Better red than dead (original) (raw)
Radši mrtvý, než rudý (německy Lieber tot als rot, anglicky Better dead than red) byl protikomunistický slogan, užívaný německou propagandou za druhé světové války a později užívaný ve Spojených státech v době studené války. Možným autorem tohoto sloganu je německý ministr propagandy Joseph Goebbels. Slogan byl nejprve využíván k mobilizaci německé armády a německého obyvatelstva k odporu proti postupující Rudé armádě. Později jej používali v 50. letech 20. století američtí mccarthisté.
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| dbo:abstract | Radši mrtvý, než rudý (německy Lieber tot als rot, anglicky Better dead than red) byl protikomunistický slogan, užívaný německou propagandou za druhé světové války a později užívaný ve Spojených státech v době studené války. Možným autorem tohoto sloganu je německý ministr propagandy Joseph Goebbels. Slogan byl nejprve využíván k mobilizaci německé armády a německého obyvatelstva k odporu proti postupující Rudé armádě. Později jej používali v 50. letech 20. století američtí mccarthisté. (cs) "Better red than dead" and "better dead than red" were dueling Cold War slogans which first gained currency in the United States during the late 1950s, amid debates about anti-communism and nuclear disarmament (red being the emblematic color of communism). The first phrase, "better red than dead", is often credited to British philosopher Bertrand Russell, but in his 1961 Has Man a Future? he attributes it to "West German friends of peace". In any event, Russell agreed with the sentiment, having written in 1958 that if "no alternatives remain except Communist domination or extinction of the human race, the former alternative is the lesser of two evils", and the slogan was adopted by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, which he helped found. The first known English-language use of either term came in 1930, long before their widespread popularity. In an editorial criticizing John Edgerton, a Tennessee businessman who had mandated morning prayers in his factories to help keep out "dangerous ideas", The Nation sarcastically wrote: It is high time in any case that the workers learned to live by faith, not work. As for those weaklings who may fall by the wayside and starve to death, let the country bury them under the epitaph: Better Dead than Red. The first known use of "better red than dead" came in August 1958, when the Oakland Tribune wrote: "The popular phrase 'better red than dead' has lost what appeal it ever had." As anti-communist fever took hold in mid-century, the version "better dead than red" became popular in the United States, especially during the McCarthy era. With the end of the Cold War, the phrases have increasingly been repurposed as their original meanings have waned. For example, "better dead than red" is sometimes used as a schoolyard taunt aimed at redhaired children or Chinese American children. In more recent times, with the increased use of the colors red and blue to denote the U.S. Republican and Democratic parties, respectively, the phrase has found some currency among American Democrats. Some American alt-right groups such as Patriot Front have also used the phrase in their propaganda, in particular against Chinese Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. (en) „Lieber tot als rot“ (englisch Better dead than red) war ein antikommunistisches Schlagwort in Deutschland während des Zweiten Weltkrieges sowie in den USA und anderen Ländern während des Kalten Krieges. Im Radio Werwolf, in dem Adolf Hitlers Propagandaminister Joseph Goebbels zahlreiche Durchhalteparolen verbreiten ließ, soll das Schlagwort erstmals öffentlich verwendet worden sein. Die Propaganda sollte deutsche Soldaten und Zivilisten dazu motivieren, die Rote Armee bis zum eigenen Tode zu bekämpfen. (de) Le slogan politique « Plutôt mort que rouge » était d'abord utilisé dans la version allemande « Lieber tot als rot » par Joseph Goebbels à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour motiver l'armée et la population allemande à combattre l'Armée rouge jusqu'à la fin. Goebbels lui-même a pris son slogan à la lettre, car il s'est suicidé avant que l'Armée rouge pût le prendre. La version anglaise de ce slogan vient probablement de l'allemand, mais il s'agit peut-être aussi d'une réinvention. Le slogan « Better Dead than Red » était utilisé aux États-Unis dans les années 1950 par les anticommunistes pour exprimer leur opposition à une prise de pouvoir par les communistes aux États-Unis, ou bien contre n'importe quelle influence gauchiste américaine. Le slogan opposé « Better Red than Dead » s'est aussi développé, mais ne s'est pas tellement répandu. (fr) Liever dood dan rood was een anticommunistische uitspraak die voor het eerst werd gebruikt tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de originele Duitse vorm “Lieber tot als rot” en later tijdens de Koude Oorlog door de Verenigde Staten. De uitspraak was bedacht door Joseph Goebbels, de Minister van Propaganda in nazi-Duitsland, aan het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog om het Duitse leger en bevolking te motiveren om tot het bittere einde tegen de Sovjet-Unie te blijven vechten. Hij nam de uitspraak ter harte door zelfmoord te plegen voor zijn vangst door het Rode Leger. De slogan werd opnieuw gebruikt in de Verenigde Staten in de jaren ‘50 door anticommunisten om hun afkeer uit te drukken van een communistische overname in de VS. De tegenslogan “Beter rood dan dood” werd later ook gebruikt, deze wordt toegeschreven aan Bertrand Russell als strijdkreet tegen kernwapens. (nl) "Melhor vermelho do que morto" ou "melhor morto do que vermelho" (em inglês: better red than dead; better dead than