Botryogen (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

About BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Formula:

MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O

Colour:

Light to dark orange-red; pale to dark orange

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

From the Greek βότρυς = "bunch of grapes" and γεννάν = "to bear", in allusion to the appearance of the original botryoidal and stalactitic masses found at Falun, Sweden.

Chemically similar to magnesiocopiapite, mountkeithite, and slavíkite.

Crystal structure details (Majzlan et al., 2016): (1) 2 Fe sites; (2) Fe(SO4)2(OH)(H2O)2 chains cross-linked by Mgϕ6 polyhedra (ϕ - unspecified ligand); (3) three transformer water groups with [3]O and two non-transformer with [4]O.

Unique IdentifiersHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:733:7

8b4474b1-5539-4ebf-b009-3153a9fcb43e

IMA Classification of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

7.DC.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra

31.9.6.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)(XO4)Zq·xH2O

25.11.19

25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Physical Properties of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Light to dark orange-red; pale to dark orange

Cleavage:

Perfect
On {010}, perfect; on {110}, good.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal

Density:

2.14 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.23 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

RI values:

_n_α = 1.522 _n_β = 1.529 _n_γ = 1.577

2V:

Measured: 41° , Calculated: 44°

δ = 0.055

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Optical Extinction:

X = b; Z ∧ c = 12°.

Comments:

X = Colourless to light brown; Y = Cinnamon-brown; Z = Golden yellow

Chemistry of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Mindat Formula:

MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O

Crystallography of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.49(2) Å, b = 17.84(1) Å, c = 7.12(2) Å
β = 100.16(17)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.588 : 1 : 0.399

Unit Cell V:

1,311.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals prismatic [001]; smaller crystals commonly long prismatic; large crystals short prismatic with {101} large and often striated [100]. The vertical zone is striated [001]. Reniform, botryoidal, or globular aggregates with a radiating structure and crystalline surfaces.

Comment:

Space group setting is P21/n

Crystal StructureHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Load
Unit Cell |Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 |3x3x3 |4x4x4

Show
Big Balls |Small Balls |Just Balls |Spacefill
Polyhedra Off |Si Polyhedra |All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks

Display Options
Black Background |White Background
Perspective On |Perspective Off
2D |Stereo |Red-Blue |Red-Cyan

View
CIF File Best |x |y |z |a |b |c

Rotation
Stop |Start

Labels
Console Off |On |Grey |Yellow

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Powder Diffraction Data:

Comments:

Quetena, Chile. Data from Cesbron (1964).

Geological EnvironmentHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Type Occurrence of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, number BM 1956,315 (holotype).
Natural History Museum, Wien, Austria, number A.a.185 (type?).

Synonyms of BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Other Language Names for BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Common AssociatesHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Other InformationHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Notes:

Partially soluble in boiling water, rendering an ocherous residue. Soluble in HCl.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

References for BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

Reference List:

**Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.**pp.617-618

Majzlan, J., Plášil, J., Dachs, E., Benisek, A., Koch, C.B. (2016) Crystal chemistry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and thermodynamic properties of botryogen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen: 193, 147-159.

Localities for BotryogenHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

This section is currently hidden. Click the show button to view.

