4-Methylamphetamine (original) (raw)
4-methylamfetamine (doorgaans afgekort tot 4-MA) is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C10H15N. 4-methylamfetamine wordt soms toegevoegd aan amfetamine. Deze stof kan in lage doses al ernstige gezondheidsschade veroorzaken. Hierbij treedt er oververhitting van het lichaam op.
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|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with Ki affinity values of 53.4nM, 22.2nM, and 44.1nM at the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, respectively. However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine is much more potent at elevating serotonin (~18 x baseline) relative to dopamine (~5 x baseline). The authors speculated that this is because 5-HT release dampens DA release through some mechanism. For example, it was suggested that a possible cause for this could be activation of 5HT2C receptors since this is known to inhibit DA release. In addition there are alternative explanations such as 5-HT release then going on to encourage GABA release, which has an inhibitory effect on DA neurons. 4-MA was investigated as an appetite suppressant in 1952 and was even given a trade name, Aptrol, but development was apparently never completed. More recently it has been reported as a novel designer drug. In animal studies, 4-MA was shown to have the lowest rate of self-administration out of a range of similar drugs tested (the others being 3-methylamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, and 3-fluoroamphetamine), likely as a result of having the highest potency for releasing serotonin relative to dopamine. More than a dozen deaths were reported throughout Europe in 2012-2013 after consumption of amphetamine ('speed') contaminated with 4-methylamphetamine. (en) La 4-méthylamphétamine (4-MA ; PAL-313 ; Aptrol ; p-TAP) est un stimulant et un suppresseur d'appétit de la classe des phénéthylamines et des amphétamines. In vitro, la 4-méthylamphétamine provoque une production accrue de sérotonine, de norépinéphrine et de dopamine. Elle possède une constante de dissociation Ki de 53,4 nM, 22,2 nM et 44,1 nM respectivement pour les transporteurs de sérotonine, norépinéphrine et dopamine.Cependant, des études plus récentes in vivo, lors desquelles des expériences de microdialyses sur des rats ont été effectuées, ont montré un mode d'action différent, où la 4-MA provoquerait un accroissement plus marqué de la production de sérotonine que de celle de dopamine, de l'ordre de 4 pour 1. Le pouvoir de suppression d'appétit de la 4-MA a été étudié dès 1952, et le nom commercial d'Aprol lui a été donné. Son développement n'a cependant jamais été mené à terme. La 4-méthylamphétamine a récemment été désignée comme 'Nouveau produit de synthèse'. Dans certaines études sur sujet animal, la 4-MA s'est révélée avoir le plus faible taux d'auto-administration parmi un panel de drogues constitué de 3-méthylamphétamine, de 4-fluoroamphétamine et de 3-fluoroamphétamine. Ceci est probablement dû au fait que la 4-MA a un plus fort effet sur la production de sérotonine. (fr) 4-methylamfetamine (doorgaans afgekort tot 4-MA) is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C10H15N. 4-methylamfetamine wordt soms toegevoegd aan amfetamine. Deze stof kan in lage doses al ernstige gezondheidsschade veroorzaken. Hierbij treedt er oververhitting van het lichaam op. (nl) A 4-Metilanfetamina (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) é uma droga estimulante e anorexígena da classe química das fenetilaminas e anfetaminas substituídas. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | 4-methylamfetamine (doorgaans afgekort tot 4-MA) is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C10H15N. 4-methylamfetamine wordt soms toegevoegd aan amfetamine. Deze stof kan in lage doses al ernstige gezondheidsschade veroorzaken. Hierbij treedt er oververhitting van het lichaam op. (nl) A 4-Metilanfetamina (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) é uma droga estimulante e anorexígena da classe química das fenetilaminas e anfetaminas substituídas. (pt) 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA; PAL-313; Aptrol; p-TAP) is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. In vitro, it acts as a potent and balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent with Ki affinity values of 53.4nM, 22.2nM, and 44.1nM at the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, respectively. However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine is much more potent at elevating serotonin (~18 x baseline) relative to dopamine (~5 x baseline). The authors speculated that this is because 5-HT release dampens DA release through some mechanism. For example, it was suggested that a possible cause for this could be activat (en) La 4-méthylamphétamine (4-MA ; PAL-313 ; Aptrol ; p-TAP) est un stimulant et un suppresseur d'appétit de la classe des phénéthylamines et des amphétamines. In vitro, la 4-méthylamphétamine provoque une production accrue de sérotonine, de norépinéphrine et de dopamine. Elle possède une constante de dissociation Ki de 53,4 nM, 22,2 nM et 44,1 nM respectivement pour les transporteurs de sérotonine, norépinéphrine et dopamine.Cependant, des études plus récentes in vivo, lors desquelles des expériences de microdialyses sur des rats ont été effectuées, ont montré un mode d'action différent, où la 4-MA provoquerait un accroissement plus marqué de la production de sérotonine que de celle de dopamine, de l'ordre de 4 pour 1. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | 4-Methylamphetamine (en) 4-Méthylamphétamine (fr) 4-methylamfetamine (nl) 4-Metilanfetamina (pt) |
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