Quadruplex videotape (original) (raw)
- Quadruplex, auch Zwei-Zoll-Quadruplex oder Zwei-Zoll-Quad, war das erste praxistaugliche Videorekordersystem weltweit, das 1956 von Ampex entwickelt wurde. Erstmals im Rahmen eines regulären Sendebetriebs kam die neue Technik am 30. November 1956 zum Einsatz, als CBS mit einer Ampex VRX-1000 VTR die abendliche Nachrichtensendung „Douglas Edwards and the News“ im Studio in Hollywood aufzeichnete. Die Sendung mit einer Dauer von fünfzehn Minuten wurde später zeitversetzt an der Westküste ausgestrahlt. Quadruplex benutzt ein Magnetband mit zwei Zoll (5,08 cm) Breite, das für heutige Verhältnisse mit einer sehr geringen Aufzeichnungsdichte beschrieben wird. Ein Bild wurde alle 15 bis 16 Zeilen in Spuren geteilt. Die Bandgeschwindigkeit beträgt 15 Zoll (38,1 cm) pro Sekunde. Die Videobandbreite dieses Formates ist so hoch, dass es mit nur geringen Veränderungen auch für die später eingeführte Farbvideoaufzeichnung verwendet werden konnte. Bei modern ausgerüsteten Anstalten wie dem ZDF wurde Quadruplex (umgangssprachlich Zweizoll genannt) in den 1980er Jahren aus dem Sendebetrieb genommen. Hauptgrund dafür war die vergleichsweise personalintensive Bedienung der Anlagen. Zur Nutzbarhaltung von Archivbeständen wurden jedoch einzelne Maschinen („Sondergeräte“) bis nach der Jahrtausendwende behalten. Das Format ist auch heute noch in einigen Fernsehstudios im Einsatz. Als das afghanische Fernsehen seine Sendungen wieder aufnahm, waren dort einige dieser Maschinen im regulären Sendebetrieb. Abgelöst wurde es im Fernsehproduktions- und Sendebetrieb durch die mit 1 Zoll (2,54 cm) breitem Magnetband auf offenen Spulen arbeitende - und 1-Zoll-C-Technik, aber auch durch die professionellen Videokassetten-Formate wie U-Matic, Betacam-SP bzw. Digital Betacam. Mittlerweile setzen die meisten Sender auf dateibasierten Produktionsbetrieb und somit auf IT-Tapes, wie z. B. LTO. (de)
- Cuádruplex fue el primer magnetoscopio comercial. AMPEX 1956. Grababa imágenes en blanco y negro NTSC. Llegó a España en 1960. Revolucionó la industria de la televisión. * Formato de cinta: 2 pulgadas (5 cm). * Tecnología: Válvulas de vacío. * Peso: 500 kg. Sistema de exploración transversal segmentado. Utiliza un tambor de cabezas con 4 cabezas de vídeo, de ahí su nombre. Dicho tambor giraba a 250 vueltas por segundo (15000 vueltas por minuto) lo que requería que el motor tuviera cojinetes de aire. La cinta al paso por los cabezales se mantenía firmemente sujeta por medio de una guía de vacío. Su carácter segmentado hace imposible la parada de imagen. El montaje con el Cuádruplex se realizaba, al principio, mediante el corte físico. Para ello se inventó el empalmador de cinta.Posteriormente se diseñaron magnetoscopios editores (AVR1 de Ampex), con los que se podían montar los programas con empalme electrónico. Se estuvieron usando hasta principios de los años 80. * Datos: Q2121997 (es)
- 2-inch quadruplex videotape (also called 2″ quad video tape or quadraplex) was the first practical and commercially successful analog recording video tape format. It was developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex, an American company based in Redwood City, California. The first videotape recorder using this format was built in the same year. This format revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production, since the only recording medium available to the TV industry until then was film used for kinescopes. Since most United States West Coast network broadcast delays done by the television networks at the time were done with film kinescopes that needed time for developing, the networks wanted a more practical, cost-effective, and quicker way to time-shift television programming for later airing on the West Coast than the expense and time consumption of the processing and editing of film caused. Faced with these challenges, broadcasters sought to adapt magnetic tape recording technology (already in use for recording audio) for use with television as well. By 1954 the television industry in the US was using more