red) foram slogans políticos usados durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial pela Alemanha e durante a Guerra Fria pelos Estados Unidos e outros países, sendo o vermelho a cor emblemática do comunismo. A primeira frase "melhor vermelho do que morto" é frequentemente creditada ao filósofo britânico Bertrand Russell. No entanto, em seu livro de 1961 Has Man a Future? ele atribui a frase aos "amigos da paz da Alemanha Ocidental". De qualquer forma, Russell concordou com este sentido, tendo escrito em 1958 que "se não restar outra alternativa, exceto a dominação comunista ou a extinção da raça humana, a alternativa anterior será o menor de dois males", e o slogan foi adotado pela Campanha pelo Desarmamento Nuclear, que ele ajudou a fundar. O primeiro uso conhecido em inglês de qualquer um dos termos ocorreu em 1930, muito antes de sua ampla popularidade. Em um editorial que criticava John E. Edgerton, um empresário do Tennessee que ordenou orações matinais em suas fábricas para ajudar a afastar "ideias perigosas", a The Nation escreveu sarcasticamente: Já é tempo de os trabalhadores aprenderem a viver pela fé, não pelo trabalho. Quanto aos fracos que possam cair pelo caminho e morrer de fome, que o país os enterre sob o epitáfio: Melhor Morto do que Vermelho. O primeiro uso conhecido de "melhor vermelho do que morto" ocorreu em agosto de 1958, quando o Oakland Tribune escreveu: "A frase popular 'melhor vermelho do que morto' perdeu o apelo que já teve". Com a febre anticomunista que se instalou em meados do século, a versão "melhor morto do que vermelho" tornou-se popular nos Estados Unidos, especialmente durante a era McCarthy. Com o fim da Guerra Fria as frases foram cada vez mais reformuladas à medida que seus significados originais diminuíam. Por exemplo, "melhor morto do que vermelho" às vezes é usado nas escolas dos Estados Unidos como uma provocação destinada a crianças de cabelos ruivos. Em tempos mais recentes, com o aumento do uso das cores vermelho e azul para denotar os partidos Republicano e Democrata dos EUA, respectivamente, a frase encontrou algum valor entre os democratas americanos. Alguns grupos de extrema-direita, como o [en], também usaram a frase para demonstrar sua rejeição ao conservadorismo tradicional do Partido Republicano na busca de uma etnocracia. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Radši mrtvý, než rudý (německy Lieber tot als rot, anglicky Better dead than red) byl protikomunistický slogan, užívaný německou propagandou za druhé světové války a později užívaný ve Spojených státech v době studené války. Možným autorem tohoto sloganu je německý ministr propagandy Joseph Goebbels. Slogan byl nejprve využíván k mobilizaci německé armády a německého obyvatelstva k odporu proti postupující Rudé armádě. Později jej používali v 50. letech 20. století američtí mccarthisté. (cs) „Lieber tot als rot“ (englisch Better dead than red) war ein antikommunistisches Schlagwort in Deutschland während des Zweiten Weltkrieges sowie in den USA und anderen Ländern während des Kalten Krieges. Im Radio Werwolf, in dem Adolf Hitlers Propagandaminister Joseph Goebbels zahlreiche Durchhalteparolen verbreiten ließ, soll das Schlagwort erstmals öffentlich verwendet worden sein. Die Propaganda sollte deutsche Soldaten und Zivilisten dazu motivieren, die Rote Armee bis zum eigenen Tode zu bekämpfen. (de) "Better red than dead" and "better dead than red" were dueling Cold War slogans which first gained currency in the United States during the late 1950s, amid debates about anti-communism and nuclear disarmament (red being the emblematic color of communism). The first known English-language use of either term came in 1930, long before their widespread popularity. In an editorial criticizing John Edgerton, a Tennessee businessman who had mandated morning prayers in his factories to help keep out "dangerous ideas", The Nation sarcastically wrote: (en) Le slogan politique « Plutôt mort que rouge » était d'abord utilisé dans la version allemande « Lieber tot als rot » par Joseph Goebbels à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour motiver l'armée et la population allemande à combattre l'Armée rouge jusqu'à la fin. Goebbels lui-même a pris son slogan à la lettre, car il s'est suicidé avant que l'Armée rouge pût le prendre. (fr) Liever dood dan rood was een anticommunistische uitspraak die voor het eerst werd gebruikt tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in de originele Duitse vorm “Lieber tot als rot” en later tijdens de Koude Oorlog door de Verenigde Staten. De uitspraak was bedacht door Joseph Goebbels, de Minister van Propaganda in nazi-Duitsland, aan het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog om het Duitse leger en bevolking te motiveren om tot het bittere einde tegen de Sovjet-Unie te blijven vechten. Hij nam de uitspraak ter harte door zelfmoord te plegen voor zijn vangst door het Rode Leger. (nl) "Melhor vermelho do que morto" ou "melhor morto do que vermelho" (em inglês: better red than dead; better dead than red) foram slogans políticos usados durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial pela Alemanha e durante a Guerra Fria pelos Estados Unidos e outros países, sendo o vermelho a cor emblemática do comunismo. Já é tempo de os trabalhadores aprenderem a viver pela fé, não pelo trabalho. Quanto aos fracos que possam cair pelo caminho e morrer de fome, que o país os enterre sob o epitáfio: Melhor Morto do que Vermelho. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Radši mrtvý, než rudý (cs) Lieber tot als rot (de) Better red than dead (en) Plutôt mort que rouge (fr) Liever dood dan rood (nl) Melhor vermelho do que morto (pt) |
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