., Ogawa, A., Kikuma, J., Tsunashima, M., Ishikawa, T., Matsuno, S. (2011) In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction of tobermorite formation process under hydrothermal condition: Influence of reactive al compound. Powder Diffraction, 26 (2) 134-137 doi:10.1154/1.3591049

Localities for TobermoriteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Australia
Tasmania Central Highlands municipality Liawenee ⓘ Liawenee canal	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Shannon Tier	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Circular Head municipality Cape Grim district ⓘ Cape Grim	Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference
Marrawah district Redpa ⓘ Redpa quarry	www.crocoite.com (2003)
Kentish municipality Moina - Middlesex District ⓘ Mt Stormont	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Meander Valley municipality Upper Mersey Valley ⓘ Gads Hill	www.crocoite.com (2001)
Victoria Rural City of Benalla ⓘ Chesney Vale ?	Henry (1999)
Austria
Styria Südoststeiermark District Feldbach Mühldorf bei Feldbach ⓘ Steinberg	Postl et al. (1996)
Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Exel (1993) +1 other reference
Azerbaijan
Baku City ⓘ Bulla Island	Novgorodova M.I. (caspian Sea)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska Doboj ⓘ Spa Kulaski	Stojanovic et al. (1974)
Canada
Québec Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine ⓘ Mine Lac d'Amiante (Lake Asbestos Mine; "LAB Mine"; "Black Lake Mine")	Canadian Museum of Nature & Horvath ...
Chile
Aisén Aisén Province ⓘ Puyuhuapi	Aguirre et al. (1998)
China
Hebei Baoding Laiyuan County ⓘ Zhijiazhuang Mine	Cao Zhengmin et al. (1986)
Handan She County ⓘ Fushan Mine	Cao Zhengmin et al. (1987)
Cuba
Cienfuegos Province ⓘ Arimao-Norte Skarn	А.Е.Задов и др. Новые ... +1 other reference
Czech Republic
Liberec Region Česká Lípa District Cvikov ⓘ Křížový vrch	Pauliš et al. (2023)
Ústí nad Labem Region Ústí nad Labem District ⓘ Velké Březno	Z.Dvořák (čas. Minerál 2/2009)
Vysočina Region Havlíčkův Brod District Krucemburk ⓘ Staré Ransko	Pauliš
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Clermont-Ferrand Beaumont ⓘ Boisséjour	XRD analysis (B. Devouard and E. Médard, Clermont-Ferrand)
Saint-Jean-des-Ollières ⓘ Bussiole quarry (Busséol quarry)	Boisson et al. (2014)
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Espalion ⓘ Puech de Vermus	Boutry et al. (1986)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Forcalquier Saint-Maime ⓘ Saint-Maime mines	Favreau G. et al. (2004)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Tuttlingen Immendingen ⓘ Höwenegg Quarry (Hewenegg Quarry)	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Pöllmann (1991)
Hesse Darmstadt Darmstadt-Dieburg Roßdorf ⓘ Roßberg Quarry	Zeolite collection of Volker Betz
Wetteraukreis Ortenberg ⓘ Gaulsberg quarry	Kolitsch (1997)
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Adenau Hoffeld ⓘ Burgkopf	Hentschel (1987)
Mayen-Koblenz Mayen ⓘ Mayener Feld	Hentschel et al. (1983)
Seekante ⓘ Xenolith CS-008	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
Mendig Bell ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry	Hentschel (1983)
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel (1978)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-036 (Vondechenite-bearing xenolith)	in the collection of Christof Schäfer
Kottenheim ⓘ Hufnagel	Hentschel (1983)
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg	Hentschel (1983)
Gerolstein Walsdorf Zilsdorf ⓘ Arensberg	Hentschel (1973) +1 other reference
