1976 Japanese general election (original) (raw)
1976년 일본 중의원의원 선거 %5040302010041.78%20.69%10.91%10.38%6.28%4.18%자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP득실표율1972년 선거와 정당별 득실율 비교 % 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6−5.07%−1.21%+2.45%−0.11%−0.70%+4.18% 자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP 제34회 일본 중의원의원 총선거는 1976년 12월 5일에 실시된 일본의 중의원의원 선거로, 록히드 스캔들의 영향으로 자유민주당이 과반 의석을 상실하였다.
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| dbo:abstract | General elections were held in Japan on 5 December 1976. Voter turnout was 73.45%. This election was noted for seeing 124 newcomers win seats for the very first time, along with the defeat of some legacy candidates, signalling a generational shift in the Japanese political landscape. To date, the 1976 election has been the only post-war general election triggered by an expiration of the term of the House of Representatives; all other post-war elections have been instigated by a dissolution of the House by the Cabinet. While the Liberal Democratic Party wound up, as usual, with more seats than any competing party, it lost 22 seats to finish with less than a majority, winning 249 of 511 races (47%), this election continued the constant trend of the LDP's popular vote decreasing with each election which had started all the way back in the 1949 election. The 1976 election was heavily informed by the Lockheed bribery scandals and became popularly known as the Lockheed Election (ロッキード選挙, rokkīdo senkyo). The incumbent Prime Minister, Takeo Miki, was seen as a reformer within his own party, and he did not obstruct the investigations into the Lockheed scandal as some of those in his party had desired. Despite this, Miki's cabinet had lukewarm approval ratings, with positive ratings across different news sources ranging from 41-47% and negative ones being lower at 12-27%. The scandal reflected poorly on the LDP and the party lost 22 seats from the last election, in the process losing its majority control over the House of Representatives for the first time since the party's founding. However, when the LDP's showing is combined with the votes cast for the spin-off New Liberal Club as well as independents who were not endorsed by the LDP but joined the party after this election, the total number of votes for conservative candidates actually saw an overall increase. The two left-wing opposition parties, the Japan Socialist Party and the Japanese Communist Party, saw noticeable setbacks. The JSP did gain seats, but it was only five, and in the process two former chairmen (Kōzō Sasaki and Seiichi Katsumata) and the incumbent vice-chairman and former chairman Saburō Eda all lost their seats. The JCP suffered far worse, losing 21 seats and falling to less than half its number of seats compared to the last election, likely due to protest votes going towards the new moderate options such as the NLC instead of the JCP. The main winners among the traditional opposition were the moderate parties. In the case of Kōmeitō, the party recovered from scandals in the 1972 general elections by distancing itself from Soka Gakkai and putting up non-Soka Gakkai adherents as candidates in the 1975 local elections as well as this election. Komeito also reinforced its image as an anti-LDP party by endorsing various leftist campaigns. On the other hand, the Democratic Socialist Party, which did see a slight decrease in popular votes, nonetheless had managed to gain ten seats in this election. Following the