Vulcanite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

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09015920014946585608498.jpg

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About VulcaniteHide

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Specific Gravity:

7.1 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

According to the type description, vulcanite is named for "the locality of the mine", but it is unclear whether this refers to the town of Vulcan, located near the mine, or the Vulcan mining district.

This page provides mineralogical data about Vulcanite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4213:6

2237b8ff-7aa5-4230-8b66-ae3ea338166c

IMA Classification of VulcaniteHide

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Type description reference:

Classification of VulcaniteHide

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2.CB.75

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.

2.8.13.1

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1

3.1.18

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol Source Reference
Vul IMA–CNMNC Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of VulcaniteHide

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Pronunciation:

Play Recorded by Country
Sorry, your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio. Jolyon Ralph United Kingdom

Physical Properties of VulcaniteHide

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Hardness:

VHN50=34 - 40 kg/mm2 - Vickers

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
One direction parallel to the length of the lath-shaped grains; another direction, less prominent, perpendicular to the first.

Density:

7.1 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of VulcaniteHide

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Anisotropism:

very strong: brilliant yellow-white, grayish yellow-white, yellow-orange to gray

Bireflectance:

very strong

Reflectivity:

Wavelength R1 R2
400nm 25.6% 30.7%
420nm 24.4% 30.0%
440nm 23.0% 30.5%
460nm 21.3% 37.0%
480nm 19.7% 47.9%
500nm 18.1% 56.8%
520nm 16.6% 63.4%
540nm 15.2% 67.8%
560nm 13.8% 70.8%
580nm 12.7% 73.1%
600nm 11.8% 74.9%
620nm 11.3% 76.4%
640nm 11.2% 77.4%
660nm 11.6% 78.2%
680nm 12.9% 78.9%
700nm 15.0% 79.3%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 79.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

bright yellow or yellow-white to medium blue-gray

Comments:

bright yellow to blue-gray

Chemistry of VulcaniteHide

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Crystallography of VulcaniteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.09 Å, b = 6.95 Å, c = 3.15 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.588 : 1 : 0.453

Unit Cell V:

89.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

Very thin twin lamellae at approximately 45◦ to the prominent cleavage in some grains.

Comment:

Space Group: Pmnm.

Crystal StructureHide

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ID Species Reference Link Year Locality Pressure (GPa) Temp (K)
0015547 Vulcanite Baranova R V, Pinsker Z G (1964) Study of the copper-tellurium system in thin films Soviet Physics Crystallography 9 83-85 1964 synthetic 0 293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing Intensity
2.03 Å (100)
2.86 Å (70)
3.52 Å (60)
6.94 Å (40)
3.47 Å (30)
2.65 Å (30)
2.32 Å (30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of VulcaniteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, R933, 85136

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Cameron, E.N., Threadgold, I.M. (1961) Vulcanite, a new copper telluride from Colorado, with notes on certain associated minerals. American Mineralogist: 46: 258-268.