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
San Juan Province Calingasta Department Calingasta Quebrada Alcaparrosa ⓘ Santa Elena Mine	Palache et al. (1951)
Australia
Queensland City of Mount Isa ⓘ Mount Isa	Sielecki (1988)
ⓘ Mount Isa Mines	Sielecki (1988)
ⓘ MIM underground - Upper lead-zinc levels (orebodies 4; 5; 6; 7; 8)	Costas Constantinides collection
Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Bramberg am Wildkogel Mühlbach im Pinzgau ⓘ Brenntal	Niedermayr et al. (2000)
Tyrol Lienz District Heinfels ⓘ Panzendorf	Exel (1993)
Brazil
Minas Gerais Catas Altas ⓘ Quebra Osso mine	ATENCIO +2 other references
Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Mejillones Mejillones peninsula ⓘ Unnamed Cu mine [1]	SEM-EDS by Igor V. Pekov
Sierra Gorda ⓘ Alcaparrosa Mine	Kampf +5 other references
ⓘ Restauradora Mine	Rob Lavinky samples +1 other reference
El Loa Province Calama Chuquicamata District ⓘ Chuquicamata Mine	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster) ⓘ Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect)	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Tocopilla Province ⓘ Loa River	Palache et al. (1951)
Arica y Parinacota Arica Province Los Camarones valley ⓘ Cuya	Kampf et al. (2013)
ⓘ Cuya NE9 sulfate occurrence	Kampf et al. (2013)
Tarapacá Tamarugal Province ⓘ Cerros Pintados	Peter G. Seroka collection
China
Gansu Baiyin Baiyin District Baiyinchang ore field Baiyinchang Cu deposit ⓘ Huoyanshan Mine	Bingbin Yang (1979)
ⓘ Zheyaoshan Mine	Bingbin Yang (1979)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.) Xitieshan ⓘ Xitieshan Mine	Qingtong Ye (1983)
France
Grand Est Bas-Rhin Sélestat-Erstein Lalaye Charbes ⓘ Charbes Sb Veins	Palache et al. (1951)
Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Goslar Rammelsberg ⓘ Rammelsberg Mine	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Thuringia Greiz District Ronneburg ⓘ Lichtenberg open cast	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Lavrion Mining District Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines) ⓘ Hilarion Mine	Rieck et al. (2022)
Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Kazincbarcika District Rudabánya ⓘ Andrássy III. Mine	Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997)
Heves County Gyöngyös District Gyöngyösoroszi ⓘ Károlytáró	Own found
Nógrád County ⓘ Felsőpetény	Geoda - Journal of the Hungarian ...
Iran
Hormozgan Province Hajjiabad County Hajjiabad ⓘ Zagh Mine	Palache et al. (1951)
Italy
Liguria Genoa Sestri Levante ⓘ Libiola Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Chialamberto ⓘ Fragnè Mine ?	Girolami (2006)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Massa Marittima ⓘ Niccioleta Mine	Brizzi G. et al. (GR)
Livorno Province Capoliveri Cape Calamita Mine ⓘ Vallone stope	PXRD by Roegner
Porto Azzurro ⓘ Terranera Mine	G. D'Achiardi (picroallumogene)
Japan
Ehime Prefecture Kita District ⓘ Ohkuki mine (Okuki deposit)	Minakawa and Noto (1994)
Jordan
Jerash Governorate Jerash ⓘ Jerash lignite occurrence	Dill et al. (2009)
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Nowshera District Jehangira ⓘ Khawrai (Khawari)	Niazi (2023)
Peru
Ica Nazca Province Marcona District ⓘ Marcona deposit	Atchley (1956)
Slovakia
Košice Region Gelnica District ⓘ Smolník	Duda
Spain
Andalusia Huelva Minas de Riotinto Rio Tinto Mines ⓘ Alfredo pit	Calvo et al. (1999)
Sweden
Dalarna County ⓘ Falun
ⓘ Falun mine (TL)	Ann. Phys. Chem. (Pogg.) +2 other references
Ukraine
Sevastopol Balaklava district ⓘ Cape Fiolent	Dobrovolskaya T.I. (2004)
USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Campbell Mine	azminerals.com
Mohave County Hualapai Mountains Hualapai Mining District Pine Peak ⓘ Antler Mine
California Inyo County Coso Hot Springs ⓘ Coso Hot Springs deposit	Hasenmueller et al. (2005, March)
Merced County Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District) Antimony Peak ⓘ Stayton Mine (Stayton Quicksilver Mine; Pacific claim of Stayton group)	Cooper et al. (1989)
Napa County Calistoga The Palisades [range] ⓘ Calistoga Mine (Silverado Mine; Palisade Mine; Palisades Mine; Grigsby Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 275. +2 other references
Knoxville Mining District Knoxville ⓘ Redington Mine (Boston Mine; Knoxville Mine; Excellsior Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 275. +4 other references
San Bernardino County Calico Mts (Calico Hills) Calico District (Daggett District; Calico-Daggett area) Calico ⓘ Sulphur Hole (Sulfur Hole; Sulphur pit)	part 2 +4 other references
Nevada Nye County Hot Creek Range Morey Mining District Morey Mine ⓘ Magnolia vein	Castor et al. (2004)
Ohio Franklin County Columbus ⓘ Bill Moose Run	King (n.d.)
ⓘ Glen Echo Ravine	Ernest H. Carlson. Jerret Whitford. ...
Huron County Monroeville West Branch Huron River ⓘ Blue Bridge	gsa.confex.com (2002)
Meigs County Langsville ⓘ Old strip mine	Carlson (2015)
Pennsylvania Lebanon County Cornwall Borough (Cornwall) ⓘ Cornwall Mines (Cornwall Iron Mine)	Palache et al. (1951)
Tennessee Sevier County ⓘ Alum Cave Bluff	Coskren et al. (2000) +1 other reference