election, Miki resigned as LDP leader after the LDP's poor showing and Takeo Fukuda was elected the new LDP leader and prime minister. (en) Die Shūgiin-Wahl 1976 war die 34. Wahl zum Shūgiin, dem japanischen Unterhaus, und fand am 5. Dezember 1976 statt. Es war die erste und bisher einzige Shūgiin-Wahl der Nachkriegsgeschichte, der keine vorzeitige Auflösung des Shūgiin vorangegangen war, die also nach einer vollen Legislaturperiode von vier Jahren durchgeführt wurde. Die Wahl stand ganz unter dem Eindruck des Lockheed-Skandals, bei dem 1976 bekannt wurde, dass der ehemalige Premierminister Tanaka Kakuei Bestechungsgelder im Gegenzug für öffentliche Aufträge erhalten hatte. Die Wahl wird in Japan daher auch als „Lockheed-Wahl“ (ロッキード選挙, rokkīdo senkyo) bezeichnet. Andere Wahlkampfthemen wie die Steigerung der Lebensqualität, die Bekämpfung der Umweltverschmutzung und die Inflation im Zuge der Ölkrise traten in den Hintergrund. Größter Wahlgewinner war die Kōmeitō, die sich stark für die Korruptionsbekämpfung engagierte. Im Juli 1975 war eine Wahlrechtsreform beschlossen worden, nach der die Zahl der Wahlkreise erhöht wurde (nun: 1 Einer-, 47 Dreier-, 41 Vierer- und 41 Fünferwahlkreise) und die Gesamtzahl der Abgeordneten von 491 auf 511 stieg. Die Wahlbeteiligung betrug 73,44 %. (de) Las elecciones generales se celebraron en Japón el 5 de diciembre de 1976. El resultado fue una victoria para el Partido Liberal Democrático, el cual ganó 249 de los 511 escaños, pero la elección fue ensombrecida por el escándalo de los sobornos de Lockheed y se hizo popularmente conocido como la Elección de Lockheed (ロッキード選挙 rokkīdo senkyo?) . A raíz de los escándalos, el PLD perdió 22 bancas, que principalmente fueron al Komeitō, y perdió su mayoría en la Cámara de Representantes por primera vez desde su fundación. Aun así, el PLD todavía fue el partido más grande en la Cámara de Representantes. La participación fue de 73.45%. Las elecciones de 1976 fueron las únicas elecciones generales de posguerra desencadenadas por la expiración del mandato de la Cámara de Representantes; todas las demás elecciones de posguerra han sido instigadas por la disolución de la Cámara por el Gabinete. (es) 1976년 일본 중의원의원 선거 %5040302010041.78%20.69%10.91%10.38%6.28%4.18%자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP득실표율1972년 선거와 정당별 득실율 비교 % 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6−5.07%−1.21%+2.45%−0.11%−0.70%+4.18% 자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP 제34회 일본 중의원의원 총선거는 1976년 12월 5일에 실시된 일본의 중의원의원 선거로, 록히드 스캔들의 영향으로 자유민주당이 과반 의석을 상실하였다. (ko) Le elezioni parlamentari in Giappone del 1976 si tennero il 5 dicembre per il rinnovo della Camera dei rappresentanti. In seguito all'esito elettorale, Takeo Fukuda, esponente del Partito Liberal Democratico, divenne Primo ministro; l'uscente Takeo Fukuda, coinvolto dallo scandalo Lockheed, dovette rinunciare all'incarico e fu costretto a lasciare la guida del Partito Liberal Democratico. Nel 1979 la guida del governo passò a Masayoshi Ōhira, anch'egli di estrazione liberal-democratica. (it) 第34回衆議院議員総選挙（だい34かいしゅうぎいんぎいんそうせんきょ）は、1976年（昭和51年）12月5日に日本で行われた国会（衆議院）議員の総選挙である。 (ja) Wybory parlamentarne w Japonii w 1976 roku Wybory wygrała Partia Liberalno-Demokratyczna zdobywając 41,8% głosów i 249 z 511 mandatów w Izbie Reprezentantów (izbie niższej japońskiego parlamentu). Drugą pozycję zajęła z 123 mandatami i 20,7% poparcia. (pl) 第34屆日本眾議院議員總選舉於昭和51年（1976年）12月5日。由於選舉之前洛克希德事件被揭發，引起日本政壇很大的震蕩，所以這次選舉被通稱為洛克希德選舉。執政自民黨大敗，內閣總理大臣三木武夫為此辭職。