Cyprine (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species

About CyprineHide

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Formula:

Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9

The formula is a partial simplification of the full structural formula. The large (VII-IX)-coordinated (X4)2(X3)8(X2)8(X1) sites are here combined (e.g. Ca19) and are typically filled with Ca, although other large cations such as the REE may be present. The square-pyramidal Y1 site can host a variety of M2+ and M3+ ions and is the basis for the distinction of several species. The VI-coordinated Y2 site typically is filled with Al, whereas the also VI-coordinated Y3 site may contain Al, Mg, and other cations of similar charge and size. The tetrahedral T1 site is typically vacant but may contain B (less commonly Al); the trigonal T2 site is also typically vacant but may also contain B. Some of the (SiO4) may be replaced by (H4O4), akin to the Si4+ ↔︎ 4H+ hydrogarnet substitution. Among the oxygen that are not part of the silica tetrahedra, there are eight "O11" that typically occur as OH, two "O10" that are typically O & OH or OH & OH (the latter arrangement notably when Y1 is an M2+ cation). There may also be up to three "O12" that in most vesuvianite-group minerals are absent (and are not included here), but may be present particularly when T1 is occupied.

Colour:

Blue, bluish green, green, dark red with a lilac hue (type material),

Lustre:

Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Name:

The historical name cyprine (derived from Latin cuprum, copper) was given by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1821 for a Cu-bearing vesuvianite. By 1892, Edward S. Dana listed cyprine as a blue vesuvianite containing "trace amounts" of copper. In 1986, Sharon Fitzgerald, A. L. Rheingold, and Peter B. Leavens, studied the crystal structure of cyprines and found that Cu2+ occurred in only one site and that in some instances, Cu2+ was the dominant cation in that site. In 2017, T. L. Panikorovskii, V. V. Shilovskikh, E. Yu. Avdontseva A. A, Zolotarev, Ivan V. Pekov, S. N. Britvin, and S. V. Krivovichev reported on a highly manganian vesuvianite that had insufficient Mn3+ to qualify as a new species, but that there was dominant Cu2+ in the site as had been previously identified by Fitzgerald, et. al. (1986). On the basis of the ordered Cu2+, cyprine was re-introduced as a copper-bearing species in the vesuvianite group.

The name 'cyprine' was previously given to any blue variety of vesuvianite on the (not always correct) assumption that it contained abundant copper.
Some blue 'cyprine' specimens may in fact contain sufficient copper, but many specimens do not contain enough for a Cu-dominant occupancy (Cu >0.5 apfu) of the Y1 cation site in the crystal structure. Consequently some samples labelled as 'cyprine' have been misidentified, although some specimens from Norway and Franklin, New Jersey, USA contain sufficient Cu2+ in the Y1 site to be called cyprine by the current definition.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:46798:2

12d83ce2-83ca-4286-87d4-3bf3e8a07885

IMA Classification of CyprineHide

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IMA Formula:

Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg)12Si18O69(OH)9

Type description reference:

Panikorovskii, Taras L., Shilovskikh, Vladimir V., Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu., Zolotarev, Andrey A., Pekov, Igor V., Britvin, Sergey N., Hålenius, Ulf, Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2017) Cyprine, Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg,Mn)12Si18O69(OH)9, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Wessels mine, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (2) 295-306 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2592

Classification of CyprineHide

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9.BG.35

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Pronunciation of CyprineHide

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Pronunciation:

Physical Properties of CyprineHide

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Colour:

Blue, bluish green, green, dark red with a lilac hue (type material),

Comment:

Color on single crystals

Streak:

Usually white to pale tints of the body color

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Hackly, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

3.40 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of CyprineHide

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RI values:

_n_ω = 1.744(2) _n_ε = 1.732(2)

Birefringence:

May show anomalous birefringence; the birefringence may also be variably obscured by the body color of the mineral in strongly-colored examples.