Other Language Names for VulcaniteHide

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Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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2.CB. Agmantinite Ag2MnSnS4 Orth.
2.CB. Richardsite Zn2CuGaS4 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_m
2.CB. Gachingite Au(Te1-xSex) Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
2.CB. Tolstykhite Au3S4Te6 Tric. 1 : _P_1
2.CB. Hanswilkeite KFeS2 Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b
2.CB. Auroselenide AuSe Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
2.CB. Ruizhongite (Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8 Iso. 43_m_ : I_43_d
2.CB. Okruginite Cu2SnSe3 Mon. m : B b
2.CB.05a Coloradoite HgTe Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05a Hawleyite CdS Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05a Metacinnabar HgS Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05c Polhemusite (Zn,Hg)S Tet.
2.CB.05b Sakuraiite (Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05a Sphalerite ZnS Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05a Stilleite ZnSe Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05a Tiemannite HgSe Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05 UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn Cu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05a Rudashevskyite (Fe,Zn)S Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.05a Ishiharaite (Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.07a Shenzhuangite NiFeS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.07a Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide) Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10a Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.10a Eskebornite CuFeSe2 Tet. 42_m_ : P_42_c
2.CB.10a Gallite CuGaS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.10b Haycockite Cu4Fe5S8 Orth. 222
2.CB.10a Lenaite AgFeS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.10b Mooihoekite Cu9Fe9S16 Tet. 42_m_ : P_42_m
2.CB.10b Putoranite Cu1.1Fe1.2S2 Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : P n_3_m
2.CB.10a Roquesite CuInS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.10b Talnakhite Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 Iso. 43_m_ : I_43_m
2.CB.10a Laforêtite AgInS2 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d
2.CB.10a Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide) CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10a UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10c Omariniite Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12 Orth. 222 : _I_222
2.CB.15a Černýite Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_m
2.CB.15a Ferrokësterite Cu2FeSnS4 Tet. 4 : _I_4
2.CB.15a Hocartite Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_m
2.CB.15a Idaite Cu5FeS6 Hex.
2.CB.15a Kësterite Cu2ZnSnS4 Tet. 4 : _I_4
2.CB.15a Kuramite Cu3SnS4 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_m
2.CB.15b Mohite Cu2SnS3 Mon.
2.CB.15a Pirquitasite Ag2ZnSnS4 Tet. 4 : _I_4
2.CB.15a Stannite Cu2FeSnS4 Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_m
2.CB.15c Stannoidite Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 Orth. 222 : _I_222
2.CB.15a Velikite Cu2HgSnS4 Tet. 4 : _I_4
2.CB.15c UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a v Arsenic-bearing Renierite Cu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20 Chatkalite Cu6FeSn2S8 Tet. 42_m_ : _P_4_m_2
2.CB.20 Mawsonite Cu6Fe2SnS8 Tet. 42_m_ : _P_4_m_2
2.CB.30 Argyropyrite near Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30 Colusite Cu13VAs3S16 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_n
2.CB.30 Germanite Cu13Fe2Ge2S16 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_n
2.CB.30 Germanocolusite Cu26V2(Ge,As)6S32 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_m
2.CB.30 Nekrasovite Cu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_n
2.CB.30 Stibiocolusite Cu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_m
2.CB.30 Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_n
2.CB.30 Maikainite Cu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32 Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m )
2.CB.30 Frieseite Ag2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35a Hemusite Cu6SnMoS8 Iso.
2.CB.35a Kiddcreekite Cu6SnWS8 Iso. 43_m_ : F_43_m
2.CB.35a Polkovicite (Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4 Iso.
2.CB.35a Renierite (Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16 Tet. 42_m_ : P_42_c
2.CB.35a Vinciennite Cu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16 Tet.
2.CB.35a Morozeviczite (Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4 Iso.
2.CB.35b Catamarcaite Cu6GeWS8 Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.40 Lautite CuAsS Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a
2.CB.42 Lingbaoite AgTe3 Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
2.CB.45 Cadmoselite CdSe Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.45 Greenockite CdS Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.45 Wurtzite (Zn,Fe)S Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.45 Rambergite MnS Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.45 Buseckite (Fe,Zn,Mn)S Hex. 6_m_ m : P_63_m c
2.CB.45 Maletoyvayamite Au3Se4Te6 Tric. 1 : _P_1
2.CB.47 Murchisite Cr5S6 Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : P_31_c
2.CB.50 Zincselenide ZnSe
2.CB.50 Wassonite TiS Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
2.CB.52 Dzhezkazganite ReMoCu2PbS6 ? Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m
2.CB.55a Cubanite CuFe2S3 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
2.CB.55b Isocubanite CuFe2S3 Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : F m_3_m
2.CB.60 Picotpaulite TlFe2S3 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c m
2.CB.60 Raguinite TlFeS2 Orth.
2.CB.65 Argentopyrite AgFe2S3 Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65 Sternbergite AgFe2S3 Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
2.CB.70 Sulvanite Cu3VS4 Iso. 43_m_ : P_43_m
2.CB.80 Empressite AgTe Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m )
2.CB.85 Muthmannite AuAgTe2 Mon. 2/m : _P_2/m

Other InformationHide

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Notes:

Tests for Cu and Te positive. Etch tests: 1:1 HNO3 effervesces, staining dark gray; 1:7 HNO3 effervesces after about 20 seconds, stains brownish-gray, and brings out cleavage; HCl bleaches grayish-white; FeCl instantly darkens, staining light brown; KCN bleaches and then stains light brownish-gray; HgCl2 and KOH negative.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for VulcaniteHide

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Localities for VulcaniteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Bulgaria
Pazardzhik Province Panagyurishte Municipality Levski ⓘ Radka Mine Tsonev et al. (Eds.) +1 other reference
Chile
Coquimbo Elqui Province ⓘ El Indio deposit Ben Schumer Collection
China
Henan Sanmenxia Lingbao City Qinling Mine ⓘ Yangzhaiyu Au-Pb-Te deposit Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1999)
Xiaoqinling mining district ⓘ Tonggou Au deposit (incl. Chucha-Luanshi Au deposit) Shuzhang Tian et al. (1994)
Sichuan Ya'an Shimian County ⓘ Dashuigou Te-polymetallic deposit Baohua Li et al. (1999)
Greece
South Aegean Tinos Tinos Island ⓘ Panormos Bay Bonev et al. (2005) +2 other references
Indonesia
West Java Province Garut Regency ⓘ Cijulang prospect Tun et al. (2015)
Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture Satsumasendai City Iriki ⓘ Iriki mine ? Anthony et al. (1990)
Norway
Troms og Finnmark Kautokeino ⓘ Bidjovagge gold-copper deposit Neumann (1985)
Russia
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug Karaginsky District ⓘ Ozernovskoe deposit V.A. Kovalenker (2005) +1 other reference
Sverdlovsk Oblast Nevyansky District ⓘ Byngovsky Deposit Anthony et al. (1990)
Saudi Arabia
Medina Region ⓘ Jabal Sayid mine (Jabal Sayid Cu-Zn deposit) Anthony et al. (1990)
Sweden
Gävleborg County Ljusdal ⓘ Enåsen Mine Jonssona et al. (2022) +1 other reference
UK
Wales Pembrokeshire Wiston ⓘ Clarbeston Norton et al. (2000) +1 other reference
USA (TL)
Colorado Gunnison County Vulcan Mining District (Cebolla Mining District; Domingo Mining District) Vulcan ⓘ Good Hope Mine (Mammoth Good Hope Mine; Mammoth-Good Hope Mine; Mammoth Chimney Mine) (TL) Cameron et al. (1961)
Uzbekistan
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit) Plotinskaya et al. (2006) +1 other reference