Hungary
Veszprém County Sümeg District Bazsi Prága Hill ⓘ Karikás Hill quarry (Kalapos Hill)	Kovács-Pálffy (2005)
Sümeg ⓘ Sarvaly Hill quarry	Kónya-MÁFI
Tapolca District Uzsa ⓘ Láz Hill mine	Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec. +1 other reference
Zalahaláp ⓘ Halápi Hill (Haláp Hill)	Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec. +1 other reference
Iceland
Southern Region Vestmannaeyjar Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands) Surtsey Island ⓘ Grillid (Cave S-4)	Jakobsson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Unnamed borehole	JAKOBSSON et al. (1986) +2 other references
Israel
Southern District (HaDarom District) Tamar Regional Council Hatrurim Basin ⓘ Aravaite type locality	Britvin et al. (2021)
ⓘ Mazorite type locality	Krzątała et al. (2023)
Italy
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ⓘ Alban Hills	Caponera et al. (2007)
Campagnano di Roma ⓘ S. Angelo Mount	Stoppani et al. (1982)
Rome Valleranello ⓘ Vallerano Quarries	Pucci (2004)
Viterbo Province Montalto di Castro Pietra Massa Locality ⓘ Campomorto Quarry	Passaglia et al. (1982)
Piedmont Alessandria Province Molare Olbicella ⓘ Rio Pian del Foco
Sicily Metropolitan City of Catania ⓘ Palagonia	Sicurella et al. (2010)
ⓘ Mount Caliella	Sicurella et al. (2010)
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) Trento Province (Trentino) Avio ⓘ Malga Cola	Exel (1980) +1 other reference
Brentonico ⓘ Prà de la Stua	Gottardi G. (1965) +1 other reference
Mori Pannone ⓘ Biaena Mount	G. Gottardi (1967)
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri	Wheeler et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Veneto Padova Province Cinto Euganeo Faedo Monte Fasolo ⓘ Case Berton Quarry	Passaglia et al. (1995) +2 other references
Galzignano Terme ⓘ Monte delle Basse	Fabio Tosato et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Vicenza Province Altavilla Vicentina ⓘ Altavilla Quarry	Antonio Zordan collection
Altissimo Del Tesoro Mountain ⓘ Contrada Cocco	Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
Cornedo Vicentino Spagnago ⓘ Grolla quarry	50. +2 other references
Crespadoro Chiampo Valley ⓘ "La Piatta" Quarry	Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
Gambellara S. Marco hill ⓘ Basalt quarry	"Minerali del Vicentino - La natrolite" ...
Posina Punta della Lucche ⓘ Nido d'Aquila Quarry	Boscardin M. et al. (2011)
Rotzo ⓘ Castelletto di Rotzo	Boscardin et al. (2011) +2 other references
San Vito di Leguzzano-Schio ⓘ Smiderle valley	Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza)
Japan
Chiba Prefecture Awa District Tawara-mura ⓘ Kamogawa Mine	- (n.d.)
Minamiboso City Tomiyama-machi ⓘ Heguri	Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) +1 other reference
Fukushima Prefecture ⓘ Koriyama City	Matsuyama (2001)
Kanagawa Prefecture Ashigarakami District Yamakita ⓘ Hokizawa (Hookizawa)	- (n.d.)
Kochi Prefecture Kochi City Rendai ⓘ Tanaka Olivine Mining Co. quarry	Mineralogical Journal Vol. 13 (1986)
Mie Prefecture Ise City ⓘ Suisho-dani	Minakawa et al. (1986)
Toba City ⓘ Shiraki	Yamada (2004)
ⓘ Sugashima	Yamada (2004)
Okayama Prefecture Takahashi City Bitchū Fuka ⓘ Fuka mine	Kusachi et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Daba	Pitty et al. (2010)
ⓘ Deynekoite type locality	Galuskin et al. (2023)
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury et al. (1982) +2 other references
Mexico
Zacatecas Concepción del Oro Municipality ⓘ Concepción del Oro	Specimen in the collection of Miguel ...