film stock than all Hollywood studios combined. The term "quadruplex" refers to the use of four magnetic record/reproduce heads mounted on a headwheel spinning transversely (width-wise) across the tape at a rate of 14,985 RPM (for 960 recorded stripes per second) for NTSC 525 lines/30fps-standard quad decks and at 15,000 RPM (for 1,000 stripes per second) for those using the PAL 625 lines/25fps video standard. This method is called quadrature scanning, as opposed to the helical scan transport used by later videotape formats. The tape ran at a speed of either 7.5 or 15 in (190.5 or 381.0 mm) per second; the audio, control, and cue tracks were recorded in a standard linear fashion near the edges of the tape. The cue track was used either as a second audio track, or for recording cue tones or time code for linear video editing. The quadruplex format employs segmented recording; each transversely recorded video track on a 2-inch quad videotape holds one-sixteenth (NTSC) or one-twentieth (PAL) of a field of interlaced video. (For NTSC systems, the math suggests 15 transverse head passes, each consisting of 16 lines of video, are required to complete one field.) This meant that 2-inch quad did not support "trick-play" functions, such as still, shuttle, and reverse or variable-speed playback. (In fact, the quadruplex format could only reproduce recognizable pictures when the tape was playing at normal speed.)) However, it was capable of producing extremely high-quality images containing about 400 horizontal lines of video resolution, and remained the de facto industry standard for television broadcasting from its inception in 1956 to the mid-1980s, when newer, smaller, and lower-maintenance videotape formats such as Type C videotape superseded it. There were three different variations of 2-inch quad: * Low-band, which was the first variety of quad introduced by Ampex in 1956, * High-band, which used a wider bandwidth for recording video to the tape, resulting in higher-resolution video from the video tape recorder (VTR), and * Super high-band, which used a pilot tone for better timebase stability, and higher coercivity tape. Most quad machines made later in the 1960s and 1970s by Ampex can play back both low and high-band 2-inch quad tape. (en)
- 2インチVTR(2インチ・ヴイティーアール、英語:2-inch video tape recorder)は、実用的で商用化された世界初のビデオテープレコーダの規格である。 4個のビデオヘッドにより記録再生を行ったことから、4ヘッドVTR(英語:Quadruplex)とも呼ばれる。テレビ放送開始当初から1インチ方式が普及する1980年頃まで、放送局で使用されたVTRの主流だった。2インチVTRのテープは生産終了まで一貫して大変高価で、作品が保存されずにテープが使いまわされることが多々あった。 (ja)
- Il 2 pollici Quadruplex (chiamato anche 2 pollici o anche semplicemente Quad) fu il primo formato di videoregistrazione funzionale e commerciabile. Presentato dalla Ampex nel 1956, fu il formato che introdusse su larga scala l'adozione della registrazione magnetica contrapposta al vidigrafo su pellicola cinematografica. All'epoca della sua messa in vendita, nonostante gli alti costi di esercizio, questo formato riscosse un successo molto superiore alle aspettative. (it)
- Попере́чно-стро́чная видеоза́пись (англ. Quadrature scanning) — способ записи телевизионного видеосигнала на магнитную ленту при помощи магнитных видеоголовок, вращающихся на барабане, установленном перпендикулярно движению магнитной ленты. При этом дорожки получаемой видеозаписи практически перпендикулярны к направлению движения носителя. Первые видеомагнитофоны, пригодные для практического использования, были построены на этом принципе. Поперечно-строчная видеозапись предусматривала использование магнитной ленты шириной 2 дюйма (50,8 миллиметров) и запись видеосигнала четырьмя видеоголовками на дорожках, расположенных поперёк плёнки. Для синхронизации движения ленты и барабана видеоголовок при воспроизведении (автотрекинга) применялся управляющий сигнал, который записывался неподвижной магнитной головкой на отдельную управляющую дорожку вдоль магнитной ленты, так же, как и звук. (ru)
- 多工多磁頭錄影帶(英語:quadraplex,2-inch quad video tape,2-inch quadruplex videotape)是一种由Ampex公司开发的录影带格式,也是世界上第一种商業用电视录影带規格標準。 (zh)
- http://www.lionlamb.us/quad/acr225.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060612201442/http:/televisiontape.tv/
