Baryte (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

About BaryteHide

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Colour:

Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named in 1800 by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten from the Greek βαρύς, heavy, due to its unusual heaviness for a non-metallic mineral.

Note. Although frequently spelled barite in the US and some other places, the official IMA spelling is baryte.

Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series.
The barium analogue of celestine and anglesite.

Typically found as thick to thin tabular crystals, usually in clusters with the crystals growing parallel to one another, or nearly so. Also as bladed, white masses.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:549:0

46d864b3-6c7a-431b-b8c1-be78a7d5f634

IMA Classification of BaryteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of BaryteHide

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7.AD.35

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations

28.3.1.1

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
3 : AXO4

25.4.17

25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Pronunciation of BaryteHide

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Pronunciation:

Physical Properties of BaryteHide

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Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent, Opaque

Comment:

Vitreous to Resinous, Pearly on cleavage surfaces.

Colour:

Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}; less so on {210}; Imperfect on {010}.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

4.50 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.50 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BaryteHide

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RI values:

_n_α = 1.636 _n_β = 1.637 _n_γ = 1.648

2V:

Measured: 36° to 42°, Calculated: 36° to 40°

δ = 0.012

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

X = c; Y = b; Z = a.

Comments:

Brown: X = Straw-yellow, Y = Wine-yellow, Z = Violet;
Yellow: X = Light yellow-brown, Y = Yellow-brown, Z = Brown;
Green: X = Nearly colourless, Y = Light green, Z = Amethyst;
Blue-green: X = Blue-violet, Y = Bluish green, Z = Violet

Comments:

Absorption: Z > Y > X.

Chemistry of BaryteHide

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Chemical AnalysisHide

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Crystallography of BaryteHide

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Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.884(2) Å, b = 5.457(3) Å, c = 7.157(2) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.628 : 1 : 1.312

Unit Cell V:

346.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Usually thin to thick tabular {001}, bounded by {210} alone or in combination with {101}, {011} or other forms. Also flattened {001}, and elongated to prismatic [010] or [100]. More rarely prismatic [001], or equant. Often as aggregates or clusters of tabular crystals with edges projecting into crest-like forms, or as rosettes. Also found as massive material, compact, laminated or concretionary; and in fibrous, stalactic, and earthy masses.

Crystallographic forms of BaryteHide

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Crystal Atlas:

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Crystal StructureHide

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ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0000164	Baryte	Colville A A, Staudhammer K (1967) A refinement of the structure of barite from Cow Green mine American Mineralogist 52 1877-1880		1967	0	293
0000663	Baryte	Miyake M, Minato I, Morikawa H, Iwai S I (1978) Crystal structure and sulphate force constants of barite, celesite, and anglesite American Mineralogist 63 506-510		1978	0	293
0005145	Baryte	Hill R J (1977) A further refinement of the barite structure The Canadian Mineralogist 15 522-526		1977	0	293
0005560	Baryte	Jacobsen S D, Smyth J R, Swope R J, Downs R T (1998) Rigid-body character of the SO4 groups in celestine, anglesite and barite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1053-1060		1998	0	293
0017447	Baryte	James R (1925) The Crystal Structures of Barytes, Celestine and Anglesite _cod_database_code 1010542 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A109 598-620	1925	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set:

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Commonly found as a gangue mineral in metallic ore deposits of epithermal or mesothermal origin; but it may also be found as lenses or replacement deposits in sedimentary rocks, both of hypogene and supergene origin.

Synonyms of BaryteHide

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Other Language Names for BaryteHide

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Varieties of BaryteHide

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Relationship of Baryte to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of this group:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Fluorescence of BaryteHide

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Shades of yellow, occasionally orange or pink (LW UV). Shades of yellow, white (Franklin & Sterling Hill, NJ). May phosphoresce strongly greenish-white.

Other InformationHide

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Thermal Behaviour:

Inverts to another (monoclinic?) polymorph when heated to 1149°C. Above 1400°C decomposition to barium oxide, sulphur dioxide and oxygen.
Thermoluminescent at times.

Notes:

Insoluble in water, acids, and bases. Moderately soluble in hot, concentrated sulphuric acid, due to the formation of the hydrogen sulphate.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Used as an additive in drilling fluids, as a white pigment, e. g. in cosmetic products and in paints, and as a filling material for polymers and papers, high contrast medium for medical X-rays. Also the main source of barium.

Baryte in petrologyHide

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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

• Sedimentary rock and sediment
  • Sedimentary rock
    * Biochemical and chemical sedimentary rock
    * Evaporite
    * Baryte-stone

Internet Links for BaryteHide

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References for BaryteHide

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Reference List:

Carruthers, R.G., Eastwood, T., Wilson, G.V., Pocock, R.W., and Wray, D.A. (1915) Barytes and witherite. Special Report of the Mineral Resources of Great Britain vol. 2, Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.

**Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.**pp.408-415

Miyake, Michihiro, Minato, Ichiro, Morikawa, Hideki, Iwai, Shin-ichi (1978) Crystal structures and sulphate force constants of barite, celestite, and anglesite. American Mineralogist, 63 (5-6) 506-510

Gaines, Richard V., Skinner, H. Catherine W., Foord, Eugene E., Mason, Brian, Rosenzweig, Abraham, King, Vandall T. (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. p.1872

Pina, Carlos M., Becker, Udo, Risthaus, Peter, Bosbach, Dirk, Putnis, Andrew (1998) Molecular-scale mechanisms of crystal growth in barite. Nature, 395 (6701). 483-486 doi:10.1038/26718

Kotel'nikov, A.R., Kabalov, Yu.K., Zezyulya, T.N., Mel'chakova, L.V., Ogorodova, L.P. (2000): Experimental study of celestite-barite solid solution. Geochemistry International 38, 1286-1293.

**Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 5 - Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.**p.45

Jehlička, J., Vítek, P., Edwards, H.G.M., Hargreaves, M. D., Čapoun, T. (2009) Fast detection of sulphate minerals (gypsum, anglesite, baryte) by a portable Raman spectrometer. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 40 (8). 1082-1086 doi:10.1002/jrs.2246

Weber, Juliane, Bracco, Jacquelyn N., Poplawsky, Jonathan D., Ievlev, Anton V., More, Karren L., Lorenz, Matthias, Bertagni, Angela L., Jindra, Sarah A., Starchenko, Vitaliy, Higgins, Steven R., et al. (2018) Unraveling the Effects of Strontium Incorporation on Barite Growth—In Situ and Ex Situ Observations Using Multiscale Chemical Imaging. Crystal Growth & Design, 18 (9). 5521-5533 doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00839

Zhou, Li, Mernagh, Terrence P., Mo, Bing, Wang, Li, Zhang, Shuai, Wang, Chunyao (2020) Raman Study of Barite and Celestine at Various Temperatures. Minerals, 10 (3) 260 doi:10.3390/min10030260

Significant localities for BaryteHide

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Showing 73 significant localities out of 14,278 recorded on mindat.org.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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