Augustus Owsley Stanley (original) (raw)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I (May 21, 1867 – August 12, 1958) was an American politician from Kentucky. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 38th governor of Kentucky and also represented the state in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. From 1903 to 1915, Stanley represented Kentucky's 2nd congressional district in the House of Representatives, where he gained a reputation as a progressive reformer. Beginning in 1904, he called for an antitrust investigation of the American Tobacco Company, claiming they were a monopsony that drove down prices for the tobacco farmers of his district. As a result of his investigation, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered the breakup of the American Tobacco Company in 1911. Stanley also chaired a committee that conducted an antitrust investigation of U.S. Steel, which brought him national acclaim. Many of his ideas were incorporated into the Clayton Antitrust Act. During an unsuccessful senatorial bid in 1914, Stanley assumed an anti-prohibition stance. This issue would dominate his political career for more than a decade and put him at odds with J. C. W. Beckham, the leader of the pro-temperance faction of the state's Democratic Party. In 1915, Stanley ran for governor, defeating his close friend Edwin P. Morrow by just over 400 votes in the closest gubernatorial race in the state's history. Historian Lowell H. Harrison called Stanley's administration the apex of the Progressive Era in Kentucky. Among the reforms adopted during his tenure were a state antitrust law, a campaign finance reform law, and a workman's compensation law. In 1918, Stanley was chosen as the Democratic nominee to succeed the recently deceased senator Ollie M. James. Stanley was elected, but did not resign as governor to take the seat until May 1919 and accomplished little in his single term. He lost his re-election bid to Frederic M. Sackett in the 1924 Republican landslide and never again held elected office. He died in Washington, D.C., on August 12, 1958. (en)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley (* 21. Mai 1867 in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Kentucky; † 12. August 1958 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1915 bis 1919 Gouverneur von Kentucky. Diesen Bundesstaat vertrat er außerdem in beiden Kammern des Kongresses. (de)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I, né le 21 mai 1867 à Shelbyville et mort le 12 août 1958 à Washington, est un homme politique américain, membre du parti démocrate. Il est le 38e gouverneur du Kentucky. (fr)
- オーガスタス・オウスリー・スタンレー(英: Augustus Owsley Stanley、1867年5月21日 - 1958年8月12日)は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家、弁護士であり、第38代ケンタッキー州知事とアメリカ合衆国上院議員および同下院議員を務めた。1903年から1915年はケンタッキー州第2選挙区を代表してアメリカ合衆国下院議員となり、進歩的改革者としての評判を勝ちえた。1904年からはアメリカン・タバコ・カンパニーの反トラスト法に関わる捜査を要求し、その地区のタバコ農家の生産価格を低下させる独占だと主張した。その捜査の結果として、1911年にアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所からアメリカン・タバコ・カンパニーを解体する命令が出された。スタンレーはUSスチールの反トラスト法捜査を行う委員会の議長も務め、全国的な名声を得た。スタンレーの考えの多くがクレイトン反トラスト法に組み込まれた。 1914年のアメリカ合衆国上院議員選挙では、反禁酒法の姿勢を選んだ。この問題は10年間以上もその政歴の中心課題となり、州民主党の禁酒法推進派の指導者であるJ・C・W・ベッカムと対立した。1915年、州知事選挙に出馬し、親友であるエドウィン・P・モローを僅か400票余の差で破った。ケンタッキー州知事選挙の歴史でも最小票差になっている。歴史家のローウェル・H・ハリソンはスタンレーの政権を、ケンタッキー州における進歩主義時代の絶頂期だと言った。その任期に採択された改革の中でも、州の反トラスト法、選挙資金改革法、労働者災害補償法が名高い。1918年、亡くなったばかりのアメリカ合衆国上院議員オリー・M・ジェイムズの後任として民主党候補に選ばれた。スタンレーは当選したが、州知事を続けていたので上院議員に就任したのは1919年5月になってからだった。上院議員としてはあまり目立った働きをしなかった。次の1924年の選挙では共和党のフレデリック・M・サケットに大敗して落選し、その後も選挙では勝てなかった。1958年8月12日にワシントンD.C.で死去した。 (ja)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I (21 de maio de 1867 — 12 de agosto de 1958) foi um político norte-americano originário do estado do Kentucky. Membro do Partido Democrata, foi 38.