Melchor Ocampo Municipality Mineral de Noche Buena ⓘ Noche Buena Mine	Mitsuda et al. (1978) +1 other reference
Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Gross (1977)
Mongolia
Töv Province Choir-Nyalga basin ⓘ Nyalga Combustion Metamorphic complex	Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference
ⓘ Camel	Peretyazhko et al. (2018)
Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	Yakovenchuk et al. (2011)
New Zealand
Northland Region Kaipara District Arapohue ⓘ Bee Bush Roadcut	Black
Dargaville ⓘ Turiwiri Quarry	Black
ⓘ Tokatoka	Baker et al. (1980)
ⓘ Golden Gully	Baker et al. (1980)
Norway
Telemark Porsgrunn Bassebu ⓘ Eikevegåsen Quarry	Andresen. P. & Friis (2020)
Bjørkedalen ⓘ Buer	Raade (1983) +1 other reference
ⓘ Valleråsen	Larsen et al. (2010)
Skien ⓘ Flekkeren	Jamtveit et al. (1997)
Palestine
West Bank Jericho Governorate ⓘ Nabi Musa	Galuskina IO +1 other reference
Philippines
Visayas Western Visayas Region Palawan Province Palawan Island ⓘ Palawan ophiolite	Shimbashi +7 other references
ⓘ Nara	Shimbashi et al. (2018)
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap	Kruszewski et al. (2012)
Silesian Voivodeship Wodzisław County Radlin ⓘ Marcel mine heap ?	Kruszewski et al. (2019)
Romania
Bihor County ⓘ Măgureaua Vaței intrusion	Marincea +4 other references
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll
ⓘ Basalt quarry	Szakáll et al. (2010)
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Oraviţa Skarns	Marincea et al. (2011)
Prigor ⓘ Crişenilor brook skarn occurrence	Marincea et al. (2014, September) +1 other reference
Hunedoara County ⓘ Cornet Hill	Marincea +2 other references
Russia
Murmansk Oblast Khibiny Massif ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov et al. (2004)
Sakha Verkhoyansk District Yana River Basin Yana-Adycha Region Arga-Ynnakh-Khaya granite Massif Kester harpolith ⓘ Kester deposit	Yakovenchuk et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Sverdlovsk Oblast Asbest ⓘ Bazhenovsk deposit	Antonov A.A. [Антонов А.А.] (2003)
Polevskoy ⓘ Gumeshevskii Cu Mine	Zadov +6 other references
Slovakia
Prešov Region Vranov nad Topľou District Vechec ⓘ Vechec quarry	Ďuďa et al. (1993)
South Africa
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality ⓘ Wessels Mine	Cairncross et al. (1993) +3 other references
Spain
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Ciudad Real ⓘ El Arzollar volcano	Calvo et al. (2013)
Catalonia Barcelona Selva-Maresme Fogars de la Selva-Tordera Sant Corneli volcano ⓘ Sant Corneli Quarry (Can Savoia)	Bareche (2005)
Sweden
Skåne County Hässleholm Häglinge ⓘ Ynglingarum	The Swedish Museum of Natural History ...
Taiwan
Taitung County Beinan Township ⓘ Shanyuan	Kung-Suan Ho et al (2009)
Turkey
Rize Province ⓘ Güneyce-Ikizdere	Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497 +2 other references
UK
Northern Ireland Co. Antrim ⓘ Ballycraigy	McConnell (1954) +2 other references
Larne Glenoe ⓘ Carneal	Henmi et al. (1973)
ⓘ Scawt Hill	e-rocks.com (n.d.)
Scotland Argyll and Bute Isle of Mull ⓘ Tobermory (TL)	Heddle (1880) +2 other references
Highland Eilean á Chèo Isle of Skye ⓘ Drynock	Livingstone (1988)
Minginish ⓘ Loch Eynort	McConnell (1954)
Trotternish ⓘ Portree	[Specimen in the Natural History Museum
ⓘ Staffin Road	Sweet et al. (1961)
North Ayrshire Kilbirnie ⓘ Castle Hill	Webb (1971)
USA
Arizona Gila County Banner Mining District Christmas ⓘ Christmas Mine	Cesbron et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Arkansas Hot Spring County ⓘ Magnet Cove	Erickson +1 other reference
California Fresno County Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District Big Creek ⓘ Esquire No. 7 claim
ⓘ Esquire No. 8 claim	Bob Walstrom
Riverside County Jurupa Valley Crestmore ⓘ Crestmore quarries	American Mineralogist: 51: 56-74 +2 other references
Sky Blue Hill ⓘ Commercial Quarry	Fred DeVito collection
ⓘ Wet Weather Quarry	Woodford et al. (1941)
Idaho Adams County ⓘ Pinehurst	Ream (2004)
Idaho County Skookumchuck Creek ⓘ US highway 95 roadcut (219)	Ream (2004)
Nevada Esmeralda County ⓘ Goldfield Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
North Carolina Durham County Durham ⓘ Durham Quarry	Kenny Gay message 15.09.2005 ...
Oregon Grant County Ritter ⓘ Upper Ritter Quarry	Micro Probe Volume VII Number 8 Fall ...
Lake County Lakeview ⓘ White King Mine	Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ...
Texas Culberson County Apache Peak area ⓘ Marble Canyon Mine (Texas Agricultural Aggregates Quarry)	Rocks & Minerals: 66 (3) +1 other reference
Utah Salt Lake County Bingham Mining District Bingham Canyon ⓘ Bingham Canyon Mine	Mitsuda et al. (1978) +2 other references
Virginia Highland County Doe Hill ⓘ Road cut	R. S. Mirchell and W. F. Giannini (1987) +1 other reference