這次大選是日本現行憲法實施以來首次於眾議院4年会期屆滿以後舉行。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 1976년 일본 중의원의원 선거 %5040302010041.78%20.69%10.91%10.38%6.28%4.18%자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP득실표율1972년 선거와 정당별 득실율 비교 % 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6−5.07%−1.21%+2.45%−0.11%−0.70%+4.18% 자유민주당JSP공명당일본공산당DSP 제34회 일본 중의원의원 총선거는 1976년 12월 5일에 실시된 일본의 중의원의원 선거로, 록히드 스캔들의 영향으로 자유민주당이 과반 의석을 상실하였다. (ko) Le elezioni parlamentari in Giappone del 1976 si tennero il 5 dicembre per il rinnovo della Camera dei rappresentanti. In seguito all'esito elettorale, Takeo Fukuda, esponente del Partito Liberal Democratico, divenne Primo ministro; l'uscente Takeo Fukuda, coinvolto dallo scandalo Lockheed, dovette rinunciare all'incarico e fu costretto a lasciare la guida del Partito Liberal Democratico. Nel 1979 la guida del governo passò a Masayoshi Ōhira, anch'egli di estrazione liberal-democratica. (it) 第34回衆議院議員総選挙（だい34かいしゅうぎいんぎいんそうせんきょ）は、1976年（昭和51年）12月5日に日本で行われた国会（衆議院）議員の総選挙である。 (ja) Wybory parlamentarne w Japonii w 1976 roku Wybory wygrała Partia Liberalno-Demokratyczna zdobywając 41,8% głosów i 249 z 511 mandatów w Izbie Reprezentantów (izbie niższej japońskiego parlamentu). Drugą pozycję zajęła z 123 mandatami i 20,7% poparcia. (pl) 第34屆日本眾議院議員總選舉於昭和51年（1976年）12月5日。由於選舉之前洛克希德事件被揭發，引起日本政壇很大的震蕩，所以這次選舉被通稱為洛克希德選舉。執政自民黨大敗，內閣總理大臣三木武夫為此辭職。這次大選是日本現行憲法實施以來首次於眾議院4年会期屆滿以後舉行。 (zh) General elections were held in Japan on 5 December 1976. Voter turnout was 73.45%. This election was noted for seeing 124 newcomers win seats for the very first time, along with the defeat of some legacy candidates, signalling a generational shift in the Japanese political landscape. To date, the 1976 election has been the only post-war general election triggered by an expiration of the term of the House of Representatives; all other post-war elections have been instigated by a dissolution of the House by the Cabinet. (en) Die Shūgiin-Wahl 1976 war die 34. Wahl zum Shūgiin, dem japanischen Unterhaus, und fand am 5. Dezember 1976 statt. Es war die erste und bisher einzige Shūgiin-Wahl der Nachkriegsgeschichte, der keine vorzeitige Auflösung des Shūgiin vorangegangen war, die also nach einer vollen Legislaturperiode von vier Jahren durchgeführt wurde. Im Juli 1975 war eine Wahlrechtsreform beschlossen worden, nach der die Zahl der Wahlkreise erhöht wurde (nun: 1 Einer-, 47 Dreier-, 41 Vierer- und 41 Fünferwahlkreise) und die Gesamtzahl der Abgeordneten von 491 auf 511 stieg. Die Wahlbeteiligung betrug 73,44 %. (de) Las elecciones generales se celebraron en Japón el 5 de diciembre de 1976. El resultado fue una victoria para el Partido Liberal Democrático, el cual ganó 249 de los 511 escaños, pero la elección fue ensombrecida por el escándalo de los sobornos de Lockheed y se hizo popularmente conocido como la Elección de Lockheed (ロッキード選挙 rokkīdo senkyo?) . A raíz de los escándalos, el PLD perdió 22 bancas, que principalmente fueron al Komeitō, y perdió su mayoría en la Cámara de Representantes por primera vez desde su fundación. Aun así, el PLD todavía fue el partido más grande en la Cámara de Representantes. La participación fue de 73.45%. (es) |
| rdfs:label | Shūgiin-Wahl 1976 (de) 1976 Japanese general election (en) Elecciones generales de Japón de 1976 (es) Elezioni parlamentari in Giappone del 1976 (it) 제34회 일본 중의원 의원 총선거 (ko) 第34回衆議院議員総選挙 (ja) Wybory parlamentarne w Japonii w 1976 roku (pl) 第34屆日本眾議院議員總選舉 (zh) |
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