- http://mail.quadvideotapegroup.com/pipermail/quadlist_quadvideotapegroup.com/2010-July/002966.html
- http://www.broadcasting101.ws/colorvtr_1970.jpg
- http://www.labguysworld.com/VTR_BirthOf.htm
- https://doi.org/10.17637/rh.6159680.v1
- http://www.cedmagic.com/history/ampex-commercial-vtr-1956.html
- http://www.lionlamb.us/quad/rca.html
- http://www.lionlamb.us/quad/theory.html
- http://quadvideotapegroup.com
- https://web.archive.org/web/20050329031732/http:/www.ev1.pair.com/edsel/edselshow1.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060206115435/http:/www.novia.net/~ereitan/rca-nbc_firsts.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20040603152849/http:/www.tvhandbook.com/History/History_recording.htm
- http://www.dcvideo.com/
- http://www.oldradio.com/archives/hardware/TV/RCA-TV.htm
- dbr:Ampex_2_inch_helical_VTR
- dbr:Monochrome
- dbr:Production_truck
- dbr:Betacam
- dbr:Revolutions_per_minute
- dbr:Cue_tone
- dbr:United_States
- dbr:Vacuum_column_(tape_drive)
- dbr:Vacuum_tube
- dbr:Video_production
- dbc:Audiovisual_introductions_in_1956
- dbr:Novosibirsk_Precision_Engineering_Plant
- dbc:Film_and_video_technology
- dbc:Videotape
- dbr:Analog_recording
- dbr:NAB_Show
- dbr:NHK
- dbr:NTSC
- dbc:American_inventions
- dbr:Magnetic_tape
- dbr:Harold_E._Ennes
- dbr:PAL
- dbr:576i
- dbc:Discontinued_media_formats
- dbr:Broadcast_television
- dbr:CBS
- dbr:CBS_Evening_News
- dbr:Three-phase
- dbr:Time_code
- dbr:Truth_or_Consequences
- dbr:U-matic
- dbr:HDCAM
- dbr:DVCAM
- dbr:Linear_video_editing
- dbr:Ampex
- dbr:480i
- dbr:Erhard_Kietz
- dbr:Broadcast_delay
- dbc:1980s_disestablishments
- dbr:Pacific_Time_Zone
- dbr:Kinescope
- dbr:Videotape
- dbr:Power_supply
- dbr:Helical_scan
- dbr:Television_network
- dbr:Television_production
- dbr:Arthur_Godfrey's_Talent_Scouts
- dbr:Charles_Ginsburg
- dbr:Chicago
- dbr:LOMO
- dbr:Coercivity
- dbr:High-definition_video
- dbr:Television
- dbr:Television_program
- dbr:Time_shifting
- dbr:Digital_data
- dbr:Dolby_Laboratories
- dbr:Soviet_Union
- dbr:Film
- dbr:Frequency_modulation
- dbr:DVCPro
- dbr:National_Association_of_Broadcasters
- dbr:RCA
- dbr:Ray_Dolby
- dbr:Redwood_City,_California
- dbr:Recording_head
- dbr:Servomechanism
- dbr:Type_C_videotape
- dbr:Video_tape_recorder
- dbr:Digital_Betacam
- dbr:Lunar_Orbiter_Image_Recovery_Project
- dbr:American_Telephone_&_Telegraph
- dbr:Single-phase
- dbr:Video_engineer
- dbr:Video_tape
- dbr:MiniDV
- dbr:Pilot_tone
- dbr:3-phase
- dbr:1"_type_C_videotape
- dbr:Timebase_correction
- dbr:Alex_Maxey
- dbr:Charlie_Anderson_(engineer)
- dbr:Fred_Pfost
- dbr:Shelby_Henderson
- dbr:Allen_Electronics
- dbr:File:Ampex-AVR-2-Quad-TVR.jpg
- dbr:File:Ampex-Am-Tech-Color-Tech-Proc-Amp.jpg
- dbr:File:Ampex-avr3.jpg
- dbr:File:Ampex-quad-video-head.jpg
- dbr:File:Ampex_VR-2000_20131126.jpg
- dbr:File:Ampex_VR_1000-B.JPG
- dbr:File:BOSCH_2_ZOLL_QUADRUPLEX_BCM_40.jpg
- dbr:File:Quadruplex.svg
- dbr:TRT-1A
- dbr:Wikt:arcuate
- dbc:Audiovisual_introductions_in_1956
- dbc:Film_and_video_technology
- dbc:Videotape
- dbc:American_inventions
- dbc:Discontinued_media_formats
- dbc:1980s_disestablishments
- 2インチVTR(2インチ・ヴイティーアール、英語:2-inch video tape recorder)は、実用的で商用化された世界初のビデオテープレコーダの規格である。 4個のビデオヘッドにより記録再生を行ったことから、4ヘッドVTR(英語:Quadruplex)とも呼ばれる。テレビ放送開始当初から1インチ方式が普及する1980年頃まで、放送局で使用されたVTRの主流だった。2インチVTRのテープは生産終了まで一貫して大変高価で、作品が保存されずにテープが使いまわされることが多々あった。 (ja)
- Il 2 pollici Quadruplex (chiamato anche 2 pollici o anche semplicemente Quad) fu il primo formato di videoregistrazione funzionale e commerciabile. Presentato dalla Ampex nel 1956, fu il formato che introdusse su larga scala l'adozione della registrazione magnetica contrapposta al vidigrafo su pellicola cinematografica. All'epoca della sua messa in vendita, nonostante gli alti costi di esercizio, questo formato riscosse un successo molto superiore alle aspettative. (it)
- 多工多磁頭錄影帶(英語:quadraplex,2-inch quad video tape,2-inch quadruplex videotape)是一种由Ampex公司开发的录影带格式,也是世界上第一种商業用电视录影带規格標準。 (zh)