° governador do Kentucky, e também representou o estado, tanto na Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos e do Senado norte-americano. De 1903 a 1915, Stanley representou o 2º distrito congressional de Kentucky na Câmara dos Representantes, onde ganhou uma reputação como um reformista progressista. Começando em 1904, ele pediu uma investigação anti-trust da American Tobacco Company, alegando que eles eram um monopólio que forçou a baixa dos preços para os produtores de tabaco de seu distrito. Como resultado de sua investigação, o Supremo Tribunal dos Estados Unidos acabou com a American Tobacco Company em 1911. Stanley também presidiu uma comissão que conduziu uma investigação anti-trust contra a United States Steel, que lhe trouxe reconhecimento nacional. Muitas de suas ideias foram incorporadas à Lei Antitruste Clayton. Durante uma tentativa mal sucedida para o Senado em 1914, Stanley assumiu uma posição anti-prohibition (contra a lei-seca que proibia venda de bebidas alcoólicas). Esta questão acompanhou sua carreira política por mais de uma década e colocou-o em desacordo com J. C. W. Beckham, o líder da fação pro-temperance (movimento a favor da expansão da lei-seca) do Partido Democrata do Estado. Em 1915 Stanley concorreu para governador, derrotando seu amigo Edwin P. Morrow por pouco mais de 400 votos. Foi a eleição mais disputada para governador na história do Estado. O historiador Lowell H. Harrison qualificou a administração de Stanley como o ápice da Era Progressista em Kentucky. Entre as reformas adotadas durante o seu mandato estavam uma lei estadual anti-trust, uma campanha de reforma do financiamento das campanhas políticas (Campaign finance reform), bem como de uma lei trabalhista de compensação, que estabelecia um seguro pago ao trabalhador em caso de acidente em troca de acusação de negligência do empregador (workman's compensation law). Em 1918, Stanley foi escolhido como o candidato democrata para suceder o recentemente falecido senador Ollie M. James. Stanley foi eleito, mas não renunciou ao cargo de governador para assumir a vaga no Senado até maio de 1919 e cumpriu um exíguo e único mandato. Ele perdeu a reeleição para Frederic M. Sackett na avalanche republicana de 1924 e nunca mais ocupou um cargo eletivo. Morreu em Washington, D.C., em 12 de agosto de 1958. (pt)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley, född 21 maj 1867 i Shelbyville, Kentucky, död 12 augusti 1958 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk demokratisk politiker. Han var guvernör i delstaten Kentucky 1915–1919. Han representerade Kentucky i båda kamrarna av USA:s kongress, först i representanthuset 1903–1915 och sedan i senaten 1919–1925. Stanley utexaminerades 1889 från . Han undervisade sedan vid Christian College i Hustonville och studerade juridik. Han inledde 1894 sin karriär som advokat i Flemingsburg. Han var elektor för William Jennings Bryan i presidentvalet i USA 1900. Stanley efterträdde 1903 som kongressledamot. Han efterträddes 1915 av . Stanley efterträdde sedan James B. McCreary som guvernör. Senator Ollie Murray James avled 1918 i ämbetet och Stanley utnämnde George B. Martin till senaten. Stanley efterträdde sedan 1919 Martin som senator. Han besegrades i senatsvalet 1924 av Frederic M. Sackett. Stanley avled 1958 och gravsattes på Frankfort Cemetery i Frankfort. (sv)
- 奥古斯塔斯·奥斯利·斯坦利一世(英語:Augustus Owsley Stanley I;1867年5月21日-1958年8月12日)是美国肯塔基州的一位政治家,曾担任该州第38任州长,还曾担任代表该州的联邦众议员和联邦参议员。1903至1915年,斯坦利成为代表肯塔基州第2国会选区的联邦众议员,并在这一期间赢得了进步改革者的声誉。1904年起,他呼吁对美国烟草公司展开反垄断调查,声称该公司利用其垄断地位压低自己所在选区烟农的烟草价格。这场调查最终令联邦最高法院于1911年拆散了美国烟草公司。斯坦利还主持一个委员会对美国钢铁公司展开反垄断调查,并因此赢得了全国性的声誉。他的许多理念都纳入了《》。 1914年竞选联邦参议员期间,斯坦利站到了反对禁酒的立场上。这个问题将在他的政治生涯中占据十余年的主导地位,也让他站到了J·C·W·贝克汉姆的对立面,后者是肯塔基州民主党赞成禁酒一派的领袖。1915年,斯坦利竞选州长,以仅400余票的微弱优势战胜好友埃德温·P·莫罗,创下该州州长选举最微弱优势的新纪录。据历史学家洛厄尔·H·哈里森表示,斯坦利的州长任期是肯塔基州进步时代的顶点。这一期间,该州通过了州反垄断法、法、工伤赔偿法和罪犯劳工法。1918年联邦参议员奥利·M·詹姆斯在任内去世,斯坦利获得民主党提名继任,但当选后并没有立即辞去州长职位,直到1919年5月才就职。他的参议员任期表现平平,1924年竞选连任时不敌共和党候选人弗雷德里克·M·萨克特,此后再也没有赢得过公职竞选。1958年8月12日,奥古斯塔斯·奥斯利·斯坦利一世在首都哥伦比亚特区逝世,享年91岁。 (zh)