δ = 0.012

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Comments:

Ranging from O = dark purple, E = pale red to O = dark reddish brown, E = pale yellowish brown; O>>E.

Chemistry of CyprineHide

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Mindat Formula:

Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9

The formula is a partial simplification of the full structural formula. The large (VII-IX)-coordinated (X4)2(X3)8(X2)8(X1) sites are here combined (e.g. Ca19) and are typically filled with Ca, although other large cations such as the REE may be present. The square-pyramidal Y1 site can host a variety of M2+ and M3+ ions and is the basis for the distinction of several species. The VI-coordinated Y2 site typically is filled with Al, whereas the also VI-coordinated Y3 site may contain Al, Mg, and other cations of similar charge and size. The tetrahedral T1 site is typically vacant but may contain B (less commonly Al); the trigonal T2 site is also typically vacant but may also contain B. Some of the (SiO4) may be replaced by (H4O4), akin to the Si4+ ↔︎ 4H+ hydrogarnet substitution. Among the oxygen that are not part of the silica tetrahedra, there are eight "O11" that typically occur as OH, two "O10" that are typically O & OH or OH & OH (the latter arrangement notably when Y1 is an M2+ cation). There may also be up to three "O12" that in most vesuvianite-group minerals are absent (and are not included here), but may be present particularly when T1 is occupied.

Chemical AnalysisHide

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Empirical formulas:

Crystallography of CyprineHide

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Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/m - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 15.5652(5) Å, c = 11.7921(4) Å

Morphology:

Crystals up to 1 cm. Dominant forms: {100}, {110}, {001}, and {331}.

Twinning:

No twinning observed in type material.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of CyprineHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

As chaotic aggregates (up to 5 cm across) in open cavities or embedded in coarse-grained colourless calcite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Type material is deposited in the collections of the Mineralogical Museum of St. Petersburg State University, catalogue no. 1/19536.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

An assemblage of Mn- and Ca-bearing minerals, formed as a result of the hydrothermal activity.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Panikorovskii, T.L., Shilovskikh, V.V., Avdontseva, E.Yu., Zolotarev, A.A., Pekov, I.V., Britvin, S.N., Krivovichev, S.V. (2017): Cyprine, Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg,Mn)12Si18O68(OH)10, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Wessels mine, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 295-306.

Synonyms of CyprineHide

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Other Language Names for CyprineHide

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Relationship of Cyprine to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Fluorescence of CyprineHide

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Other InformationHide

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IR Spectrum:

Absorption bands in the IR spectrum are 443, 490, 574, 604, 671, 814, 905, 972, 1015, 3354, 3640cm-1.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CyprineHide

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References for CyprineHide

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Reference List:

Panikorovskii, Taras L., Shilovskikh, Vladimir V., Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu., Zolotarev, Andrey A., Pekov, Igor V., Britvin, Sergey N., Hålenius, Ulf, Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2017) Cyprine, Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg,Mn)12Si18O69(OH)9, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Wessels mine, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29 (2) 295-306 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2592

Localities for CyprineHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Norway
Agder Valle ⓘ Strømsheia (Straumsheia) ?	Kjerulf (1879)
Telemark Hjartdal ⓘ Sauland	Ohkawa et al. (1992)
Kleppan ⓘ Øvstebø	Berzelius (1820) +1 other reference
Notodden Heddal ⓘ Roadcut ?	Larsen (2016)
Tokke ⓘ Trollurdi ?	Jan Andersen photo & specimen
South Africa
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality N'Chwaning Mines ⓘ N'Chwaning II Mine	Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references
ⓘ Wessels Mine (TL)	Hålenius et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Sweden
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine	Gatedal (n.d.)
Nordmark mining district Jakobsberg ore field ⓘ Jakobsberg Mine ?	Gatedal (n.d.)
USA
New Jersey Sussex County Franklin ⓘ Franklin Mine	Palache (1935) +2 other references
New Mexico Taos County Glenwoody District ⓘ Picuris Mountains ?	Northrop et al. (1996)