- Quadruplex, auch Zwei-Zoll-Quadruplex oder Zwei-Zoll-Quad, war das erste praxistaugliche Videorekordersystem weltweit, das 1956 von Ampex entwickelt wurde. Erstmals im Rahmen eines regulären Sendebetriebs kam die neue Technik am 30. November 1956 zum Einsatz, als CBS mit einer Ampex VRX-1000 VTR die abendliche Nachrichtensendung „Douglas Edwards and the News“ im Studio in Hollywood aufzeichnete. Die Sendung mit einer Dauer von fünfzehn Minuten wurde später zeitversetzt an der Westküste ausgestrahlt. (de)
- Cuádruplex fue el primer magnetoscopio comercial. AMPEX 1956. Grababa imágenes en blanco y negro NTSC. Llegó a España en 1960. Revolucionó la industria de la televisión. * Formato de cinta: 2 pulgadas (5 cm). * Tecnología: Válvulas de vacío. * Peso: 500 kg. El montaje con el Cuádruplex se realizaba, al principio, mediante el corte físico. Para ello se inventó el empalmador de cinta.Posteriormente se diseñaron magnetoscopios editores (AVR1 de Ampex), con los que se podían montar los programas con empalme electrónico. Se estuvieron usando hasta principios de los años 80. * Datos: Q2121997 (es)
- 2-inch quadruplex videotape (also called 2″ quad video tape or quadraplex) was the first practical and commercially successful analog recording video tape format. It was developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex, an American company based in Redwood City, California. The first videotape recorder using this format was built in the same year. This format revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production, since the only recording medium available to the TV industry until then was film used for kinescopes. (en)
- Попере́чно-стро́чная видеоза́пись (англ. Quadrature scanning) — способ записи телевизионного видеосигнала на магнитную ленту при помощи магнитных видеоголовок, вращающихся на барабане, установленном перпендикулярно движению магнитной ленты. При этом дорожки получаемой видеозаписи практически перпендикулярны к направлению движения носителя. Первые видеомагнитофоны, пригодные для практического использования, были построены на этом принципе. Поперечно-строчная видеозапись предусматривала использование магнитной ленты шириной 2 дюйма (50,8 миллиметров) и запись видеосигнала четырьмя видеоголовками на дорожках, расположенных поперёк плёнки. Для синхронизации движения ленты и барабана видеоголовок при воспроизведении (автотрекинга) применялся управляющий сигнал, который записывался неподвижной м (ru)
- freebase:Quadruplex videotape
- wikidata:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-de:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-es:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-fi:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-it:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-ja:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-no:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-ru:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-sk:Quadruplex videotape
- dbpedia-zh:Quadruplex videotape
- https://global.dbpedia.org/id/21HVn
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/2-inch_Quad_Tape_Reel_with_miniDV_cassette.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex-quad-video-head.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex-AVR-2-Quad-TVR.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex-Am-Tech-Color-Tech-Proc-Amp.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex-avr3.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex_VR-2000_20131126.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Ampex_VR_1000-B.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/BOSCH_2_ZOLL_QUADRUPLEX_BCM_40.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Quadruplex.svg
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of
- dbr:2"_Quad
- dbr:Two-inch_quad
- dbr:2"_Quad_videotape
- dbr:2"_Quadruplex
- dbr:2"_Quadruplex_videotape
- dbr:2"_quad
- dbr:2"_quad_videotape
- dbr:2"_quadruplex
- dbr:2''_Quad
- dbr:2-inch_Quadruplex_videotape
- dbr:2-inch_quad
- dbr:2-inch_quadruplex_videotape
- dbr:Quadraplex
- dbr:2″_Quad
- dbr:2_inch_Quadruplex_videotape