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- Augustus Owsley Stanley (* 21. Mai 1867 in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Kentucky; † 12. August 1958 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker und von 1915 bis 1919 Gouverneur von Kentucky. Diesen Bundesstaat vertrat er außerdem in beiden Kammern des Kongresses. (de)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I, né le 21 mai 1867 à Shelbyville et mort le 12 août 1958 à Washington, est un homme politique américain, membre du parti démocrate. Il est le 38e gouverneur du Kentucky. (fr)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I (May 21, 1867 – August 12, 1958) was an American politician from Kentucky. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 38th governor of Kentucky and also represented the state in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. From 1903 to 1915, Stanley represented Kentucky's 2nd congressional district in the House of Representatives, where he gained a reputation as a progressive reformer. Beginning in 1904, he called for an antitrust investigation of the American Tobacco Company, claiming they were a monopsony that drove down prices for the tobacco farmers of his district. As a result of his investigation, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered the breakup of the American Tobacco Company in 1911. Stanley also chaired a committee that co (en)
- オーガスタス・オウスリー・スタンレー(英: Augustus Owsley Stanley、1867年5月21日 - 1958年8月12日)は、アメリカ合衆国の政治家、弁護士であり、第38代ケンタッキー州知事とアメリカ合衆国上院議員および同下院議員を務めた。1903年から1915年はケンタッキー州第2選挙区を代表してアメリカ合衆国下院議員となり、進歩的改革者としての評判を勝ちえた。1904年からはアメリカン・タバコ・カンパニーの反トラスト法に関わる捜査を要求し、その地区のタバコ農家の生産価格を低下させる独占だと主張した。その捜査の結果として、1911年にアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所からアメリカン・タバコ・カンパニーを解体する命令が出された。スタンレーはUSスチールの反トラスト法捜査を行う委員会の議長も務め、全国的な名声を得た。スタンレーの考えの多くがクレイトン反トラスト法に組み込まれた。 (ja)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley I (21 de maio de 1867 — 12 de agosto de 1958) foi um político norte-americano originário do estado do Kentucky. Membro do Partido Democrata, foi 38.° governador do Kentucky, e também representou o estado, tanto na Câmara dos Representantes dos Estados Unidos e do Senado norte-americano. De 1903 a 1915, Stanley representou o 2º distrito congressional de Kentucky na Câmara dos Representantes, onde ganhou uma reputação como um reformista progressista. Começando em 1904, ele pediu uma investigação anti-trust da American Tobacco Company, alegando que eles eram um monopólio que forçou a baixa dos preços para os produtores de tabaco de seu distrito. Como resultado de sua investigação, o Supremo Tribunal dos Estados Unidos acabou com a American Tobacco Company em 1911. Stan (pt)
- Augustus Owsley Stanley, född 21 maj 1867 i Shelbyville, Kentucky, död 12 augusti 1958 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk demokratisk politiker. Han var guvernör i delstaten Kentucky 1915–1919. Han representerade Kentucky i båda kamrarna av USA:s kongress, först i representanthuset 1903–1915 och sedan i senaten 1919–1925. Stanley utexaminerades 1889 från . Han undervisade sedan vid Christian College i Hustonville och studerade juridik. Han inledde 1894 sin karriär som advokat i Flemingsburg. Han var elektor för William Jennings Bryan i presidentvalet i USA 1900. (sv)
- 奥古斯塔斯·奥斯利·斯坦利一世(英語:Augustus Owsley Stanley I;1867年5月21日-1958年8月12日)是美国肯塔基州的一位政治家,曾担任该州第38任州长,还曾担任代表该州的联邦众议员和联邦参议员。1903至1915年,斯坦利成为代表肯塔基州第2国会选区的联邦众议员,并在这一期间赢得了进步改革者的声誉。1904年起,他呼吁对美国烟草公司展开反垄断调查,声称该公司利用其垄断地位压低自己所在选区烟农的烟草价格。这场调查最终令联邦最高法院于1911年拆散了美国烟草公司。斯坦利还主持一个委员会对美国钢铁公司展开反垄断调查,并因此赢得了全国性的声誉。他的许多理念都纳入了《》。 (zh)
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